F_MOD 7: SAFETY AND HEALTH IN THE WORKPLACE Flashcards
(156 cards)
1
Q
It is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people at occupation.
A
Occupational safety and health (OSH)
2
Q
In the Global Workforce there are . ________ workers and is continuously growing.
A
3.3 Billion Workers
3
Q
_ _ percent of these workers are in less developed countries where working conditions are more hazardous than in more developed countries.
A
85 percent
4
Q
How many workers experience nonfatal occupational injuries and how many are those who experience fatally injured?
A
317 Million Nonfatal Occupational Injuries
321 Thousand Fatally Injured
5
Q
Every day, how many workers experience injuries in their workplace and injury deaths?
A
One Million Workplace Injuries
One Thousand Injury Deaths
6
Q
There are _ _ _ thousand people are sickened and _, _ _ _ workers die each day from a workplace exposure.
A
440 Thousand People sickened
5,500 workers die
7
Q
How much are lost annually from the global gross domestic product by direct and indirect cost of occupational injuries and disease?
A
1.25 Trillion Dollars
8
Q
What causes the acute and chronic illnesses or disease in a workplace?
A
- Inhalation
- Absorption
- Ingestion
- Direct contact
9
Q
What are the occupational injuries?
A
- Cut
- Fracture
- Sprain
- Amputation
10
Q
Importance of Occupational Safety:
It is important to __________ how occupational and community health problems are linked.
A
Recognized
10
Q
Importance of Occupational Safety:
Hazardous Agents in the workplace _______ not only workers but also those _______ the worksite.
A
affect; outside
11
Q
Importance of Occupational Safety:
Another way that industries and their communities share health problem is in the _______ of an industrial disaster.
A
Instance
12
Q
Importance of Occupational Safety:
The workers themselves are a __________, with common social problems and environmental risks.
A
community
13
Q
How many agricultural workers die from exposures to biological risks?
A
170,000 workers
13
Q
Fatality rates are _ - _ times higher in developing countries.
A
5-6 times higher
13
Q
TOPIC 2:
How many percent of work related deaths occur in Asia?
A
50 percent
14
Q
Every _ _ seconds, 160 workers or . million people per year die of occupational accidents and diseases.
A
Every 15 seconds
2.3 million workers
15
Q
How many deaths are work-related?
A
337 million
16
Q
How many workers experienced fatal accidents?
A
360,000 workers
17
Q
How many workers experienced fatal diseases exposure?
A
1.95 million
17
Q
The economic burden of poor OSH practices is estimated at _% of the global GDP each year.
A
Four Percent
18
Q
How many is the total number of OFWs at any given time?
A
10 Million: 10 percent of population
19
Q
In 2010, how many are deployed as OFWs?
A
1.47 Million
20
Q
How many OFWs are land-base and sea-base?
A
1,123,676 are Land-Based
347,150 are Sea-Based
20
Young workers have significantly high occupational injury rate, while older workers need adaptive practices and equipment to work safely.
Demographic Shifts
20
It gives rise to risks such as air pollution, heat stress, emerging diseases, shifting weather and temperature patterns that can bring job losses.
Development and Climate Change
20
From 2003 to 2007, how many fatalities are decreased?
170 to 116
21
What can cause occupation accidents and diseases?
Human Suffering and Loss
21
It affects psychosocial health and introduce new materials with unmeasured health hazards.
Technology
22
It can bring not only flexibility that allows more people to enter the labor force, but may also lead to psychological issues.
Changes in the Organization of Wor,
23
_ _ out of _ _ persons in the workforce do not benefit from acceptable working conditions.
17 out of 18 persons
23
How many workers die each year from work related accidents?
2 million workers
23
How many Filipino workers enjoy effective occupational safety and health protection?
2.2 Million Filipino Workers
24
It supports programs to promote culture of safety and health bringing OSH services to those who need them the most.
International Labor Organization Office in the Philippines
25
Occupational Safety and Health Law:
What are the three legislations?
- State Legislation
- Safety Legislation
- Federal Legislation
26
Occupational Safety and Health Law:
Under this law, factories were prohibited from hiring children younger than ten years of age.
Child Labor Law: State Legislation
27
Occupational Safety and Health Law:
Which legislation provided federal employees compensation if injured while on the job.
Federal Legislation
28
Occupational Safety and Health Law:
It is primarily designed to establish nationwide health and safety standards for the coal-mining industry; under the federal legislation.
Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969
29
The Coal Mine Health and Safety is also know as...
William-Steiger Act
30
It is to ensure that employers in the private sectors furnish each employee
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
31
A research body now located in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
32
Under this right, any employee or any employee representative may notify OSHA of violations of standards or of the general duty obligation (to provide a safe and healthy workplace)
by the employer.
