F. Ethico-Moral Foundations of Client Education

Question 1

___ refers to the guiding principles of behavior

Answer 1

Ethics

Question 2

___ refers to norms or standards of behavior accepted by the society to which a person belongs

Answer 2

Ethical

Question 3

___ refer to an internal belief system (what one believes to be right)

Answer 3

Moral values

Question 4

___ are a “specific type of moral conflict in which two or more ethical principles apply but support mutually inconsistent courses of action

Answer 4

Ethical dilemmas

Question 5

SIX MAJOR ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

Answer 5

autonomy
veracity
confidentiality
beneficence
nonmaleficence
justice

Question 6

Right to self-determination, which is the freedom to choose and implement one’s decision, free from deceit, duress, constraint or coercion

Answer 6

autonomy

Question 7

Capacity to have to say about one’s own well-being

Answer 7

autonomy

Question 8

Nurse’s responsibility to ensure informed decision-making by patients

Answer 8

autonomy

Question 9

With autonomy, Nurses may inform clients about advance directives like ___

Answer 9

living wills
durable power of attorney for healthcare designation of a healthcare agent

Question 10

Four elements of informed consent that are vital aspects of patient education:

Answer 10

Competence
Disclosure of information
Comprehension
Voluntariness

Question 11

refers to the capacity of the patient to make a reasonable decision

Answer 11

competence

Question 12

requires that sufficient information regarding risks and alternative treatments including no treatment at all be provided to the patient to enable him or her to make a rational decision

Answer 12

disclosure of information

Question 13

speaks to the individual’s ability to understand or to grasp intellectually the information being provided

Answer 13

comprehension

Question 14

A child for example, may not yet be of age to understand any ramifications of medical treatment and must, therefore depend on his or her parents to make a decision that will be in the child’s best interest

Answer 14

example of comprehension

Question 15

indicates that the patient can make a decision without coercion or force from others

Answer 15

voluntariness

Question 16

Truth telling

Answer 16

veracity

Question 17

Nurses must be truthful in order to ___ so that patients will likewise continue to trust nurses

Answer 17

communicate effectively with patients

Question 18

Violating this principle shows lack of respect

Answer 18

veracity

Question 19

Physician will tell the patient and his family his ___ and other options they make take if there be any

Answer 19

diagnosis
plan of care
treatment and possible risks involved
length of treatment
possible expenses

Question 20

Patient has the responsibility to provide, to the best of his knowledge, accurate and complete information about his ___ and other matters relevant to his health

Answer 20

complaints
past illness
previous hospitalizations
medications being taken
allergies
religious restrictions,

Question 21

Refers to personal information that is entrusted and protected as privileged information

Answer 21

confidentiality

Question 22

Requires that one maintain the privacy of another person

Answer 22

confidentiality

Question 23

Healthcare providers should not disclose any information without ___ from the patient

Answer 23

consent

Question 24

Only under special circumstances may secrecy be ethically broken, such as ___

Answer 24

when a patient has been victim or subject of a crime to which the nurse or doctor is a witness

Question 25

Other exceptions to confidentiality:

Answer 25

1. Child or elder abuse
2. Narcotic use
3. Legally reportable communicable diseases
4. Threat of violence toward someone

Question 26

“doing good” for the benefit of others

Answer 26

beneficence

Question 27

Three major components of beneficence

Answer 27

a. One must ought to do good
b. One must ought to promote good
c. One must ought to prevent evil or harm

Question 28

“do no harm”

Answer 28

Nonmaleficence

Question 29

Requires a person to avoid causing harm to patients

Answer 29

Nonmaleficence

Question 30

Included in the principle of nonmaleficence are ___

Answer 30

deliberate harm
risk of harm
harm that occurs during the performance of beneficial acts

Question 31

The right to fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light of what is due or owed to persons

Answer 31

justice

Question 32

We give each one his/her due. If an individual needs care, he/she has the right to be cared for because care is his/her due

Answer 32

justice

Question 33

___ focuses on distribution of goods and healthcare services

Answer 33

Distributive justice

Question 34

Acting in a fatherly manner

Answer 34

paternalism/parentalism

Question 35

Healthcare professionals restrict others’ autonomy to protect the person from perceived or anticipated harm.

Answer 35

paternalism/parentalism

Question 36

___ is appropriate when a patient is judged to be incompetent or to have diminished decision-making capacity

Answer 36

Parentalism

Question 37

Six Steps Designed to Guide Ethical Decision Making

Answer 37

1.The identification of an ethical problem
2.The collection of information to identify the problem and develop solutions
3.The development of alternatives for analysis and comparison
4.The selection of best alternatives and justification
5.The development of diverse, practical ways to implement ethical decisions and actions
6.The evaluation of effects and development of strategies to prevent similar occurrence

Question 38

Teacher possesses ___, which is key to the student’s academic success, career achievement, and competent care of patients

Answer 38

discipline-specific expertise

Question 39

Criteria to distinguish between Interactions that are appropriate in the context of the educational process:

Answer 39

*Risk of harm to the student or to the student-teacher relationship
Presence of coercion or exploitationPotential benefit to the student or to the student-teacher relationship
*Balance of student’s interests and teacher’s interests
*Presence of professional ideals
*Students are responsible for speaking up when they experience problems with or obstacles to their learning
*Students have the right to expect honesty from their teachers but they also have a reciprocal duty to be truthful
*Students rely on their teachers to be role models and mentors

Question 40

When to give patient education/health teaching?

Answer 40

1. When patients are lying down in a bed
2. Sharing personal information with the nurse
3. In the context of medically related physical contact

Question 41

Criteria to distinguish between Interactions that are appropriate in the context of the educational process

Answer 41

*Risk of harm to the patient or to the patient-nurse relationship
*Presence of coercion or exploitation
*Potential benefit to the patient or to the patient-nurse relationship
*Balance of patient’s interests and nurse’s interests
*Presence of professional ideals

Question 42

Possible reasons why some nurses do not give a good patient education

Answer 42

*Transient relationship between nurses and patients
*Nurses are busy with other competing priorities
*Fatigue from too much work
*Lack of focus on the welfare, time, and interests of each patient