F3 Content

Question 1

MRS GREN

Answer 1

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 2

what is movement

Answer 2

change in position or place

Question 3

What is respiration

Answer 3

chemical reaction in cells that breaks down nutrient molecules and releases energy

Question 4

anaerobic respiration word equation

Answer 4

glucose –> alcohol + CO2

Question 5

aerobic respiration

Answer 5

glucose + oxygen –> CO2 + water

Question 6

What is sensitivity

Answer 6

ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment

Question 7

What is growth

Answer 7

permanent increase in size

Question 8

What is reproduction

Answer 8

process that makes more of the same kind of organism
(asexual= 1 parent/ sexual= 2 parents)

Question 9

What is excretion

Answer 9

removal of toxic or useless substances from the body
(CO2 from lungs/ urea, mineral salts and excess water through kidney/ oxygen from leaves)

Question 10

What is nutrition

Answer 10

taking in materials for energy, growth and development
(animals= heterotrophic (ingest)/ plants= autotrophic (make))

Question 11

cell membrane

Answer 11

regulates movement in and out of cells

Question 12

cytoplasm

Answer 12

jelly-like substance where chemical reactions take place

Question 13

DNA

Answer 13

cell’s genetic material

Question 14

ribosomes

Answer 14

tiny structure inside cytoplasm where protein in made (protein synthesis)

Question 15

enzymes

Answer 15

proteins which act as biological catalysts

Question 16

unicellular

Answer 16

organisms with one cell

Question 17

multicellular

Answer 17

organisms with many cells

Question 18

Fungi (MRS GREN)

Answer 18

• move
• reproduce sexually and asexually
• cells have nucleus
• multicellular
• respire through mitochondria/ cytoplasm
• excrete passively
• heterotrophic

Question 19

Proctists (MRS GREN)

Answer 19

• move
• reproduce sexually and asexually
• cells have nucleus
• unicellular
• respire through mitochondria/ cytoplasm
• excrete passively (not specific organ)
• autotroph and heterotroph

Question 20

Animals (MRS GREN)

Answer 20

• move
• reproduce sexually
• cells have nucleus
• multicellular
• respire through mitochondria/ cytoplasm
• excrete passively and actively
• heterotrophs

Question 21

Prokaryote (MRS GREN)

Answer 21

• move
• reproduce sexually
• cells don’t have nucleus
• unicellular
• respire through cytoplasm only
• excrete passively
• autotrophs and heterotrophs

Question 22

Plant (MRS GREN)

Answer 22

• move
• reproduce asexually and sexually
• cells have nucleus
• multicellular
• excrete passively
• autotrophs

Question 23

Viruses

Answer 23

• protein coat surrounding the genetic material
• not made of cells
• don’t have cell membrane or cytoplasm
• no MRS GREN

Question 24

chloroplasts

Answer 24

contains chlorophyll (which absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy, glucose).

Question 25

Vacuoles

Answer 25

- helps cell stay rigid and substances can be stored in them - contains watery fluid called sap

Question 26

cell wall

Answer 26

- provides shape and support to the cell and prevents it from bursting

Question 27

Bacterial Cell structures

Answer 27

- cell wall - cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes - circular DNA (with genetic material) - plasmids (loops of DNA)

Question 28

Root hair cell function

Answer 28

- absorbs water and mineral ions from the soil - hair-like extension for larger surface area

Question 29

Palisade Mesophyll cell function

Answer 29

- photosynthesis in leaves - many chlorophyll and large SA

Question 30

Ciliated epithelial cells function

Answer 30

- moving mucus in trachea and bronchi of lungs - small hair-like extensions (cilia) to sweep

Question 31

neurone function

Answer 31

- conducting electrical impulses around body - long axon to conduct to distant areas

Question 32

red blood cell function

Answer 32

- transport of oxygen around the body through bloodstream - no nucleus= increased SA - biconcave disc= increased SA

Question 33

Egg cell function

Answer 33

- sexual reproduction (female gamete) - cytoplasm has yolk (food source for zygote)

Question 34

Sperm cell function

Answer 34

- sexual reproduction (male gamete) - long flagellum for it to travel

Question 35

levels of organisation

Answer 35

- cells - tissue - organs - organ systems - organisms - population - community - ecosystem - biosphere

Question 36

formula for image size

Answer 36

image size= actual size * magnification

Question 37

formula for total magnification (microscope)

Answer 37

eyepiece lens magnification * objective lens magnification

Question 38

micrometer to milimeter

Answer 38

1Mm = 0.001mm

Question 39

Diffusion

Answer 39

net movement of particles from a region of a high concentration to a region of low concentration, down the concentration gradient, due to random movement of particles

Question 40

equilibrium

Answer 40

no net movement but particles still move randomly in both directions

Question 41

factors increasing rate of diffusion

Answer 41

- high temp (high KE) - distance decreases - SA increases - concentration gradient increases

Question 42

Osmosis

Answer 42

net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential across a partially permeable membrane

Question 43

water potential

Answer 43

how freely water molecules can move (conc. increases= w.p. decreases)

Question 44

water movement

Answer 44

hypotonic --> hypertonic

Question 45

equilibrium (water movement)

Answer 45

isotonic

Question 46

hypotonic

Answer 46

high water potential, low concentration

Question 47

hypertonic

Answer 47

low water potential, high concentration

Question 48

turgor pressure

Answer 48

water pressure acts against the inelastic cell wall

Question 49

high turgor pressure

Answer 49

turgid

Question 50

low turgor pressure

Answer 50

flaccid

Question 51

flaccid

Answer 51

- cytoplasm and vacuole shrink - less stiff, can no longer support plant - plasmolysis= cytoplasm pulls away from cell wall

Question 52

water and animal cells

Answer 52

can burst (no cell wall)

Question 53

water and plant cells

Answer 53

swells, doesn't burst (has cell wall)

Question 54

ative transport

Answer 54

movement of particles through a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, using energy released from respiration

Question 55

Carbohydrates composition

Answer 55

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 56

different carbohydrates

Answer 56

- starch: energy and nutrient storage - cellulose: structural support - glycogen: energy and nutrient storage

Question 57

Lipids composition

Answer 57

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 58

Lipids

Answer 58

made fro fatty acids and glycerol

Question 59

protein composition

Answer 59

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 60

proteins

Answer 60

amino acids

Question 61

Test for reducing sugar

Answer 61

Benedict's solution

Question 62

Benedict's solution results

Answer 62

negative= blue positive= green, yellow, orange, red

Question 63

Test for starch

Answer 63

iodine

Question 64

Iodine test reults

Answer 64

negative= orange/ brown positive= blue/ black

Question 65

Lipids test results

Answer 65

negative= no colour change positive= white/ milky

Question 66

Test for proteins

Answer 66

Biuret

Question 67

Biuret test results

Answer 67

negative= blue positive= violet/ lilac

Question 68

Vitamin C test

Answer 68

DCPIP

Question 69

DCPIP test results

Answer 69

negative= blue positive= colourless