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
(OSHA Inspection)
32
Responsible for recommending occupational safety and health standards to OSHA.
National Institution for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
33
Common Type of Occupational Disease
- Back Pain
- Essential Hypertension
- Neck and Shoulder Pain
34
It is the most common type of occupational disease, making up 32.8 of the reported cases.
Back Pain
35
How many percent are recorded that has back pain?
32.8%
36
How many percent are recorded that has Essential Hypertension?
11.5%
36
How many percent are recorded that has Neck and Shoulder Pain?
11.4%
37
This significant legislation will help curb the increasing cases of diseases and injuries
in the work environment that confront the country.
Occupational Safety and Health Standards Act or the Republic Act (RA) 11058
38
Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 11058 Entitled "An Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards and Providing Penalties for Violations thereof"
Department Order No. 198-18
39
Guide for Compliance of Establishments to DO 198-19
Labor Advisory Guide No. 04-19
40
What are the riskiest industry for workers?
-Administrative and Support Activities (34.3%)
- Manufacturing Industry (31.1%)
40
An Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards and Providing Penalties for Violations thereof (OSH Law)
Republic Act No. 11058
40
Incident and Rates of Non-Fatal occupational injuries and illnesses within the GOODS-PRODUCING INDUSTIRES
- Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting
- Manufacturing
- Construction
- Mining
41
Incident and Rates of Non-Fatal occupational injuries and illnesses within the SERVICE-PROVIDING INDUSTRIES.
- Health Care and Social Assistance
- Art
42
What are the possible unintentional injuries in the workplace?
Minor Injuries:
- Bruises
- Cuts
- Abrasion
- Minor Burns
Major Injuries:
- Amputations
- Fractures
- Severe Lacerations
- Eye Losses
- Acute Poisoning
- Severe Burns
43
What are the fatal work injuries?
1. Transportation Incidents
2. Falls, Slips, and Trips
3. Violence and other injuries by person or animals
44
In 2014, there were _____ fatal work-related injuries, or about 12.8 per day.
4,678 Fatal Work-Related Injuries
45
Age. The lowest rates of fatal workplace injuries.
Young Workers. 18 - 19 Years of Age
46
Age. Above the age of 34 years, workplace fatality increased with age the highest rates were recorded for working _________.
Elders. 65 years of age and older
46
Age. Next lowest workplace fatality rates.
Workers 20 - 34 years of age
47
In 2014, only _____ of those who died of an injury in the workplace were women even though they worked _____ of all the hours worked.
Women - 8%
Men - 43%
47
Gender. ______ die of work-related injuries at much lesser rates than ______.
Women; Men
47
What is the overall occupational death rate for men?
9 times higher than women
48
What are the industries with the highest fatality rates for both men and women?
- Mining
- Agriculture
- Construction
- Transportation
49
The number of __________ is higher among men, proportionally homicides are greater for women, accounting for nearly one in five of women’s job-related fatalities.
Homicide
50
Minority Status. _____ and _____ workers have the highest rates of fatality among workers groups.
Hispanic and Latino owrkers
51
Minority Status. Only slightly lower were workplace fatality rates for ______ workers and
______ workers.
American and African-American Workers
52
It diminishes productivity and jeopardize both employee wages and employer profits.
Nonfatal work-related injuries
53
Characteristics of Workers Involved in Work-Related Injuries
- Age
- Gender
- Poverty and Minority Status
- Geographical Differences in Workplace Injuries
- Temporal Variations in Workplace Injuries
54
____ and ___ _____ occupational injury rates vary according to type of industry and type of occupation.
Fatal and Non-fatal occupational injuries
55
Injury death rates are one indication of the risk associated with employment in an industry
or in a particular job within an industry.
Fatal Occupational Injuries by Industry
56
57
What are the fatal occupational injuries by Industry?
- Construction Industry
- Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting
- Logging and Commercial Fishing
- Aircraft Pilots
- Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas extraction
58
Goods-producing industries had higher rates than service-producing industries.
Non-Fatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses by Industry
59
What are the fatal occupational injuries by Industry?
- Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting
- Transportation and Warehousing
59
A total of _______ injuries and illnesses were reported in public and private industry
workplaces during 2014,
3.67 million injuries
59
What are the Agricultural Safety and Health
- Lung Diseases
- Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
- Skin Diseases
- Certain Associated Chemical Use
- Sun Exposure
60
In 2012, there were approximately _______ farms in the United States, with about
1,854,000 full-time workers involved in production agriculture.
2.2 Million
61
What are the riskiest occupation in Agriculture?
