F&E & Bones Flashcards

Question

posterior pituitary gland

Answer 1

focus on holding and letting go of water

Answer 2

regulates na by releasing aldosterone

Answer 3

increase in hydrostatic pressure decrease in plasma oncotic pressure increase in capillary permeability obstructions of lymph channels

Answer 4

venous obstruction na and water retention seen in heart failure

Answer 5

loss or decrease in plasma albumin

Answer 6

inflammation immune response burns,ca, crushing injury, allergic reaction

Answer 7

tumors inflammation surgical removal

Answer 8

pleural effusion- fluid around lungs

Answer 9

pericardial effusion- fluid around heart

Answer 10

ascites- in liver pt

Answer 11

peripheral edema

Answer 12

pressure injury- lack of circulation infections- fluid can have bacteria

Answer 13

brain, lungs, larynx

Answer 14

swells, goes in

Answer 15

shrinks, goes out

Answer 16

fluid overload

Answer 17

dehydration free water loss diabetes insipidous hypernatremia hyperglycemia stroke head injury renal tubular necrosis

Answer 18

fluid volume excess siadh renal failure hyponatremia overhydration

Answer 19

replace fluid loss

Answer 20

sugar water isotonic outside cell hypotonic inside cells

Answer 21

diabetic pt hypernatremia head trauma pt

Answer 22

blood administration

Answer 23

chf pulmonary edema renal impairment

Answer 24

ns with k ca and na

Answer 25

dehydration, na depletion and gi loss

Answer 26

goes inside the cell,swells osmolarity is lower than serum <280

Answer 27

1/2 ns 0.33 ns 1/4 ns 2,5 dextrose

Answer 28

icp cva head trauma burns liver disease

Answer 29

acid base imbalances tpn repair electrolytes

Answer 30

d5ns d5 1/2 ns d5 1/4 ns d5Lr d10w

Answer 31

large molecules that do not dissolve and pass through a membrane

Answer 32

give volume

Answer 33

pulling fluid into blood stream

Answer 34

increase in bp sob dyspnea bounding pulse fluid overload anaphylaxis

Answer 35

neck vein distention increase bp respiratory distress

Answer 36

circulating bv

Answer 37

vomiting dehydration trauma burns diuretics

Answer 38

dry mucous membranes excessive thirst hypotension thready pulse drak urine

Answer 39

hr increases

Answer 40

oral rehydration increaseing fluid intake iv hydration increasing

Answer 41

overloading circulatory system with excessive iv fluids

Answer 42

rapid infussion rate hepatic cardiac or renal disease more common in elderly pts

Answer 43

edema weight gain palpable veins crackles pulmonary edema increased bp jvd periorbital edema decreased lab values

Answer 44

infuse ivf via pump monitor pt closely

Answer 45

decrease iv rate monitor vs high fowlers notify md

Answer 46

blood volume ph balance bp

Answer 47

adh- water retention aldosterone- water and na retention sodium potassium pump

Answer 48

nona na excretion increases-suction overload of fluid na intake inadequate antidiuretic hormone oversecretion

Answer 49

salt loss seizures abd cramping lethargic tendon reflex loss of urine orthostatic hypotension shallow respirations spasms of muscles

Answer 50

na replacement po,iv,ng tube **<12 meq/l in 24 hours **hypertonic fluid loop diuretics

Answer 51

gi manifestations precautions seizure oral hygiene monitor neuro changes monitor labs **I&o **daily weight

Answer 52

lithiem due to urinary sodium loss

Answer 53

high salt hypercortisolism- Cushings increased intake of na gi feeding without water supplement hypertonic fluids sodium excretion decreases-corticosteroids aldosterone high loss of fluid thirst impairment

Answer 54

fried fever restlessness increased fluid retention edema decrease urine output

Answer 55

monitor neuro changes and cerebral edema hypotonic solution- d5w, 0.45 ns desmopressin

