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Pradeepa's notes > Eyes, Ears, Nose + Skin > Flashcards

Eyes, Ears, Nose + Skin Flashcards

1
Q

glaucoma

A

most common form = open angle glaucoma

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2
Q

open angle glaucoma

A

due to restricted drainage of aqueous humour through trabecular meshwork -> ocular hypotension

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3
Q

open angle glaucoma tx

A

-prostaglandin analogues (latanoprost, taflupost, travoprost, bimatropost)
-if initial x work then topical bblocker = betaxolol, levobunolol, timolol
-if ^ x work then carbonic arhydrasse inhibitor = brinzolamide or dorzolamide
-brimonidine + pilocarpine can also be used

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4
Q

prostaglandin analogues

A

-dry eyes
-ocular discomfort
-changes to eye colour
-hyperpigmentation of peri-ocular skin
-darkening, thickening + lengthening of eyelashes

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5
Q

otitis media

A

-1st line amox
-2nd line (worsening depsite 2/3DY of tx) = co-amox
-penicillin allergy = clarithromycin (erytho = pregn)

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6
Q

otitis externa

A

-1st line = topical acetic acid 2%
-2ns line = topical neomycin sulphate + corticosteroid
-if systemic = fluclox

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7
Q

nasal rhinitis + congestion

A
  • rhinitis = nasal sprays/drops
    ->NaCl, antihistamines, corticosteroids, ipratropium, xylomezoline
    –> only 7DY can be used in pregn (<systemic absorption)
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8
Q

nasal polyps

A

-review by ENT specialist
-use nasal corticosteroids

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9
Q

nasal staphylococci

A

-naseptin (pesuritis) or mupirocin

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10
Q

scabies

A

red spots with sliverly interlinking lines usually in webbings of fingers of toes

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11
Q

scabies tx

A

-apply malathion or perimethrin TWICE 1 week apart
-apply to whole body incl scalp, neck, face + ears
-tx all members of family
-avoid physical contact

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12
Q

headlice

A

live moving lice with white eggs distributed

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13
Q

wet combing

A

comb for 30 mins at 4-day intervals till no lice found for 3 sessions min 2WK

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14
Q

headlice DIMETICONE

A

apply for 8HR to dry naturally * repeat after 7DY

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15
Q

headlice malathion

A

-apply for 12HR to dry naturally * repeat after 7DY
-avoid in severe ezcema or asthma due to alcohol content

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16
Q

headlice benzyl benzoate + permethrin

A

x recommendd

17
Q

headlice MHRA

A

-some preparations = flammable

18
Q

eczema

A

-dry flaky skin = small red spots

19
Q

eczema main types

A

-irritant
-allergic/contact
-atopic

20
Q

eczema tx

A

-emollients either to apply as bath + shower emollients
->avoid aqueous cream due to skin reaction risk
-topical corticosteroids (mild-face/genital)
-antihistamine (x atopic)
-mild to moderate = pimercolimus
-mod-severe = tacrolimus

21
Q

severe refractory eczema

A

-systemic meds - ciclosporin, azathioprine, myclophenate mofetil, MoAbs

22
Q

psoriasis

A

-skin thickening + slivery white scaling, raised + larger patches plaques
-systemic, immune mediated inflammatory skin (joints) disease

23
Q

psoriasis tx

A

-emollients
-topical corticosteroids
-coal tar preparations
-vit D (topical/analogues)
-when topical tx x work
->phototherapy UVA/UVB through trained professionals
-systemic tx = methotrexate, ciclosporin, acitretin (2nd)

24
Q

mild topical corticosteroids

A

hydrocortisone

25
Q

moderate topical corticosteroids

A

clobetasone

25
Q

potent topical corticosteroids

A

bethamethasone

26
Q

v. potent topical

A

clobetasol

27
Q

topical corticosteroids cautions

A

-prolonged use - skin thinning
-apply thinly
-x broken skin

28
Q

isotretinoin

A
  • MHRA - erectile dysfunction
  • MHRA - PPI teratogenic
    ->contraception taken 1MT before + 1MT after
    ->each prescription = 3ODY
29
Q

isotretinoin risks

A

-neuropsychiatric reactions = medical attention for mood changes
-avoid sunlight, UV light, laser tx, dermabrasion, epilation

30
Q

acne less severe tx

A

-adapalene
-benzoyl peroxide
-clindamycin
-lyme/doxycycline
-erythromycin

31
Q

dandruff

A

-seborrheic dermatitis
-> tx = antimicrobials = pyrithionezinc, selenium, tar extracts
- more persistent/severe = ketoconazole shampoo
-psoarisis of scalp = coal tar + salicylic acid

32
Q

hisutism

A

-hormonal or due to drugs
-weight less = less in women
-can tx with laser, eflormtheine, or co-cyprindiol

33
Q

alopecia

A

finasteride or minoxidol

Pradeepa's notes (12 decks)

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