F&E Flashcards
Where is 2/3 of the body’s fluid held?
Within the cells
What is diffusion?
Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration
Does not require energy
What is osmosis?
The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane
Moves lower particle concentration to higher particle concentration
Does not require energy
What is osmotic pressure?
The pressure exerted on a semipermeable membrane by osmosis
Pressure needed to create equilibrium
What is filtration?
Movement of fluid and small particles due to hydrostatic pressure
No energy
What is active transport?
Movement of particles from an area of LOW concentration to an area of HIGH concentration
Against concentration gradient
Requires energy
What is fluid osmolality?
Number of dissolved particles per unit of water
What is isotonic?
The same concentration as plasma
NS (0.9% NaCl)
RL or LR
What is hypotonic?
Less concentrated than plasma ½ NS (0.45% NaCl) 1/3 NS (0.33% NaCl) Given to people who are dehydrated Given so fluid will move from blood vessels into cells
What is hypertonic?
More concentrated than plasma D5NS D5RL 3% NaCl - Put concentrated solution into blood vessels -> pull fluid out of cells and into blood vessels
What is normal Na+ level?
135-145
What is normal K+ level?
3.5-5.5
What is normal Ca++ level?
8.5-10.5
What is normal Mg+ level?
1.5-2.5
What is normal Cl- level?
96-106
What is normal HCO3- level?
22-26
What is normal Ph- level?
2.7-4.5
What is third spacing?
A shift of ECF into a body space where it becomes trapped
Accumulation of fluid where fluid is not normally accumulated
Can third spacing be precisely measured?
No
What is an ascite?
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
What are symptoms of hyponatremia?
restlessness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, seizures
What are symptoms of hypernatremia?
confusion, restlessness, weakness, lethargy
What are symptoms of hypokalemia?
rhythm disturbance, hypotension, constipation
What are symptoms of hyperkalemia?
cardiac arrest, numbness, weakness