Answer 56

monitor fluid loss/gain neuro precautions offer fluids

Answer 57

influences skeletal and cardiac muscle activity

Answer 58

kidneys aldosterone

Answer 59

bananas watermelon white beans spinach avocado sweet potato

Answer 60

ditch drugs- diuretics,laxatives,insulin inadequate k intake too much water intake cushing syndrome heavy fluid loss

Answer 61

slow and low lots of urine

Answer 62

irregular heart beat fast heart beat confusion vision changes n/v

Answer 63

k replacement iv,po 40-80 meq/day critical- 50-100 meq/day iv- 60 max

Answer 64

monitor bp and ECG monitor urine output increase k intake

Answer 65

cared cellular movement adrenal insufficiency renal failure***** excessive k intake drugs- ace,nsaids, beta blockers

Answer 66

murder muscle weakness urine production low respiratory failure decrease cardiac contractility early signs of muscle twitching rhythm changes

Answer 67

restrict k stop ace,beta blocker, nsaids monitor for digoxin toxicity kayexlate dialysis

Answer 68

ca glucagone-iv does NOT decrease k, protects heart hypetonic glucose and inculin sodium bicarb

Answer 69

monitor for weakness Do NOT draw blood above k infussion site

Answer 70

muscle and nerve function blood sugar levels immune system regulates ca

Answer 71

mg absorbed in intestine renal loss chronic alcoholism antibiotics gi loss mal absorption

Answer 72

tight airway muscle twitching n/v diarrhea irritability

Answer 73

safety with swallowing iv mg and sulfate slowly monitor respirations

Answer 74

dark chocolate avocados milk peas peaunut butter oranges nut banannas

Answer 75

antacids renal failure potassium excess

Answer 76

bradycardia hypotension shallow respirations hypoactive bowel sounds weak

Answer 77

dialysis iv ca gluconate monitor labs

Answer 78

bones and teeth

Answer 79

bones blood-clotting beats-relaxes and contracts heart

Answer 80

bound ionized complexed

Answer 81

to proteins <50%

Answer 82

found in serum, 50%

Answer 83

combined with nonprotein anions

Answer 84

activated body chemical reaction muscle contraction and relaxation promote transmission of nerve impulse cardiac contractility

Answer 85

parathyroid hormone calcitonin phosphate vit d

Answer 86

pulls when serum ca is low, pth gland releases which pulls ca from the bone and promotes the transfer of ca into your plasma promotes renal absorption stimulates the intestine

Answer 87

keeps secreted by thyroid antagonist of pth tones down ca ca levels are too high, the thyroid gland release calcitonin which lowers ca level inhibits bone to reabosorb ca

Answer 88

inverse relationship with ca

Answer 89

necessary for absorption and utliziation of cautilization

Answer 90

sun spinach tuna mushroom egg yolk tuna

Answer 91

low cal low pth oral intake low wound drainage celiac's,crohn's corticosteriods acute pancreatitis low vit d

Answer 92

cramps confusion reflexes hyperactive arrythmias muscle spams/tetany***** positive trousseau's signs of chvostek's arrhythmias

Answer 93

after after bp cuff is inflated

Answer 94

blood supply decreases pressure on nerve

Answer 95

spasm of muscles innervated by facial nerve tap facial nerve anterior to ear lobe

Answer 96

result of iodine deficiency inflammation of thyroid gland seen in hypo and hypercalcemia

Answer 97

Torsades de pointes- venticular tachycardia

Answer 98

requires ca iv never im vit d is needed bed rest monitor bp 10ca gluconate- severe ca CL-never im oral ca or vit d

Answer 99

pt at risk- thyroid surgery/issues seizure precautions monitor airways monitor ecg

Answer 100

high cal hyperparathyroid-most common increase intake of ca glucocorticoids use hyperthyroidism ca excretion with diuretics and renal failure adrenal insufficiency- lithium lithim usage- affects parathyroid Addisons

