F&H: 4.3 demography Flashcards
Why have Birth & Fertility rates declined?
- Decline of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in first half of the 20th c
- Changing role of Women ‘Genderquake’.
- Contraception - Access of the pill from c.60s onwards
- Childhood is commercialised and therefore expensive
- Materialism and consumerism in post-industrial society.
- People staying younger for longer.
Explanations for the fall in the death rate and the rise in life expectancy across 20th c
- Rising wages and living standards
- 19th c Public Health Policy
- The provision of social housing for the poor
- Maternity Care Improvements
- Introduction of the Welfare State after WWII
- The creation of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1948
What are some of the consequences of an ageing population?
- Grandparenting - saving childcare costs
- More Beanpole families
- More extended families living in same household
- Feminists note that the ageing population can be problematic for women
- Stress on ‘pivot’ generation
- Hirsch: Hirsch notes that this ageing population will have to be paid for in social care and increased funding the health services in the West
What is globalisation?
Mass migration, communications, internet and awareness of other cultures means we now live in a more globalised age.
Moreover, with cheap and safe air transport and more porous borders means that migration is much easier
What are some of the key PUSH factors that influence migrants moving to countries such as the UK?
- Refugee (war)
- Religious repression
- Fleeing persecution
- Torture
- Poverty
What are some of the key PULL factors that influence migrants moving to countries such as the UK?
- Job opportunities
- Education
- Family and friends
- Better healthcare
What are the current ethnic diversity statistics in the UK? (2011 census)
White 86% ⇒ white british 80%
Other 14% ethnic minorities:
- Asian (Pakistani, Indian and Bangladeshi) 6.8%
- Black (African Caribbean and African) 3.4%
- Chinese 0.7%
- Arab 0.4%
- Other 0.6%
