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Question 1

Nativist

Answer 1

Born with self-consciousness

Question 2

Empiricist

Answer 2

Environmental factors through learning and experience

Learning through general information processing

Question 3

Both nativist and empirist agree on

Answer 3

naive psychology

Question 4

Meltzoff(1995) study with 18 month olds

Answer 4

Baby tried helping human to put cap on pen but not mechanical arm because it understands humans have intentions not inanimate objects

Question 5

Fear of strangers:

Answer 5

5-7 months

Question 6

separation anxiety

Answer 6

8 months

Question 7

social smile

Answer 7

6-7 weeks

Question 8

first negative emotion that appears

Answer 8

distress

Question 9

social referencing

Answer 9

9-10 months
-see if something is safe from reaction of others

Question 10

laughter

Answer 10

3-4 months

Question 11

anger

Answer 11

2 months

Question 12

fear

Answer 12

6-7 months

Question 13

how do infants self regulate?

Answer 13

self calming behavior(6months,sucking thumb)
self distraction(4 months, looking away)

Question 14

attachment to indivudal occurs at

Answer 14

6 months

Question 15

ferguson and waxman

Answer 15

beeping experiment, non-human language can still facilitate infants object categorization only if it’s in a communicative exchange

Question 16

david hume

Answer 16

discrete events can be combined to coherent wholes

Question 17

discrete emotions(darwin)

Answer 17

emotions are distinct from one another

each emotion is specific to a certain bodily and facial reaction

emotions are automatic(cant control)

Question 18

functionalist approach to emotions

Answer 18

emotions are affected by envrionemnt

emotions are subconscious at first but can be faked

emotions are used to promote action toward a goal

emotions are not discrete and vary based on social environment

Question 19

harry harlow

Answer 19

monkey

wanted to test if attachment based on learning theory or comfort

Question 20

bowlby

Answer 20

internal working model of attachment

Question 21

mary ainsworth strange situation

Answer 21

4 attachment styles

Question 22

self conscious emotions

Answer 22

shame,guilt,envy,embarassment,pride

Question 23

francis guest lecture

Answer 23

babies prefer helpful characters over unhelpful character

Question 24

francis guest lecture: morality is infleunced by

Answer 24

language,culture, teaching from adults, personal experience

Question 25

between person attachmenton temperament

Answer 25

Thomas and Chess:infants categorized by easy,difficult,slow to warm up

Question 26

within person attachment

Answer 26

mary rothbart(6 dimensions to temperament) -activity level -attention span -fearful distress -irritable distress -positive affect -effortful control

Question 27

rene spitz orphanage experiemnt

Question 28

quality time at daycare

Answer 28

poor quality time at daycare can lead to insecure attachment even with good care at home

Question 29

what attachment looks diff across cultures

Answer 29

insecure attachment looks diff across cultures where as secure attachment looks the same this is because of cultural differences and what infants are taught

Question 30

contributions of nature to attachment

Answer 30

Biology: dopamine serotonin oxytocin

Question 31

oxytocin receptor

Answer 31

Variation of oxytocin gene receptor (OXTR) AA AND AG alleles more likely to be secure attachment

Question 32

Freuds psychosexual development

Answer 32

everyhitng is about desire and sexual pleasure

Question 33

stage theory

Answer 33

each stage focused on a body part as a source of pleasure(oral stage,anal stage)

Question 34

Johnsons ball experiment

Answer 34

expectations of what mama ball does to baby ball should be equivalent to the child’s style of attachment

Question 35

core knowledge:

Answer 35

If you give certain properties to inanimate objects, babies will view them as animate objects

Question 36

Sarah hardy

Answer 36

alloparenting, we attach to multiple people

Question 37

How does infant develop sense of self?

Answer 37

Undesrantding movement of your own body parts(mobile task) Infants prefer people who imitate them Infants experience on the effect of their own environment:Joint attention 2 year old recognizes themselves in photos and shows self conscious emotions separation anxiety

Question 38

tomm theory of mind(nativists)

Answer 38

Certain areas of the brain are consistently active in representing beliefs across different tasks and that the areas are different from those involved in other complex cognitive processes

Question 39

theory of mind empiricist

Answer 39

Some emphasis role of learning from experiences wit physical situations and with other people Some emphasize growth of general information processing skills

Question 40

Between 12-18 months pretend play emerges:children create new symbolic relations

Question 41

object substitution

Answer 41

ignoring many of a play object’s characteristics so that they can pretend its something else

Question 42

infants perceive causal connection in some physical events by

Answer 42

6 months

Question 43

Major factor is infants acquire sense of space independent of their own location is

Answer 43

self locomotion

Question 44

Childrens emotional development is influenced by

Answer 44

parents Emotional socialization:direct and indirect influence that parents have on their childrens standards,values, and ways of thinking and feeling

Question 45

eeg activiation of frontal lobe

Answer 45

Activation of left frontal lobe is associated with approach behavior,positive affect, exploration, and sociability Activation of right frontal lobe linked to withdrawal, state of uncertainty, fear, and anxiety

Question 46

Active child theme

Answer 46

childs temperamental characteristic can affect their environments and their parents behavior

Question 47

Goodness of fit

Answer 47

how well a child's temperament matches demands of a particular context

Question 48

Differential susceptibility

Answer 48

same temperament characteristic that puts some children at high risk for negative outcomes when exposed to a harsh home environment also leads them to blossom when home environment are positive

Question 49

most children are able to distinguish themselves and other by both gender and age

Answer 49

15 months