1. Logging
2. Fisher and Related Fishing Workers
3. Aircraft Pilots and Flight Engineers
4. Roofers
5. Refuse and Recyclable material collectors
6. Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers
62
Reducing the number and seriousness of injuries and illnesses in the workplace involves
four fundamental tasks: anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES IN THE WORKPLACE
63
Types of Prevention and control of unintentional injuries in the workplaces.
- Anticipation
- Recognition
- Evaluation
- Control
64
It involves the foresight to envision future adverse events and take action to prevent them.
Anticipation
65
It involves surveillance and monitoring of the
workforce for injuries and illnesses, including near misses.
Recognition
65
It may involve changes in the
production process to make it safer, changes in the work environment to make it safer, or
improvements in the use of personal protective equipment.
Control
65
It is the assessment of the data that were collected during the recognition and
monitoring activities.
Evaluation
66
TOPIC 4.
Types of Occupational illnesses.
- Musculoskeletal Disorder
- Skin Diseases and Disorder
- Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
- Respiratory Disorder
67
The skin serves as the target organ for disease, or it may be the route through which toxic
chemicals enter the worker’s body.
Skin Diseases and Disorder
67
The most frequently reported occupational disorders. They include both acute and chronic injury to muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, joints, bones, and supporting vasculature.
Musculoskeletal Disorders
68
It is another form of repeated trauma. Most of the cases reported are within the manufacturing sector.
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
69
It can be categorized by cause and by the organ or organ system
affected.
Occupational Diseases
69
The lungs can be both the target organ of disease and a portal of entry for toxic substances.
Respiratory Disorders
70
It is the most commonly reported occupational respiratory disease, among operators, fabricators, and laborers, attributable to
worksite factors.
Work-Related Asthma (WRA)
71
A fibrotic lung disease caused by the inhalation of dusts, especially mineral dusts
Pneumoconiosis
72
It is type of pneumoconiosis, that related to coal mining.
Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis
73
This requires the vigilance of employer and
employee alike and the assistance of governmental agencies.
Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and Disorders
74
A person is said to have _______ if they are not able to hear as well as someone with
normal hearing, meaning hearing thresholds of 20 dB or better in both ears.
Hearing Loss
75
How many decibels a person have a normal hearing?
20dB in both ears
76
Two ways which sound waves produce the sensation of hearing
- Air Conduction
- Bone Conduction
77
sound waves move through the air in the external auditory canal tympanic membrane middle ear (malleus, incus, stapes) inner ear (cochlea – hair cells) auditory nerve
Air Conduction
78
occurs when a sound wave or other source of vibration causes the bones of the skull to vibrate. These vibrations are transmitted to the fluid surrounding the cochlea and hearing results
Bone Conduction
79
Factors that Influence Sound Level
1. Sound Frequency
2. Acoustic Intensity
3. Duration
4. Nature
80
It is audible to human ear and ranges from 16hz to 20,000hz
Sound Frequency
81
It is a pressure that produced by vibration in the audible range. It measured in dark brown.
Acoustic Intensity
82
The longer the exposure to any sound/noise, the energy reaching the ear is higher
Duration
83
Whether the noise is stable, fluctuating or intermittent.
Nature
84
It is an unpleasant, disagreeable, unwanted sound or a sound that disturbs or make one uncomfortable.
Noise
85
It is the most common preventable cause of irreversible sensorineural hearing loss.
Noise
85
What type of hearing damage from loud noise such as a blast 140dB to 160dB that damages the eardrum?
Acute Hearing Damage
86
What type of hearing damage is due to long term exposure to hazardous noise level?
Chronic Hearing Damage
87
TRUE OR FALSE. It is a major risk factor of hearing loss if a person have prolonged exposure from more than 85dB of noise level.
True
88
Sources of Noise
1. Workplace
2. Hobby
89
This kind of noise came from sources such as motorcycles, loud music, firearms
Hobby
90
Occupations at Risk when it comes to noise
- Construction
- Mining and Quarrying
- Transportation
- Military
- Testing Jest Engines
91
Types of Hearing Loss
- Conductive
- Sensorineural
92
These results from physical problems with the movement of the sound wave through
the ear;
Conductive
93
TRUE OR FALSE. Many conductive losses can be managed medically or surgically
True
94
This causes are from damage to the hair cells or nerves that sense sound waves.
Sensorineural
95
Hearing Loss.
Soft sounds may be difficult to distinguish
Mild (cannot hear below 45dB)
96
Hearing Loss.
Conversational speech is hard to hear, especially if there is background noise (such as TV or radio)
Moderate (cannot hear below 60dB)
97
Hearing Loss
It is very difficult to hear ordinary speech;
May cause difficulty with speech and decreased speech intelligibility.
Moderately severe (cannot hear below 75dB)
98
Hearing Loss.