Answer 101

weak weakness of muscle ekg changes absent reflexes kidney stone formation

Answer 102

potentiate digoxin toxicity

Answer 103

treat underlying cause dilute serum ca with ns lasix iv phosphate-inverse calcitonin-im glucocorticoids hemodialysis or capd

Answer 104

monitor pt at risk- thyroid, maligant ca increase activity and fluids decrease ca intake safety measures for malignant monitor ecg, i&o, breath sounds monitor for digoxin toxicity prevent ca renal stones confusion

Answer 105

intestines

Answer 106

parathyroid and calcitonin

Answer 107

dairy meats beans nuts

Answer 108

bone and teeth formation repair cell tissues/ energy production through atp nervous system muscle function

Answer 109

malnutrition/starvation increase phosphate excretion- hyperparathyroid malignancy diuretics mg alumininum antacid use

Answer 110

decreased bp and hr hypoactive bowel sounds kidney stones altered loc severe muscle weakned bone pain/ fractures

Answer 111

increased phos intake overuse of laxatives renal insufficiency hyperparathyroid hypocalemia

Answer 112

diarrhea hyperactive bowel sounds ***trousseau's painful muscle spasms hyperactive deep tendon reflexes ***irritable skeletal m twitches, tetany

Answer 113

replace ca iv/po iv- ca gulconate 10% vit d when po tums siezure precautions

Answer 114

bone connective tissue voluntary muscle

Answer 115

protect body organs provide support and stability store minerals allow coordinated movement

Answer 116

build bone

Answer 117

break bone

Answer 118

removal of one bone by osteoclasts deposits of new bone by osteoblast

Answer 119

xray/mri arthrocentesis arthoscopy bone scan bone or muscle biopsy emg

Answer 120

handle injury areas carefully administer analgesia as prescribed remove any radiopaque and metallic objects ask pt if pregnant shield testes,ovaries and pregnancy notify pt they must lie still during scan acp must wear lead apron

Answer 121

needle aspiration used to diagnosed joint inflammation and infection aspirating synovial fluid,blood or pus via needle corticosteriods may be injected to decrease inflammation

Answer 122

ensure informed consent has been obtained administer analgesia as prescribed rest 8-24 hrs postop noticy hcp if fever/ swelling of joints occur

Answer 123

used to diagnose and treat acute and chronic disorders of joint provides endoscopic exam of various joints assessment of carilage abnormalities, loose body removal and trimming of cartilage biopsy can be preformed during arthooscopy

Answer 124

npo 8-12 hrs prior ensure consent has been obtained administer analgesics as prescribed nuerovascular assessment per policy elastic compressions 2-4 days post op wieght barring activity limited 1-4 days post op elevate and ice prn for swelling 12-24 hrs post op notify physician of fever/swelling or pain

Answer 125

past healthy history meds surgery/treatment health preception nutritional metabolic pattern activity exercise pattern sleep rest pattern coping stress pattern

Answer 126

general overview with focused exam inspection palpation motion measurement use of assistive device posture and gait straight leg raising **GOAL- ADL's

Answer 127

decrease bone density decrease muscle mass and strength decrease flexibilty functional problems

Answer 128

sprain strain dislocation subluxation

Answer 129

an injury to ligaments around a joint wrenching or twisting motion

Answer 130

few fiber tears, mild tendernouse and swelling

Answer 131

partial disruption of tissue, increased swelling or tendernous

Answer 132

complete tear with moderate to severe swelling

Answer 133

excessive stretching of muscle and fascia, may involve tendon

Answer 134

mild to slighly pulled

Answer 135

moderately torn muscle

Answer 136

severly torn or ruptured muscle

Answer 137

pain edema decreased function bruising

Answer 138

h&p xray mri cat scan

Answer 139

avulsion fracture subluxation dislocation hemathrosis

Answer 140

health promotion- warm up, stretch,balance, start gradually

Answer 141

RICE rest, ice, compression,elevation Ice 24 to 48 hrs, 20-30 min at a time compressions- elastic bandage, distal to proximal elevate- above the heart

