F-MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HANDWASHING

Question 1

practices that reduce or eliminate sources and transmission of infection help to protect patients and health care providers from disease.

Answer 1

Infection Prevention

Question 2

result from delivery of health services in a health care setting and were not present at the time of admission.

Answer 2

Health care-associated infections (HAIs)

Question 3

are classified as infections that originate in the hospital. can either develop during a client’s stay in a facility or manifest after discharge.
• Hospital environmental factors support a high population of pathogens that are resistant to antibiotics.
• Nosocomial microorganisms may also be acquired by personnel working in
the facility and can cause significant illness and time lost from work.

Answer 3

Nosocomial infections

Question 4

microorganisms that cause nosocomial infections can originate from the clients themselves

Answer 4

endogenous source

Question 5

The microorganisms that cause nosocomial infections that originate from the hospital environment or hospital personnel

Answer 5

exogenous sources

Question 6

are the direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Answer 6

iatrogenic infection

Question 7

Not all nosocomial infections are iatrogenic, nor are all nosocomial infections preventable. What is another possible contributing factor that can lead to development of nosocomial infection?

Answer 7

• a compromised host, a client whose normal defenses have been lowered by treatments or illness

Question 8

_____ are a common vehicle for the spread of microorganisms.

Answer 8

hands of personnel

Question 9

The presence of a pathogen does not mean that an infection will occur.
Infection occurs in a cycle, what is this cycle called?

Answer 9

CHAIN OF INFECTION

Question 10

what are the elements of the chain of infection?

Answer 10

1. An infectious agent or pathogen
2. A reservoir or source for pathogen growth
3. A portal of exit from the reservoir
4. A mode of transmission
5. A portal of entry to the host
6. A susceptible host

Question 11

Some of the more prevalent agents that cause infection are bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Bacteria, the most significant and most commonly observed infection-causing agents in healthcare institutions.

Answer 11

INFECTIOUS AGENT

Question 12

for growth and multiplication of microorganisms is the natural habitat of the organism.

Answer 12

RESERVOIR

Question 13

What do you call individuals who are reservoirs for an infectious agent but do not exhibit any manifestations of the disease?

Answer 13

CARRIERS- they are asymptomatic, but can transmit the disease

Question 14

• The portal of exit is the point of escape for the organism from the reservoir.
• The organism cannot extend its influence unless it moves away from its original reservoir.

Answer 14

PORTAL OF EXIT

Question 15

what are the common portals of exit or escape routes in humans

Answer 15

respiratory
gastrointestinal
genitourinary tracts
breaks in the skin
Blood and tissue

Question 16

organism may be transmitted from its reservoir by various means or
routes.

Organisms can enter the body by way of the contact route, either directly
or indirectly.

Answer 16

Means of Transmission

Question 17

which has the bigger particle size? airborne particles or droplet particles?

Answer 17

DROPLET PARTICLES- they are greater than 5mcm, they can travel shorter distance compared to airborne particles only up to 2m

Question 18

this mode of transmission can be either vehicle or vector borne

Answer 18

INDIRECT TRANSMISSION

Question 19

in this form of transmission, a _____ is any substance that serves as an intermediate means to transport and introduce an infectious agent into a susceptible host through a suitable portal of entry

Answer 19

VEHICLE-BORNE TRANSMISSION. A VEHICLE

Question 20

what is the term used for inanimate materials or objects, such as handkerchiefs, toys, soiled clothes, cooking or eating utensils, surgical instruments, dressings.

Water, food, blood, serum, and plasma are other components that can act as a vehicle

Answer 20

FOMITES

Question 20

what is the term used for inanimate materials or objects, such as handkerchiefs, toys, soiled clothes, cooking or eating utensils, surgical instruments, dressings.

Water, food, blood, serum, and plasma are other components that can act as a vehicle

Answer 20

FOMITES

Question 21

_______. A _____ is an animal or flying or crawling insect that
serves as an intermediate means of transporting the infectious agent.

Answer 21

VECTOR-BORNE TRANSMISSION. vector

Question 22

Transmission may occur by injecting salivary fluid during biting or by depositing feces or other materials on the skin through the bite wound or a traumatized skin area.

Answer 22

Vector-borne transmission

Question 23

is the point at which organisms enter a new host. Often is the same as the
exit route from the prior reservoir. The urinary, respiratory, and gastrointestinal tracts and the skin

Answer 23

PORTAL OF ENTRY

Question 24

microorganisms can continue to exist only in a source that is acceptable (a host) and only if they overcome any resistance mounted by the host’s defenses.

Answer 24

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

Question 25

is the degree of resistance the potential host has to the pathogen.

Answer 25

SUSCEPTIBILITY

Question 26

is the absence of pathogenic (disease-producing) microorganisms

Answer 26

ASEPSIS (Iwamoto, 2011).

Question 27

what is a way to minimize the onset and spread of infection

Answer 27

ASEPSIS AND THE PRINCIPLES OF ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE

Question 28

what is the other term used for medical asepsis?

Answer 28

CLEAN TECHNIQUE

Question 29

involves procedures and practices that reduce the number and transfer of pathogens. Include performing hand hygiene and wearing gloves

Answer 29

MEDICAL ASEPSIS/ CLEAN TECHNIQUE

Question 30

what is the other term for surgical asepsis?

Answer 30

STERILE TECHNIQUE

Question 31

includes practices used to render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms. _____ procedures could include inserting an indwelling urinary catheter or inserting an IV catheter.

Answer 31

SURGICAL ASEPSIS/STERILE TECHNIQUE

Question 32

recent research shows that handwashing with plain soap sometimes results in what?

Answer 32

paradoxical increase in bacterial counts on the skin (WHO, 2009)

Question 33

according to (WHO, 2009) what is more effective for standard handwashing than soap or antiseptic soap?

Answer 33

ALCOHOL BASED PRODUCTS

Question 34

_______ are still necessary for hand hygiene if hands are visibly soiled or when caring for patients infected with

Answer 34

Antimicrobial soap and water

Question 35

when caring for patients infected with Clostridium difficile or multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE). what should you use for hand hygiene?

Answer 35

antimicrobial soap and water for hand hygiene

Question 36

Considered as single most important and basic preventive technique for interrupting possible infectious process.

Answer 36

HANDWASHING

Question 37

how many mL of antiseptic soap should you apply when hand washing

Answer 37

3-5mL

Question 38

perform hand hygiene using plenty of lather and friction for at least how long?

Answer 38

15 to 20 seconds. interlace fingers and rub palms and back of hands with circular motion for at least 5 times.

Question 39

______ has been the | traditional method for surgical asepsis.

Answer 39

surgical hand scrub additional: use of antimicrobial agent, sterile brushes and sponges removes debris and transient microorganisms from the nails, hands, and forearms; reduces the resident microbial count to a minimum

Question 40

_____________ recommends a 3- to 5-minute hand and arm scrub with an approved antimicrobial agent for all surgical procedures.

Answer 40

The Association of periOperative Registered Nurses (AORN, | 2011)

Question 41

what are the two methods of surgical hand scrub?

Answer 41

- anatomic timed scrub | - counted stroke method

Question 42

is worn in the operating room to reduce the chance for contamination between surgical personnel and patients

Answer 42

Surgical attire (i.e., scrubs)

Question 43

in keeping the fingernails short for surgical procedures how long must it be?

Answer 43

14inch in length, clean and healthy. additional: rings and watches or any accessory must be removed before the surgical scrub.