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Physics > F4 > Flashcards

F4 Flashcards

1
Q

Specific latent heat of vapourisation

A

The quantity of heat absorbed during boiling or released during condensation of 1kg of a substance without any change in temperature

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2
Q

Specific latent heat

A

The quantity of heat absorbed or released during the change in phase of 1kg mass of a substance without any changes in its temperature

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3
Q

Specific latent heat of fusion

A

The quantity of heat absorbed during melting or released during freezing of 1kg of a substance without any change in temperature

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4
Q

Physical quantity

A

A quantity that can be measured

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5
Q

Base quantity

A

A physical quantity which cannot be derived from other physical quantities

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6
Q

Derived quantity

A

A quantity which can be obtained by combination of base quantities by mean of multiplication, division or both

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7
Q

Scalar quantity

A

Physical quantity that have magnitude only

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8
Q

Vector quantity

A

Physical quantity that have both magnitude and direction

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9
Q

Linear motion

A

Motion in a straight line

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10
Q

Speed

A

The rate of change of distance

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11
Q

Velocity

A

The rate of change of displacement

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12
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate of change of velocity

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13
Q

Free fall motion

A

Motion of an object which is affected by gravitational force only

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14
Q

Inertia

A

The tendency of an object to remain at rest or continue its uniform motion in a straight line at uniform velocity

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15
Q

Newton’s First Law of Motion

A

An object will remain at rest or move at uniform velocity unless acted upon by an external force

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16
Q

Momentum

A

The product of mass and velocity

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17
Q

Principle of Conservation of Momentum

A

The total amount of momentum before a collision is equal to the total amount of momentum after a collision provided there is no external force acting on the system

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18
Q

Force

A

A push or pull

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19
Q

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

A

The rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the force and acts in the direction of the applied force

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20
Q

Impulse

A

The change in momentum

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21
Q

Impulsive force

A

The rate of change in momentum

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22
Q

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

A

For every action, there is a reaction with equal amplitude but opposite direction

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23
Q

Weight

A

The gravitational force acting on an object

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24
Q

Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation

A

The gravitational force between two bodies is directly proportional to the product of masses of both bodies but inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the centre of the two bodies

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25
Q

Centripetal force

A

The force acting on an object in circular motion which acts in the direction towards the centre of the circle

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26
Q

Kepler’s First Law

A

All planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus (Law of Orbits)

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27
Q

Kepler’s Second Law

A

A line that connects a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time (Law of Areas)

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28
Q

Kepler’s Third Law

A

The square of the orbital period of any planet is directly proportional to the cube of the radius of its orbit (Law of Periods)

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29
Q

Orbital radius

A

Average value of the distance between the planet and the Sun

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30
Q

Escape velocity

A

The minimum velocity needed by an object on the surface of the Earth in order to overcome the gravitational force and escape to outer space

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31
Q

Temperature

A

A measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of an object

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32
Q

Heat

A

The total amount of thermal energy that can be transferred from one object to another

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33
Q

Thermal equilibrium

A

The condition where the net heat transfer between two objects becomes zero

34
Q

Heat capacity

A

The quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance by 1⁰C

35
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

The quantity of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg mass of a substance by 1⁰C

36
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

Pressure is inversely proportional to volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature

37
Q

Charles’ Law

A

Volume is directly proportional to absolute temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure

38
Q

Gay-Lussac’s Law

A

Pressure is directly proportional to absolute temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume

39
Q

Oscilation, vibration

A

Repetitive motion about an equilibrium position in a closed path

40
Q

Amplitude

A

Maximum displacement from its equilibrium position

41
Q

Transverse wave

A

A wave which the vibration of particle in the medium is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave

42
Q

Longitudinal wave

A

A wave which the vibration of particle in the medium is parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave

43
Q

Coherent sources

A

Source that produce waves which have the same frequency and constant phase difference

44
Q

Period

A

The time taken by a particle to make one complete oscillation or by one source to produce one cycle of wave

45
Q

Frequency

A

Number of oscillations made by a particle or number of cycles of waves produced by one source in one second

