Eyes

Question 1

Strabismus

Answer 1

glasses, patching, cycloplegic eye drops, visual training

Question 2

Depravation amblyopia

Answer 2

remove obstruction

Question 3

Refraction error ambylopia

Answer 3

glasses

Question 4

amblyopia

Answer 4

eye patch, cycloplegic drops

Question 5

CRAO

Answer 5

mannitol or acetazolamide
oral nitrates
CO2
lay on back
massage orbit
reduce IOP

Question 6

CRVO

Answer 6

Reduction of macular edema with several injected vitreal agents, such as corticosteroids or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents
Laser treatment can be performed to reduce neovascularization
Treat underlying diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension
Evaluate for hypercoagulable states

Question 7

Retinal detachment

Answer 7

laser surgery

Question 8

Dry AMD

Answer 8

antioxidant vitamin combinations (Zinc/B/C/Beta carotene) and smoking cessation

Question 9

Wet AMD

Answer 9

antioxidant vitamins, intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, and laser eye surgery

Question 10

Open angle glaucoma

Answer 10

lower IOP
Topical meds
Increase aqueous outflow: prostaglandins, alpha adrenergic agonists, cholinergic agonists
Decrease aqueous production: alpha adrenergic agonists, beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Combination medications exist also.

Question 11

Angle closure glaucoma

Answer 11

bb- timolol
Pilocarpine
Predisolone
Apraclonidine
Acetazolamide
Mannitol

Question 12

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 12

dilated eye exam each year
monitor closely for mild to mod
laser photocoagulation

Question 13

Malignant HTN

Answer 13

rapid lowering of the BP 10-15% in first hour of treatment and by 25% at end of day 1.

Question 14

Hordoleum

Answer 14

Warm compress

Question 15

Chalazion

Answer 15

hot compress or incision and drainage

Question 16

Dacryoadenitis

Answer 16

Cephalexin 250mg to 1 gm q 6 hours
OR
Clindamycin 150-300 mg q 6 hours

Question 17

Dacryocystitis

Answer 17

Cephalexin 250mg-1 gram qid
OR
Clindamycin 150-300 mg qid

Question 18

Orbital cellulitis

Answer 18

Hospitalization is important for treatment with parenteral antibiotics
Vancomycin plus
Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime or Ampicillin-sulbactam or Pipercillin-tazobactam

Question 19

Pterygium

Answer 19

supportive (Artificial Tears) or sometimes, surgical excision but frequently recur

Question 20

Pingexula

Answer 20

topical corticosteroids and topical ophthalmic NSAIDs, but those have risks as well long-term (especially corticosteroids)

Question 21

Ectropion

Answer 21

refer

Question 22

Entropium

Answer 22

refer

Question 23

Hyphema

Answer 23

Use of an eye shield
Bed rest and avoidance of bright light
Elevate head of bed
Pain control with ocular topical anesthetics, such as proparacaine
Oral or IV narcotics

Question 24

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

Answer 24

time

Question 25

Uveitis

Answer 25

steroids

Question 26

Bacterial Keratitis

Answer 26

REFER TO OPTHALMOLOGY FOR CULTURE AND THE APPROPRIATE TOPICAL ANTIBIOTICS

Question 27

Scleritis

Answer 27

systemic NSAIDs and immunosuppressants, especially glucocorticoids, often for several months

Question 28

Episcleritis

Answer 28

self limiting Diclofenac ophthalmic solution (NSAID) Prednisolone acetate ophthalmic solution (steroid)

Question 29

Blepharitis

Answer 29

Topical azithromycin solution (Azasite) x 4 weeks Can also prescribe erythromycin topical or bacitracin ointments Oral antibiotics have been used in severe cases, such as Azithromycin (five days), doxycycline or tetracycline (x 2-4 weeks)

Question 30

Corneal Abrasion

Answer 30

idk

Question 31

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 31

bacitracin, neomycin/bacitracin, trimethoprim | azithromycin

Question 32

Viral conjunctivitis

Answer 32

self limiting

Question 33

Allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 33

Patanol, Pataday | Optivar

Question 34

HSV keratitis

Answer 34

Trifluorothymidine 1% (Viroptic) drops Ganciclovir 0.15% gel Can use oral acyclovir (has been studied in HSV keratitis) and other orals such as valacyclovir, famciclovir, ganciclovir (not studied)