Answer 142

self limiting rice surgical repair

Answer 143

pain deformity tendernous swelling

Answer 144

intraatricular fratures avascular necrosis

Answer 145

xray aspiration

Answer 146

complete displacement or separation of the articular surface of joint

Answer 147

partail or incomplete displacement of the joint surface

Answer 148

distal to proximal 50-70% tightness **Cap refill **decreases edema

Answer 149

disruption or break in continuity of structure of bone

Answer 150

skin broken bone exposed

Answer 151

skin intact

Answer 152

2 ends separated from one another often comminuted or oblique

Answer 153

periosteum is intact, bone is aligned transverse,spiral, greenstick

Answer 154

surrounding tissue periosteum blood vessels in cortex/marrow

Answer 155

edema pain and tendernous muscle spasm deformitity confusion loss of function crepitation- crackeling sensation gaurding

Answer 156

apprehension gaurding skin lacerations/ color changes hematoma, edema absent pulse delay cap refill paraesthesia restricted or lost function deformities rotating muscle weakness

Answer 157

1. bleeding at fractured ends of bone, hematoma forms 2. hematoma orgnaized into fibrous network- hematoma converts to granulation tissue 3. callus forms, new bone is built up as osteoclasts destroy dead bone 4. ossification of the callus 5. consolidation- callus continues to develope, closing the distance between bone fragments 6. remodeling, accomplished as excess callus is reabsorbed and trabecular bone is laid down

Answer 158

prevent or decrease pain and muscle spasm immobilized jint or body part reduced fracture or dislocation treat a pathologic joint condition pulling force to attain realignment

Answer 159

skin traction skeletal traction

Answer 160

type of skin traction sometimes used for the pt with a hip, knee, or femur fracture can be used 24-48 hrs to relief pain

Answer 161

long term pull to maintain aligment pin or wire instead into bone risk for infections maintain countertraction keep wieght off floor

Answer 162

blood clots pressure sores lost of muscle mass **Constipation

Answer 163

temporary allows pt to preform many normal adl's made of various materials typically incorporates joints above and below fracture

Answer 164

elevate extremity above heart do NOT place in an dependent position observe for signs of compartment syndrome and increase pressure

Answer 165

frquent neurovascular assessment apply ice for first 24 hrs elevate above heart for first 48 hrs exercise joints above and below use hair dryer on cool settinf for itching check with hcp before getting wet dry thoroughly after getting wet report increasing pain despite elevation,ice and analgesia report swelling associated with pain and discoloration or movement report burning or tingeling under cast report sores or foul odor under keep appt to have fx and cast checked/ removed

Answer 166

get plaster cast wet discourage pulling out cast padding place foreign objects in cast bear wieght on new cast first 48 hrs covet cast with plasic for long periods of time

Answer 167

metal pins and rods applies traction compresses fracture fragments immobilized and hold fracture fragments in place mostly used for long bones assess for pin wosening for infection pin site care- per md order pt teaching

Answer 168

essentail in optimal soft tissue and bones promotes muscle strength and tone builds endurance provides energy

Answer 169

adequate protein vit b,c,d ca mg fluid intake 2-3L/day high fiber with fruits

Answer 170

color and temp cap refill pulses edema

Answer 171

sensation and motor function pain

Answer 172

teach safety precautions advocate to decrease injury encourage moderate exercise safe environment to reduce falls ca and vit d intake

Answer 173

immonilization assistive devices expected activity limitation assure that needs will be met pain med monitor vs general principles of nursing care frequent neurovascular assessment minimize pain and discomfort monitor for bleeding and drainage

Answer 174

dependence in adl's family separation finances ability to work potential disability

Answer 175

external rotation muscle spasm shortening of the affected extremity severe pain and tendernous

Answer 176

immediate surgery immobilization- bucks traction preop care postop care ambulatory and home care

