Eyes, Ear, Nose, & Throat

Question 1

Myopia

Answer 1

• nearsightedness
• distant objects are blurry or fuzzy
• objects are seen clearly when they are close to the eye

Question 2

Presbyopia

Answer 2

• loss ability for the Eye to focus on closed objects

- consider normal aging process, it is not an eye disease

Question 3

What is the vision alteration of untreated open- angle glaucoma?

Answer 3

Peripheral vision loss

Question 4

What is the vision alteration of Macular degeneration?

Answer 4

Central vision loss

Question 5

What is the vision alteration of normative aging?

Answer 5

Need for increased illumination

Question 6

What is most likely to be found on the funduscopic exam and a person with angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 6

A deeply – cupped optic disc

Question 7

What is most likely to be found on the funduscopic exam in a person with arthrosclerotic changes in the back of the eye?

Answer 7

Arteriovenous nicking

Question 8

What is most likely to be found on the funduscopic exam in the person with Papilledema?

Answer 8

Optic disc bulge

Question 9

Slit – lamp examination

Answer 9

Evaluation of anterior Eye structures including cornea, conjunctiva, sclera, and Iris

Question 10

Snellen chart

Answer 10

General vision acuity screen

Question 11

Amsler grid test

Answer 11

Early detection of macular degeneration

Question 12

Tonometry

Answer 12

Measurements of intraocular pressure, glaucoma screening test

Question 13

What is most likely to be found on the funduscopic exam in a person with trauma, hypersensitive retinopathy or diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 13

Hemorrhagic lesions

Question 14

What is the etiology of presbyopia?

Answer 14

Hardening of the lens

Question 15

What is the etiology of senile cataracts?

Answer 15

Lens clouding

Question 16

What are the results of senile cataracts?

Answer 16

Progressive vision dimming, distance vision problems, close vision usually retained and often initially improves

Question 17

What are the risk factors of senile cataracts?

Answer 17

Tobacco use, poor nutrition, sun exposure, and systemic corticosteroids therapy

Question 18

What is the etiology of open – angle glaucoma?

Answer 18

Painless, gradual onset of increased intraocular pressure leading to optic atrophy

Question 19

What are the results of open – angle Glaucoma?

Answer 19

Loss of peripheral vision if untreated, avoidable with appropriate and ongoing intervention

Question 20

What is the ideology of angle – closure glaucoma?

Answer 20

Sudden increase in intraocular pressure

Question 21

What is the result of angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 21

Usually unilateral, acutely red, painful eye with vision change including halos around lights; eyeball when compared to other

Question 22

What is the etiology of age related maculopathy (macular degeneration)?

Answer 22

Thickening, sclerotic changes and retinal basement membrane complex

Question 23

What is the result of age related maculopathy (macular degeneration)?

Answer 23

• Painless vision changes including distortion of central vision.
• on funduscopic examination, drusen (soft yellow deposits in the macular region) often visible

Question 24

What is the etiology of anosmia, hyposmia?

Answer 24

Neural degeneration

Question 25

What are the results of anosmia, hyposmia?

Answer 25

Diminish sense of smell, with resulting decline in fine taste discrimination

Question 26

What is the etiology of presbycusis?

Answer 26

Loss of the 8th cranial nerve sensitivity

Question 27

What is the result of presbycusis?

Answer 27

Difficulty with conversation in noisy environment. Person can hear but cannot understand what it said.

Question 28

What is the etiology of cerumen impaction?

Answer 28

Conductive hearing loss.

Question 29

What is the result of cerulean impaction?

Answer 29

General diminution of hearing.