F's

Question 1

Factory System

Answer 1

Begun in the United States in Boston in 1813, the mass production of goods based on the application of the principle of interchangeable parts

Question 2

Federalist Era

Answer 2

The period following ratification of the Constitution, in which the Federalist majority, which included many members of Congress who had served as delegates to the Constitutional Convention two years before, immediately set about to draft legislation that would fill in the gaps left by the Convention and to erect the structure of a strong central government

Question 3

“Federalist Papers”

Answer 3

A series of eighty-five newspaper articles written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay that brilliantly expounded the Constitution and demonstrated how it was designed to prevent the abuse of power from any direction

Question 4

Federalists

Answer 4

Those favoring the Constitution in the struggle over its ratification; after the formation of the U.S. government, members of one of two new political parties, led by Alexander Hamilton, who favored a strong central government and interpreted he Constitution as having vested extensive powers in the federal government

Question 5

Fifteenth Amendment

Answer 5

Prompted by the narrow victory of even such a strong candidate as rant, the amendment to the Constitution, drawn up by Republican leaders for purposes of political expediency, that gave the right to vote to all black men, Northern as well as Southern

Question 6

First Battle of Bull Run/First Manassas

Answer 6

A battle in which the Union army was forced to retreat in confusion back to Washington and which demonstrated the unpreparedness and inexperience of both sides

Question 7

First Continental Congress

Answer 7

the 1774 meeting in Philadelphia of representatives of the colonies who petitioned the British Parliament for relief from the Coercive Acts and also passed the Suffolk Resolves, denouncing the Intolerable Acts

Question 8

Force Bill from Congress of 1833

Answer 8

In response to Calhoun’s Ordinance of Nullification, a law obtained by President Jackson that empowered him to use federal troops to enforce the collection of taxes

Question 9

Fort Orange

Answer 9

a Dutch fur-trading post established in 1624 at the site of present-day Albany by the Dutch West India Company

Question 10

Fort Sumer

Answer 10

a federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina, on which Confederate soldiers opened fire in 1861

Question 11

Forty-niners

Answer 11

Miners who moved to California in 1849 in search of gold

Question 12

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 12

the 1866 amendment to the Constitution that defined citizenship and forbade states to deny various rights to citizens, reduced the representation in Congress of states that did not allow blacks to vote, forbade the paying of the Confederate debt, and made former Confederates ineligible to hold public office

Question 13

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 13

The most notable Enlightenment man in America, whose renown spread to Europe, due to both the wit and wisdom of his “Poor Richard’s Almanac” and his scientific experiments

Question 14

Free School Crusade

Answer 14

A movement, which had some momentum in the 1830s, to provide public schools, whose stated purpose was to instill in children the social values of thrift, order, discipline, and democracy

Question 15

Freedman’s Bureau

Answer 15

An agency created by Congress in 1865 to provide food, clothing, and education, and generally look after the interests of former slaves

Question 16

John C. Fremont

Answer 16

the Republican nominee for president in 1856 who was a former officer in the army’s Corps of Topographical Engineers and was known as “the Pathfinder” because of his explorations in the Rockies and the Far West; he carried most of the Northern states and was narrowly defeated, thereby making clear that the Republicans, not the Know-Nothings, would replace the Whigs as the other major party, along with the Democrats

Question 17

French and Indian War

Answer 17

Known in Europe as the Seven Year’s War, a conflict between Britain, along with American colonists, and France, along with Indian allies, that began with France’s determination to take complete control of the Ohio Valley and western Pennsylvania

Question 18

Fugitive Slave Law

Answer 18

Under the provisions of this strengthened law, blacks living in the North and claimed by slave catchers were denied trial by jury and many of the other protections of due process; Northerners were enraged by the law and believed that it was little better than a legalization of kidnapping

Question 19

“Fundamental Orders of Connecticut”

Answer 19

the first written constitution in America, drawn up in 1639, providing for representative government