Answer 177

consider chronic health problems discharging planning analgesics or muscle relaxants comfortable positioning traction place properly

Answer 178

vs i&o monitor respiratory function encourage tcdb and is pain mangement observe dressing site and moniro bleeding neurochecks

Answer 179

use an elevated toliet seat place chair inside shower or tub and remain seated while washing use pillow between legs for 1st 6 wks after surgery when lying on nonop side or supine keep hip in neutral, straight position when sitting, walking or lying notify hcp at once if severe pain, deformities or loss of function occurs discuss personal risk factors for prostetic joint infection with hcp and dentist before dental work

Answer 180

flex hip greather than 90 adduct hip internally rotate hip cross legs at knees or ankles put on shoes or stockings without device 4-6 wks after sit on chair without arms

Answer 181

average hospitalization 3-4 days after surgery rehab or skilled nursing facility home health out pt physical therapy follow up appt preventions infection prevention pain mangement bleeding home safety

Answer 182

removal of a body extremity by trauma, disease or surgery traumatic amputations are physcally and emotionally compicated

Answer 183

physical appearance of soft tissue preexisting illness skin temp sensory function quality of perpheral pulse

Answer 184

depend on underlying reason-h&P wbc with abnormal differential vascular testing

Answer 185

special care is needed to ensure proper healing, closure without infection emotional support

Answer 186

performed to create a weight barring residual limp or stump

Answer 187

postop mangement- phantom limb sensation ambulatory and home care pt and cargiver teaching

Answer 188

infection incorrect union- arent going together necrosis- cell death

Answer 189

compartment syndrome venous thrombolism fat embolism hypovolemic shock rhabdomylosis

Answer 190

wound may or may not be closed risk increases with open fractures or soft tissue injury surgical irrigation and debridment- wound cleaned with saline lavage in or, contaminants are irrigated and mechanically removed, muscle subq fat skin and bone fragments are surgically excised

Answer 191

decreases compartment size and increase in compartment contents

Answer 192

6p's pain pressure paresthesia pallor paralysis pulselesness

Answer 193

early recognition via regular neurovascular assessment- crutial notify of pain unrelieved by drugs, and out of proportion to injury assess urine output and kidney function no elevating above heart- compromises flow no ice loosen bandage and split cast reduce traction weight surgical decompression

Answer 194

high susceptibility aggravated by inactivity of m prophylactic anticoagulant drugs antiembolism stocking sequential compression devices rom exercise

Answer 195

monitor for signs of bleeding teach pt signs of bleeding and what to do teach safe self injection of anticoagulants enourage pt to keep appt for lab testing

Answer 196

originates in the bone marrow occurs after a fracture fat globule is released into bloodstream

Answer 197

restlessness hypoxia mental status change dyspnea tachycardia hypotension

Answer 198

gradual loss of articular cartilage formation of osteophytes at joint margins **not a part of aging** cartilage destruction occurs articular surface crackeled and worn formation of osteophytes inflammation and thickening of capsule and synovium capsule central cartillage is thinner, edges are thicker bones rub together in later stages causing pain

Answer 199

age menopause obesity anterior cruciate ligament frequent kneeling and stooping smoking possible genetic link

Answer 200

inital injury attempts at cartillage repair stimulates cartillage degradation outgrowth and hyperplasia

Answer 201

joint pain deformity nonsystemic

Answer 202

joint pain and stiffness impact on ability to perfom adls pain mangement pratices assess affected joints

Answer 203

bone scan,ct scan, mri xray no specific lab synovial fluid analysis

Answer 204

mangaing pain and inflammation preventing disabilty maintaining/ improving joint function

Answer 205

balance rest and activity modify activites to decrease joint stress avoid prolonged standing, kneeling, squatting addistive devices as needed

Answer 206

may help reduce pain and stiffiness ice for acute inflammation heat for stifness- hot packs, bath, ultrasound