46
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance between two consecutive points in phase

47
Q

Wave speed

A

Distance travelled by a wave profile per second

48
Q

The principle of superposition of waves

A

When two waves overlap, the resultant displacement is the sum of the two individual displacements of the two waves

49
Q

External damping

A

Oscillating system loses energy to overcome air resistance or friction

50
Q

Internal damping

A

Oscillating system loses energy because of the stretching and compression of the vibrating particles in the system

51
Q

Damping

A

Reduction in amplitude in an oscillating system due to loss of energy

52
Q

Resonance

A

When a periodic force is applied to an oscillating system at its natural frequency

53
Q

Describe resonance in 4 sentences (pendulum)

A
  • Pendulum X transfer energy to all pendulums
  • Pendulum A has the same length as pendulum X
  • Pendulum X forces pendulum A to oscillate in resonance with pendulum X
  • pendulum A oscillates with max amplitude
54
Q

Wavefront

A

Lines joining all points of the same phase

55
Q

Refraction of waves

A

The change in direction of propagation of waves caused by the change of velocity of waves when the waves propagate from one medium to another

56
Q

Diffraction of waves

A

The spreading of waves when the waves propagate through a slit or side of a barrier

57
Q

Interference of waves

A

The superposition of two of more waves from a coherent source of waves

58
Q

Constructive interference

A

occurs when two crests or troughs are in superposition to produce maximum amplitude

59
Q

Destructive interference

A

Occurs when a crest and a trough are in superposition to produce zero combined ampltiude

60
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

7 types of electromagnetic waves that forms a continuous spectrum

61
Q

Electromagnetic wave

A

Wave that is made up of an electric field and a magnetic field that oscillate perpendicularly to one another (E = horizontal, M = vertical)

62
Q

Distance

A

Length of route covered by an object

63
Q

Displacement

A

Shortest distance between the initial position and the final position in a specific direction

64
Q

Refraction of light

A

A phenomenon when light changes direction when it travels from one medium to another medium of different densities

65
Q

Refractive index

A

The ratio of speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in medium

66
Q

One law of refraction of light

A

When light travels from one medium to another medium, the incident ray, refracted ray and normal meet at one point and are in the same plane

67
Q

Total internal reflection

A

The complete reflection of light ray at the boundary of two mediums with different optical densities when the angle of incidence in the higher optical density medium is greater than the criticla angle

68
Q

Critical angle

A

Angle of i in higher optical density medium when the angle or r in lower optical density medium is equal to 90 degrees

69
Q

Optical centre

A

Point at the centre of the lens

70
Q

Principle axis (lens)

A

Straight line which passes through the optical centre of a lens and the centre of curvature for both surfaces of the lens

71
Q

Axis of lens

A

Straight line through the optical centre and perpendicular to the principle axis

72
Q

Focal point (lens)

A

Point located on the principle axis where :
- for convex lens, light parallel to the principal axis will converge at this point after passing through the lens
- for concave lens, light parallel to the principal axis will appear to diverge from this point after passing through the lens

73
Q

Object distance (lens)

A

Distance between an object and optical centre of the lens

74
Q

Image distance (lens)

A

Distance between an image and the optical centre of the lens

75
Q

Focal length (lens)

A

Distance between the focal point and the optical centre

76
Q

Principal axis (mirror)

A

Straight line through the centre of curvature and pole of spherical mirror

77
Q

Centre of curvature

A

Centre of a sphere which produces a concave or convex mirror

78
Q

Radius of curvature of mirror

A

Distance between the pole of spherical mirror and the centre of curvature

79
Q

Focal point (mirror)

A

A point on the principal axis of the spherical mirror where :
- for convex mirror, light parallel to the principal axis will appear to diverge from this point
- for concave mirror, light parallel to the principal axis will converge at this point

80
Q

Object distance (mirror)

A

Distance between object and pole of spherical mirror

81
Q

Image distance (mirror)

A

Distance between image and the pole of spherical mirror

82
Q

Focal length

A

Distance between focal point and the pole of spherical mirror

Physics (2 decks)

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