EYES

Question 1

Benign corneal degeneration that is associated with age and appears as a hazy gray ring around the cornea on exam

Answer 1

arcus senilis

Question 2

For those who are under 50 years old and develop arcus senilis, what labs test should they have performed?

Answer 2

a lipid panel

Question 3

hemorrhage into the anterior chamber due to trauma

Answer 3

hyphema

Question 4

treatment of hyphema

Answer 4

daily ophthalmologic assessment until resolution

Question 5

Hypopyon is characterized as

Answer 5

severe anterior uveitis

Question 6

An inherited disorder that results in a cone-shaped cornea with blurred vision and

Answer 6

Ketatoconus

Question 7

What are Vogt’s lines and what are they associated with?

Answer 7

narrow folds centrally in Descemet’s membrane, pathognomonic for ketatoconus

Question 8

recommended treatment for ketatoconus

Answer 8

rigid contacts usually help tremendously

Question 9

geographic ulcers that may be precipitated by sun exposure

Answer 9

herpes simplex keratitis

Question 10

a form of keratitis most commonly found in a agricultural setting

Answer 10

fungal keratitis

Question 11

zoster rash spreading to the tip of the nose is concerning for what?

Answer 11

herpes zoster ophthalmicus

Question 12

Acanthamoeba keratitis is more likely to occur in what population?

Answer 12

those that wear contact lenses (eye pain with perineural and ring infiltrates; can be sight-threatening

Question 13

Exposure to a sunlamp, welding arc or snow in sunlight without protective eye wear can lead to this disorder

Answer 13

ultraviolet keratitis: there are no immediate sx but 6-12 hrs later there’s extreme pain and photophobia

Question 14

gradual blurred vision

Answer 14

cataracts

Question 15

gradually progressing tunnel vision

Answer 15

glaucoma

Question 16

“shades being pulled over the eyes”

Answer 16

retinal detachment

Question 17

loss of central vision

Answer 17

macular degeneration

Question 18

what physical exam finding would you expect to see with cataracts ?

Answer 18

impaired red reflex with glare

Question 19

When should people be screened for glaucoma?

Answer 19

anyone over 50 should have intraocular pressure taken, and ophthalmoscopy every 3-5 years

Question 20

First line treatment for chronic glaucoma?

Answer 20

prostaglandin analogs

Question 21

rapid onset of severe pain and profound visual loss and “halos around lights”

Answer 21

acute glaucoma

Question 22

What physical exam findings would you expect to find in acute closed angle glaucoma?

Answer 22

dilated pupils and hard eye to palpation

Question 23

presents as retinal hemorrhages without pain and with sudden loss of monocular vision

Answer 23

retinal vein occlusion

Question 24

retinal pallid swelling with sudden monocular loss of vision

Answer 24

retinal artery occlusion

Question 25

myopia

Answer 25

nearsightness, meaning you can see things better when they are closer to you

Question 26

hyperopia

Answer 26

farsightedness, can see objects better from further away

Question 27

presbyopia

Answer 27

natural loss of accommodative capacity that occurs with age

Question 28

trichiasis

Answer 28

abnormally positioned eyelashes that grow toward the eye

Question 29

miosis

Answer 29

pupil constriction

Question 30

mydriasis

Answer 30

dilation of the pupil

Question 31

anisoemtropia

Answer 31

eyes have unequal refractory power

Question 32

floaters are often caused by

Answer 32

benign vitreous opacities

Question 33

what can cause sudden onset of floaters?

Answer 33

posterior vitreous detachment, vitreous hemorrhage or posterior uveitis

Question 34

pruritis is a symptom of what?

Answer 34

blepharitis or allergic eye disease

Question 35

Sudden onset of homonymous hemianopia is usually indicative of what?

Answer 35

stroke

Question 36

epiphora

Answer 36

tearing

Question 37

dacryocystitis is usually unilateral or bilateral? what age population is at risk?

Answer 37

infants and people over 40; usually unilateral

Question 38

may follow an internal hordelum, this is a nontender, swelling with redness

Answer 38

chalazion

Question 39

what neurologic syndromes can cause ptosis?

Answer 39

horner syndrome and third nerve palsy

Question 40

entropion

Answer 40

inward turning (usually of the lower) eyelid that occurs in older people

Question 41

what injection can be given to help entropion?

Answer 41

botulinum toxin

Question 42

extropion

Answer 42

outward turning of the lower lid which is common with advanced age

Question 43

Anterior or posterior blepharitis involves the eyelid skin, eyelashes and associated glands?

Answer 43

anterior; eye appear "red-rimmed"

Question 44

this eyelid disorder has a strong associated with acne rosacea

Answer 44

posterior blepharitis

Question 45

What is anterior uveitis commonly associated with?

Answer 45

GI/rheum disorders

Question 46

causes of panuveitis

Answer 46

sarcoidosis, TB and syphilis

Question 47

This form of uveitis is associated with floaters

Answer 47

posterior uveitis

Question 48

this form of uveitis can present with a small pupil

Answer 48

anterior

Question 49

causative agents for bacterial keratits

Answer 49

pseudomonas, pneumococcus, moraxella

Question 50

treatment for bacterial keratitis

Answer 50

48 hrs straight of fluroquinolone

Question 51

Three things to diagnosis chronic glaucoma

Answer 51

Increased intraocular pressure Progressive loss of peripheral vision (tunnel vision) Disc to cup ratio increase ("cupping")-->cup disc ratio is greater than 0.5

Question 52

T/F. Primary open-angled glaucoma is bilateral

Answer 52

true

Question 53

leading cause of new blindness in those 20-65

Answer 53

diabetic retinopathy

Question 54

fundascopic revealing cotton-wool spots and microaneurysm

Answer 54

diabetic retinopathy

Question 55

silver/copper wiring with A/V nicking and flame hemorrhages can all be a sign of

Answer 55

hypertensive retinopathy

Question 56

what can cause a vitreous hemorrhage?

Answer 56

diabetic retinopathy, retinal tears, vein occlusions, trauma

Question 57

Leading cause of permanent vision loss in older population

Answer 57

macular degeneration

Question 58

what are drusen and what are they associated with?

Answer 58

macular degeneration; yellow deposits under the retina

Question 59

what can cause ischemic optic neuropathy? What should you treat it with?

Answer 59

giant cell arteries (sudden loss of vision with optic disc swelling); tx with corticosteroids asap!

Question 60

sudden painless visual loss with signs of optic nerve dysfunction

Answer 60

ischemic optic neuropathy

Question 61

How is the marcus gunn sign performed? What is a positive sign?

Answer 61

the swinging light test; a positive test means the pupil constrict less when the light goes from the unaffected eye to the affected eye

Question 62

A positive marcus gunn sign could indicate what?

Answer 62

optic neuritis, ischemic optic, ischemic optic neuropathy

Question 63

describe a tonic pupil

Answer 63

women with one pupil larger than the other, also called Adie pupil, rxn to light is absent or greater reduced

Question 64

pupils that are bilaterally small, irregular and unequal which react poorly to light but accommodate well

Answer 64

think neuropyhpilis aka Argyll Robertson pupil

Question 65

most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood

Answer 65

retinoblastoma; can progress to death if not treated; most common sign is leukocoria (white pupillary reflex)

Question 66

this eye cancer is associated with urinary obstruction, constipation and hematuria

Answer 66

rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 67

most common primary tumor of the eye

Answer 67

malignant melanoma