Answer 207

if overweight, lose dietary changes as needed exercise

Answer 208

based on severity of pts s/s

Answer 209

tylenol topical agents otc cream, camphor, eucalyptus oil, menthol

Answer 210

nsaids- start low dose, increase if needed ibuprofen: 200 mg 4x a day misoprostol to decrease gi side effects arthrotec- nsaids and misoprostol together diclofenac gel celebrex

Answer 211

intraarticular corticosteriods injections 4 or more injections without relief suggest need for additional interventions, corticosteriods should NOT be given systemically hyaluronic acid injection- visculosupplementation, no longer recommend

Answer 212

for pts with loss of function, unmanaged pain, and decreased independence more common for pts with knee oa

Answer 213

maintain or improve joint function use joint protection measures achieve independence in self care and maintain optimal role function use drug and non drug strategies for satisfactory pain mangement

Answer 214

adjust home management goals eliminate rugs use railing, night lights wear well fitted shoes assisted devices

Answer 215

have adequate rest and activity achieve acceptable pain mangement maintain joint flexibilty and muscle strength through joint protection and therapeutic exercise

Answer 216

severe infection of bone, bone marrow and surrounding soft tissue

Answer 217

staphloccus aures

Answer 218

indirect entry-hematogenous- young boys, trauma, vascular insufficiency, gi and respiratory infection direct entry-open wound foreighn body presence

Answer 219

local- pain unrelieves by rest, worsens with activity swelling, tenderness, warmth restricted movement systemis- fever night sweats chills restlessness nausea malasie drainage-late-

Answer 220

bone or tissue biopsy blood or wound culture wbc erythrocyte sedimentation rate xray bone scans mri ct scans

Answer 221

aggressive prolonged iv antibiotic therapy cultures or bone biopsy before antibiotics surgical debridement and drainage of abscenss or ulcer course of iv antibiotics for 4-6 wks min may be completed at home or in skilled facility

Answer 222

surgical removal extended use of antibiotics- iv or po for 8 wks acrylic beas chains containing antibiotics intermitten or constant antibiotic irrigation of bone

Answer 223

restlessness, high temps, night sweats diaphoresis, erythema, warmth, edema restricted movement, wound drainage, spontaneous fractures increased wbc, positive cultres, increased esr

Answer 224

control infections already in body susceptible adults- immunocompromised, wear orthopedic prosthetic devies, have vascular infufficiencies intruct regarding local and systemis manifestations

Answer 225

immobilization and careful handeling of affected limbs assess and treat pain dressing care proper positioning to prevent complications of immobility

Answer 226

chronic progressive metabolic bone disease marked by low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue that leads to increased bone fragility more common in women ***breaking down faster than building up

Answer 227

low estrogen(F) low testosterone(M) low exercise low calcium, vit d

Answer 228

lower ca intake less bone mass bone resorption begins earlier and becomes more rapid at menopause pregnancy and breastfeeding

Answer 229

advancing age->65 females low body weight white/ asians current cigarrette smokers nontraumatic fracture sedentary lifestyle post menopausal family history diet low in ca, vit d deficiency excessive use of alcohol low testosterone in men ****Steriods

Answer 230

back pain spontaneous fractures gradual loss of hieght dowagers hump- kypnosis

Answer 231

inital bone density test in women >65 repeat in 15 yrs if normal earlier and more frequent if high risk currently no definitive screening info for men

Answer 232

h&p xray bone mineral density- quantitative ultrasound, dual energy xray

Answer 233

nutrition ca supplements exercise prevention of fractures drug therapy

Answer 234

milk yogurt turnip greens cottage cheese icecream sardines spinach

Answer 235

utilize arm rest in chair wear appropriate foot wear take time when ambulating and turning corners- slow and in control

Answer 236

drag walker, lift up and move grab handels to pull self up, push off armrest or bed

Answer 237

15-30 degrees elbow flex, AT WRIST hold with UNAFFECTED extremity stair use: up with good, down with bad

