Eyewitness testimony

Question 1

Misleading information

Answer 1

Leading questions + post event discussion

Question 2

Leading questions

Answer 2

directs respondant to particular answer

Question 3

Loftus + Palmer pt 1 leading questions

Answer 3

ppts watched car crash video
- asked ques about speed of car
- smashed 40.8mph
- contacted 31.8mph

Question 4

Loftus + Palmer pt 2 leading questions

Answer 4

same
but control of no question
week later asked if there was broken glass
smashed = 32%
hit = 14%
no question = 12%

Question 5

Post event diccussion

Answer 5

when witnesses discuss what they’ve seen with each other before EWT

Question 6

Gabbert post event discussion

Answer 6

ppt watch video of crime from different POV then discuss w each other afterwards
-71% mistakenly recalled/ 0% control

Question 7

Misleading information AO3 good

Answer 7

Realistic Material
Impact on legal system

Question 8

Misleading Information AO3 -

Answer 8

Lab experiment
- low ecological validity
- know there are no serious implications if recall wrong info so have low stress

Question 9

Anxiety

Answer 9

Negative impact or postive impact on recall

Question 10

Anxiety Negative Impact on Recall

Answer 10

Anxiety means high arousal in the body which can stop us from paying attention to important cues

Question 11

Study on negative impact of anxiety on recall

Answer 11

Johnson and Scott

Question 12

Johnson and Scott

Answer 12

Ppt in waiting room hear heated discussion. Either see man emerge with pen or a bloody knife
49% pen ppts identified man
36% knife ppts identified man

Question 13

Negative impact of anxiety on recall A03 good

Answer 13

Valentine + Mesout
Heart monitors on ppts in London Dungeons
High anxiety less accurate in identifying target person

Question 14

Negative impact of anxiety on recall A03 bad

Answer 14

Pickel
Weapon focus is due to surprise not anxiety
Identification of criminal worse when raw chicken in hairdressers not scissors

Question 15

Positive impact of anxiety on recall

Answer 15

Fight or flight means you are more alert and therefore pay more attention to important cues

Question 16

Positive impact of anxiety on recall study

Answer 16

Yuille and Cutshall

Question 17

Yuille and Cutshall

Answer 17

13 ppt present at real murder in shop
interviewed 5 months later + compared to previous EWT

Those who claimed to be more stressed had better recall than low stress

Question 18

Postive impact of anxiety on recall A03 good

Answer 18

Christianson + Hubinette
interviewed bank robbery witnesses - high anxitey (direct victim) had more accurate recall

Question 19

Positive impact of anxiety on recall A03 bad

Answer 19

Lack of control over confounding variables as interviewed a long time after robbery so post event dicsussion may impact recall

Question 20

Yerkes-Dodson Curve

Answer 20

Point of optimal performance is where your arousal is neither too low or too high