eyewitness tesitmony

Question 1

leading question

Answer 1

questions that imply a specific answer

Question 2

eyewitness testimony

Answer 2

evidence given by witnesses in a crime/accident

Question 3

post-event discussion

Answer 3

when recall of an event is influenced by a second-party opinion

Question 4

what did loftus and palmer do to test misleading information?

Answer 4

showed 45 ppts of a film of a car accident and asked “how fast was the car going before it hit each other?”. using different verbs for each group.

Question 5

what was the verb with the highest and lowest speed?

Answer 5

contacted with 32mph and smashed with 41 mph

Question 6

what did gabbert et al do to test post event discussion?

Answer 6

videos of crimes shot in different perspectives where shown to pairs of ppts

Question 7

the results for gabbert et al?

Answer 7

71% of the ppts who were allowed to discuss the events said things that were not shown in the video. compared to 0%

Question 8

what did gabber et al find?

Answer 8

witnesses will change their statement to match other witnesses to gain social approval

Question 9

weapon focus effect

Answer 9

witnesses are distracted by the weapon held by the criminal

Question 10

what did johson and scott do?

Answer 10

tested effect of anxiety on EWT by placing naive ppts outside a lab exposed to two types of conversations

Question 11

what was the two conversations?

Answer 11

1. normal convo about a equipment failure, man walks out with greasy hands and a pen
2. breaking glass and furniture knocking over, man walks out with a knife covered in blood

Question 12

results for johnson and scott?

Answer 12

asked to identify the man from 50 pictures
1. 49% accuracy with man with pen
2. 33% accuracy with man with knife

Question 13

strengths of effect on EWT

Answer 13

research led to real life applications, development of cognitive interview

Question 14

weakenesses of effect on EWT

Answer 14

1. most studies are unethical
2. lab studies - ppts aware that there is a lack of consequences in the evidence they give

Question 15

4 steps to cognitive interview

Answer 15

1. context reinstatement
2. recall everything
3. change perspective
4. reverse order

Question 16

context reinstatement

Answer 16

mentally returning to the scene - triggers contextual cues

Question 17

recall everything

Answer 17

recalling even the irrelavant details

Question 18

changed perspective

Answer 18

recalling the events again but from a different pov - disrupts schemas

Question 19

reverse order

Answer 19

disrupts schemas again

Question 20

strengths of CI

Answer 20

kohken et al. combined data from 55 studies comparing CI and standard interview
- 41% increased in accuracy

Question 21

weaknesses of CI

Answer 21

kohken et al. found that there was an increase in the amount of inaccurate info presented for CI
- quantity over qulity

Question 22

weakness of CI

Answer 22

takes longer time and is expensive to set up the CI
- training the officers
- not realistic