F Powder Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are powders in pharmaceutical dosage forms?
Mixtures of dry, finely divided drugs used orally, topically, or parenterally.
Why are powders sometimes formulated as granules?
To aid in handling and administration due to their larger particle size and free-flowing properties.
What is geometric dilution?
A method used to evenly mix a small amount of drug with a larger amount of diluent.
What is comminution?
The process of reducing particle size through grinding or milling.
How does particle size affect drug absorption?
Smaller particle size increases dissolution rate, improving absorption and therapeutic effect.
List two advantages of using powders for drug delivery.
- Convenient for insoluble drugs. 2. Stable for hydrolysis-sensitive drugs.
What are insufflations?
Medicated powders blown into the ear, nose, or throat using an insufflator.
Name the four steps in powder formulation.
- Obtaining raw material, 2. Mixing, 3. Granulation (if needed), 4. Packaging.
What factors influence comminution method selection?
Degree of size reduction, quantity, and physical properties of the drug.
How is particle size characterized?
By methods like equivalent volume, sedimentation, sieve analysis.
Why is particle size uniformity important?
Ensures consistent drug content and uniform fill volumes.
What are glidants used for?
To improve flow properties of powders.
What are the three types of excipients used in powders?
- Fillers/diluents, 2. Glidants, 3. Sweeteners/flavours.
What causes powder segregation during mixing?
Differences in particle size and density.
Why are powders sieved before mixing?
To ensure uniform particle size and prevent segregation.
What is validated in the powder mixing process?
Homogeneity and distribution of actives at different mixer levels.
What is an effervescent powder?
Powder that releases CO2 when dissolved in water, improving absorption.
Why is low humidity important in effervescent powder manufacturing?
Prevents premature reaction between acid and carbonate components.
What are DPIs and why are they used?
Dry Powder Inhalers; used for pulmonary delivery with fine particles.
What excipients stabilize cutaneous powder formulations?
Starch, magnesium carbonate/stearate, silicon dioxide.
What equipment is used for coarse powder division?
Cutters, grinders, mills, micronisers.
What are binders used for in powder formulations?
To help powders adhere and form a consistent mass.
What is the function of a volatile solvent in powder mixing?
It evaporates post-mixing, assisting homogeneity.
What particle size is typical for DPIs?
≤ 5 µm.