Answer 238

wear appropriate footwear take time when ambulating and turning corniners- slow and in control

Answer 239

15-30 degree elbow flex 2-3 fingers width under armpits stair use: up with good, down with bad

Answer 240

take time when ambulating and turning corners- slow and in control wear appropriate footwear

Answer 241

lean on crutch swing through rapidly

Answer 242

continually check peripheral neurovascular promote good blood flow assess for skin breakdown

Answer 243

keep extremity in dependent position leg fingers fall in dependent position fasten too tight

Answer 244

assess skin prior to placement use with caution in pts with abd surgery/ injury, breast ca/ radiation, spine/back problems use proper lift technique

Answer 245

leave on pt place too tightly

Answer 246

maintain or increase bone strength

Answer 247

drugs that decrease bone reabosrption drugs that increase bone formation

Answer 248

reducing osteoclast

Answer 249

estrogen raloxifen biphosphonates calicionin denosumab

Answer 250

selective estrogen receptr modulators structurally similar to estrogen and binds to estrogen receptors reduces bone resorption

Answer 251

osteoporosis breast ca may decrease risk of cardiovascular event

Answer 252

venous thromboembolism fetal harm hot flashes

Answer 253

inhibits bone reabsorption

Answer 254

anorexia weight loss gastritis

Answer 255

take with full glass of water take 30 min before food remain upright for at least 30 min --these precautions decrease gi upset and increase absorption

Answer 256

inhibiting osteoclast decreases bone resorpition

Answer 257

via im at night to minimize side effects via nostrils for nasal form

Answer 258

ca supplement

Answer 259

1st in class receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa b ligana used in post menopausal women and men at risk for fractures subq every 6 months mangement of pts recieving corticosteriods

Answer 260

form of pth produced by recombinant dna only drug that increases bone formation stops osteoclast

Answer 261

nausea headache back pain leg cramps increase rick of osteosarcoma

Answer 262

most widely used antibiotic treats osteomyelitis/ infectiolns beta lactam antibiotics similar to penicillin structure usually given im or iv toxicity is low

Answer 263

binds to penicillin binding proteins, disrupt cell wall sythesis, cause celllysis most effective against undergoing active growth

Answer 264

3rd and 4th

Answer 265

cefoperazone

Answer 266

cephalosporins

Answer 267

probenecid alcohol drugs that promote bleeding ca ceftriazone

Answer 268

allergic reaction bleeding thrombophlebitis

Answer 269

inhibit cell wall sythesis

Answer 270

severe infections ONLY methicillin-resistant straphylococcus aureus or staphloccocs epidermidis oral dose used for c diff if metronidazole was use and didn't work

Answer 271

ototoxicvity **Red man syndrome- due to rapid infussion of histamine, treated with topical agents thrombophlebitis- common thrombocytopenia- rare

Answer 272

gentamicin, tobramycin narrow spectrum antibiotics use: aerobic gram negarive bacili can cause serious injusry to inner ear and kidney not absorbed in gi tract microbial resistance

Answer 273

nephrotoxicity ototoxicity hypersensitivity reaction neuromuscular blockade blood dycrasias

Answer 274

penicillin

Answer 275

single large dose or 2-3 smaller dose monitor serum level peak levels must be high enought to kill bacteria trough levels must be low enough to minimize toxicity

Answer 276

health is a state of complete physical mental and social well being, not merely the absence of disease and infirmity **Mange health than illness

Answer 277

the action or activities of supplying or providing services to maintain health, detect illness and cure those who are ill or injured

Answer 278

promoting delivery of holistic consumer centered care and optimal health outcomes throughout the life span

Answer 279

basic care for all citizens health policies that support safe effective pt centered timely efficient and fair care based on outcome research shift from illness and disease case to health promotion balance between high tech tratment and community based and preventitve service

