F. DRUGS IN SPORT Flashcards
(41 cards)
what are the 8 anti-doping rule violations
- prohibited substance/metabolites/markers in athlete’s sample
- use or attempted use or a prohibited substance or prohibited method
- refusing or failing to submit sample
- violation of availability for out-of-competition testing
- tampering or attempted tampering with any part of doping control
- possession of prohibited substances and prohibited methods
- trafficking or attempted trafficking in any prohibited substance or prohibited method
- administration or attempted administration to any athlete in-competition of any prohibited method or prohibited substance (medical staff)
what is doping
- occurrence of 1 or more anti-doping rule violations
what can cause a ban and stripping of medals
- committing one of the ADRVs
what are the 3 sections of the WADA prohibited list
- substances and methods prohibited at all times
- substances and methods prohibited in competition (ie Olympic Games, World Cup)
- substances prohibited in particular sports
how often is the WADA prohibited list updated
annually
- 2024 list released 1/10/2023
- 2024 list in effect from 1/1/2024
categories for substances and methods prohibited at all times
S0 - Non-approved substances
S1 - Anabolic agents
S2 - Peptide hormones, growth factors, related substances and mimetics
S3 - Beta-2 agonists
S4 - Hormone and metabolic modulators
S5 - Diuretics and other masking agents
M1 - Manipulation of blood and blood components
M2 - Chemical and physical manipulation
M3 - Gene and cell doping
examples of S0 - Non-approved substances
- shouldn’t be seen anyways
- no approval by any governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use (ie MHRA)
- drugs under pre-clinical/clinical development
- designer drugs
- discontinued drugs
- substances approved only for veterinary use
examples of S1 - Anabolic agents
- testosterone
- stanozolol
examples of S2 - Peptide hormones, growth factors, related substances and mimetics
EPO, goserelin
examples of S3 - Beta-2 agonists
- salbutamol
- formoterol
- salmeterol
exemptions to S3 list for asthma
- inhaled salbutamol: max 1600 micrograms over 24 hours in divided doses. Can’t exceed 600 micrograms over 8 hours starting from any dose
- inhaled formoterol: max delivered dose of 54 micrograms over 24 hours
- inhaled salmeterol: max 200 micrograms over 24 hours
- inhaled vilanterol: max 25 micrograms over 24 hours
examples of S4 - hormone and metabolic mimetics
- letrezole
- anastrezole
- exemestane
- clomifene
- tamoxifen
- insulins
examples of S5 - diuretics and other masking agents
- furosemide
- spironolactone
- amiloride
*gets prohibited drugs out of body quicker
example of M1 - Manipulation of blood and blood components
- taking own blood out then inserting before competition to boost RBCs
- administrationor reintroduction of any quantity of autologous, allogenic (homologous) or heterologous blood, orredblood cell products of any origin into the circulatory system
- artificially enhancing the uptake, transport or delivery of oxygen. Including, but not limited to:Perfluorochemicals; efaproxiral (RSR13) and modified haemoglobin products, e.g. haemoglobin-based blood substitutes and microencapsulated haemoglobin products, excluding supplemental oxygen by inhalation
- any form of intravascular manipulation of the blood or blood components by physical orchemical means
example of M2 - Chemical and physical manipulation
- artificially enhancing uptake of oxygen using modified haemoglobin
- tampering, orattempting totamper,to alter the integrity and validity ofsamplescollected duringdoping control.Including, but not limited to:Samplesubstitution and/or adulteration, e.g. addition of proteases tosample
- intravenous infusions and/or injections of more than a total of 100 mL per 12-hour periodexceptfor those legitimately received in the course of hospital treatments, surgical procedures or clinical diagnostic investigations
example of M3 - Gene and cell doping
- using medicines to alter gene expression
- ie: over-expression of genes that produce fast muscle twitch fibres for a runner
- use of nucleic acids or nucleic acid analogues that may alter genome sequences and/ or alter gene expression by any mechanism. This includes but is not limited to gene editing, gene silencing and gene transfer technologies
- the use of normal or genetically modified cells
categories for substances and methods prohibited in competition
S6 – Stimulants
S7 – Narcotics
S8 – Cannabinoids
S9 – Glucocorticoids
(all glucocorticoids prohibited when administered by oral, IV, IM, rectal route)
examples of S6 - stimulants
- ecstasy
- cocaine
- adrenaline
- ephedrine
- pseudoephedrine (only if concentration in urine is >150 micrograms per mL, different for each patient due to different PKs)
- methylphenidate
what S6 substances are in the 2024 monitoring program
- bupropion
- caffeine
- nicotine
- phenylephrine
- phenylpropanolamine
- pipradrol
- synephrine
when is caffeine prohibited
when its concentration in urine is greater than 5 micrograms per millilitre
when is ephedrine and methylephedrine prohibited
when the concentration of either in urine is greater than 10 micrograms per millilitre
when is epinephrine (adrenaline) not prohibited
in local administration, e.g. nasal, ophthalmologic, or co-administration with local anaesthetic agents
when is pseudoephedrine prohibited
when its concentration in urine is greater than 150 micrograms per millilitre
examples of S7 - Narcotics
- tramadol