Conversational speech cannot be heard; may affect voice quality
Severe (cannot hear 75-95dB)
99
Hearing Loss.
Deafness, almost all sounds are inaudible; some people with such profound hearing loss can benefit from a hearing aid but only on a small extent; speech and language deteriorate
Profound (cannot hear 95dB+)
100
An injury presenting with immediate temporary or permanent hearing loss from a very loud event such as an explosion
ACUTE NOISE EXPOSURE/ACOUSTIC TRAUMA
101
It is usually considered an occupational disease or illness rather than and injury, because its progression is gradual.
CHRONIC NOISE EXPOSURE / NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS (NIHL)
102
Types of NIHL
1. Temporary Hearing Loss (Auditory fatigue)
2. Irreversible hearing loss
103
TRUE OR FALSE. Under temporary hearing loss, the recovery time is 12-24 hours.
False. 16-48 Hours
104
It is the permanent Hearing Loss
Irreversible Hearing Loss
105
Other Harmful of Hearing Loss
o Interfere with work performance
o Disturbs relaxation and sleep
o Hypertension
o Hyperacidity
o Palpitations
o Stress related disorders
106
Exams and Test for Hearing loss
o ER/OPD
o Otoscope
o Direct examination with audiometry or tuning fork
o Careful examination of the nose, nasopharynx and URT
o General neurologic exam, tympanometry
107
Consists of tests of function of the hearing mechanism.
Audiometry
108
What includes the Audiometry Test
mechanical sound transmission (middle ear function)
neural sound transmission (cochlear function)
speech discrimination ability (central integration)
109
PPE
It is an equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious workplace injuries and illnesses.
Personal Protective Equipment
110
What are the considered contact that can be prevented when using proper PPE?
- Chemical
- Radiological
- Physical
- Electrical
- Mechanical
- Other Workplace hazard
111
It may include items such as gloves, safety glasses and shoes, earplugs or muffs, hard hats, respirators, or coveralls, vests and full body suits.
Personal Protective Equipment
112
Inclusion of Personal Protective Equipment
- Gloves
- Safety Glasses
- Shoes
- Earplugs
- Hard Hats
- Respirators
- Vest
- Full Body Suit
113
Three Key things in Selecting PPE
1. Type of anticipated exposure.
2. Durability and appropriateness of the PPE for the task.
3. PPE must fit the individual user
114
The primary corrective measure in the control of occupational diseases caused by harmful, dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays or vapors shall be to prevent atmospheric contamination.
Respiratory Protection
115
shall be provided where the processes or operations present hazards of flying objects, liquids, injurious radiation, glare or a combination of these hazards.
Eye and face Protection
116
consideration should be given to the hazards to which the wearer may be exposed to and the ease and free movement of the fingers.
Hand and Arm Protection
117
It is anything with the potential to cause harm.
Hazard
118
It is the probability of a negative outcome from exposure to a hazard.
Risk
119
is defined as hazardous if it has one or more of
the following characteristics such as flammable corrosive, toxic, or reactive.
Substance
120
Hazard Categories
- Physical Hazard
- Chemical Hazard
- Biological Hazard
- Radiological Hazard
- Ergonomic Hazard
- Behavioral Hazard
121
It arises when use of a chemical is potentially dangerous because of the possibility of explosion, fire, or violent reaction with water.
Physical Hzard
122
it produces acute or chronic health effects in
exposed individuals.
Health Hazard
123
There are infectious agents or hazardous biological materials that present a risk or
potential risk to the health of humans, animals, or the environment.
Biohazards
124
It is one that is posed to humans by a biological organism or by a material produced by such an organism.
Biological Hazard
125
is one that is capable of causing injury or damage to a living organism such as sulfuric acid, a corrosive; compounds of heavy metals such as tetraethyl lead, which may act as systemic poisons; selenium compounds, such as selenium dioxide; and natural products, such as
the aflatoxins.
Toxic Substances
126
Denotes both the capacity to cause harm to a living organism and to indicate the adverse effects caused by a chemical.
Toxicity
127
It is a hazard that has interaction with the made world that causes the user discomfort or strain.
Ergonomic Hazard
128
_________ as the potential to cause harm; risk, on the other hand, is the likelihood
of harm.
Hazard
129
It is an occurrence or event that is unexpected, unforeseen, unplanned and unwanted resulting in damage, injury, loss or death.
Accidents
130
Two Primary causes of Accidents
1. Unsafe Acts
2. Unsafe Condition
131
is the the human action that departs from a
standard or written job procedure or common practice, safety rules, regulations or instructions.
Unsafe Act
132
is the physical or chemical property of a material, machine or the environment
which could result in injury to a person, damage or destruction to property or other forms of losses.
Unsafe condition
