Eyes

Question 1

Hyperopia

Answer 1

Farsightedness

Question 2

Presbyopia

Answer 2

Aging vision

Question 3

Myopia

Answer 3

Nearsightedness

Question 4

Hemianopsia

Answer 4

One-sided vision loss

Question 5

Strabismus

Answer 5

cross-eyed

Question 6

Xanthelasma

Answer 6

yellow plaques around eyes that indicate high levels of cholesterol and high risk of heart disease

Question 7

Chalazion

Answer 7

large, non-painful, blocked gland

Question 8

Miosis

Answer 8

Constricted pupil

Question 9

Mydriasis

Answer 9

Dilated pupil

Question 10

Anisocoria

Answer 10

Unequal size of pupils

Question 11

Near reaction

Answer 11

Pupils constrict when gaze shifts to near object from distant object

Question 12

Tonic pupil

Answer 12

Slowed near reaction; Affected eye does not constrict with light but consensual reflex remains intact (eye without direct light does constrict)

Question 13

Disorder in which near reaction is absent

Answer 13

Argyll Robertson pupils (indicate Syphilis infection)

Question 14

Papilledema

Answer 14

Swelling of the optic disc caused by increased ICP

Question 15

Glaucomatous cupping

Answer 15

A cup to disc ratio greater than six-tenths is generally considered to be suspicious for glaucoma

Question 16

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 16

Result of damage to the tiny blood vessels that nourish the retina. They leak blood and other fluids that cause swelling of retinal tissue and clouding of vision. My be non-proliferative or proliferative (growth of abnormal blood vessels; neovascularization)

Question 17

Hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 17

• Grade 1- the arteries become tortuous with thick shiny walls (otherwise known as ‘copper-wiring’)
• Grade 2-nipping of the arteries and veins (narrowing where the arteries cross over the veins)
• Grade 3-flame hemorrhages and cotton wool spots
• Grade 4-papilledema (there is a lot of swelling and fluid leaking from the vessels so optic disc loses its clear contours and margins.

Question 18

Drusen

Answer 18

Yellow deposits of undigested cellular debris under the retina. The presence of a few small (“hard”) drusen is normal with advancing age, and most people over 40 have some hard drusen. However, the presence of larger and more numerous drusen in the macula is a common early sign of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Question 19

Uveitis

Answer 19

Inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, the uvea (consists of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid).

Question 20

Hyphema

Answer 20

Bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye; usually caused by blunt trauma

Question 21

Scotoma

Answer 21

Blind spot in an otherwise normal visual field. Suggest lesions in the retina or visual pathways.