Answer 280

uninsured: pt are more likely to delay treatment cost: reduce costs while maintaining high quality care assess: improve access for all pts health: encourage healthy behavior service: earlier discharge result in more pts needing nursing homes new milennium: buissness orientation of health care result in a conflict care and profit

Answer 281

employer pays all or a portion of cost increasingly employee, employer pay portions of the cost extend to spouse, dependent, and partner

Answer 282

over 65 y/o disabled

Answer 283

medicare advange plan

Answer 284

mom and kids nursing home care

Answer 285

united way salvage army red cross provide important resources

Answer 286

1. preventative 2. primary 3. secondary 4. tertiary 5. restorative 6. quanternary

Answer 287

dr office nurse managed clinics schools community health centers focus: health promotion and illness prevention, immunizations, health programs, nutrition education

Answer 288

hospitals: medsurg, surgical unit, mom and baby unit focus: early diagnosis and treatment, prevention of worsening

Answer 289

specialized unit: icu, oncology, burn center, psychiatric facilities focus: specialized pt population

Answer 290

specialized pts: nicu, transplant cells, stem cell

Answer 291

starts on admission includes: begining the process of meeting pt needs while in hospital, determine discharge destination, identify post discharge needs, developing discharge instruction

Answer 292

fewer complications fewer readmission improved outcomes

Answer 293

ineffective communication: professional to professional, professional to pt lack of role clarity: responsible, follow up loack of resources: rehab beds, nursing home beds

Answer 294

clearly communicate the plan of care to pts family and health care team change of shift verbal and written consent clarify roles

Answer 295

skilled nursing facilities rehab centers home health centers focus: severs pts recovering from an acute/chronic illness/disability helps individual regain max function and enhance quality of life

Answer 296

focus: prolonged care for pts disabled functionally dependent terminal disease

Answer 297

focus: longterm care homelike environment greater pt autonomy no fee caps

Answer 298

focus: short term relief for caregivers settings: home, day care, insitution for overnight care

Answer 299

focus: provide a variety of health and social services to pt who live alone or with family may or may not be associated with a hospital or nursing home

Answer 300

focus: family center care that allows pt to live with comfort focus on symptoms not cure

Answer 301

physicians: primary care, specialist, hospitalist mid level practioners: np, crna, cnm,cns, pa

Answer 302

cna pca unit secretaries

Answer 303

rn lvn lpn

Answer 304

pharmacists therapist: respiratory, physical, occupation, speech

Answer 305

social workers case managers resistered dieticians spiritual

Answer 306

evs food and nutrition security

Answer 307

assits with meds, housing, transportation, and financial

Answer 308

develop, implements and review health care plans

Answer 309

interaction between the pt and nurse ex: administering meds, dressing changes, pt edcuation

Answer 310

working on behalf of pts to better their health status ex: doccumenting, care plans, verifing supplies

Answer 311

health promotion illness prevention health resoration end of life care

Answer 312

ensure consistency of care over time provide individualized care according to pt needs verify that quality care is provided collaborate with the interdisciplinary healthcare team for optimal pt outcomes

Answer 313

total pt care case method funcitonal team primary differentiated

Answer 314

rn is assigned pts to whom a nurse provides ALL aspects of nursing rn has full picture of situation higher accountability fewer check and balance to prevent errors can feel isolating

Answer 315

utilized in spcialty areas one to one care: L&D ICU

Answer 316

compartmentalized each care giver completes task most efficient during times of staffing challenges can lead to fragmentation

Answer 317

rn paired with an lvn, cna, or nap, caring for a group of pts rn cares for the higher acuity pts can be efficient during staffing challendes

Answer 318

one rn manages care for a grp of pts establishing a plan of care for each pt when an rn is off shift, associated rn carry out plan of care

Answer 319

a variation of primary nurse individual nurses put together a portfolio to demonstrate their expertise and competencies pts are assigned accordingly to the best nurse for team

F&E & Bones Flashcards

(374 cards)