FA2

Question 1

Determine whether the following arguments are inductive or deductive Write I if it is inductive and D if it is deductive.

The Broadway Theater marquee says that The Phantom of the Opera is playing nightly. Therefore, it must be that case that Phantom is playing there tonight.

Answer 1

Inductive (I)

Question 2

Determine whether the following arguments are inductive or deductive Write I if it is inductive and D if it is deductive.

Since Christmas is always on a Thursday, it follows that the day after Christmas is always a Friday.

Answer 2

Deductive (D)

Question 3

Determine whether the following arguments are inductive or deductive Write I if it is inductive and D if it is deductive.

When a cook cannot recall the ingredients in a recipe, it is appropriate that she refresh her memory by consulting the recipe book. Similarly, when a student cannot recall the answers during a final exam, it is appropriate that she refresh her memory by consulting the textbook.

Answer 3

Inductive (I)

Question 4

Determine whether the following arguments are inductive or deductive Write I if it is inductive and D if it is deductive.

Since Tom is the brother of Agatha, and Agatha is the mother of Raquel, it follows that Tom is the uncle of Raquel.

Answer 4

Deductive (D)

Question 5

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

That type of car is poorly made; a friend of mine has one, and it continually gives him trouble.

Answer 5

Suppresed Evidence

Question 6

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

“Hey, everyone speeds. So speeding isn’t wrong.”

Answer 6

Appeal to People

Question 7

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

I had a bad experience with my former husband, and from that experience I have learned that all men are no good.

Answer 7

Hasty Generalization

Question 8

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

Lost: The dog of a lady with a long tail.

Answer 8

Amphiboly

Question 9

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

Jose is an intelligent boy.

But Jose studies in Far Eastern University.

Therefore, all who study at FEU are intelligent.

Answer 9

Composition

Question 10

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

Either we elect Mr. X or the economy goes down the tubes. The choice should be obvious.

Answer 10

False Dichotomy

Question 11

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

A suitor to a girl: “Please marry me. If you won’t, my heart will break. Life for me will be meaningless without you. I will surely die of grief.”

Answer 11

Appeal to Pity

Question 12

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

“If you can’t prove me wrong, therefore I am right.”

Answer 12

Argument from Ignorance

Question 13

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

“When was the last time you actually told the truth?”

Answer 13

Complex Question

Question 14

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

A conversation between two basketball players:

Zack: I heard that our opponent next week is the best team in our district.

Carl: Then, let us not attend the game. We’ll lose anyway.

Answer 14

Missing the Point

Question 15

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

These pills must be safe and effective for reducing because Toni Gonzaga is endorsing it.

Answer 15

Appeal to Inappropriate Authority

Question 16

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

Philosophy students make up a good class.

Berto is a philosophy student.

Therefore, Berto makes up a good class.

Answer 16

Division

Question 17

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

If you are not the solution, then you are part of the problem.

Answer 17

False Dichotomy

Question 18

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

“Where will the suspect’s poor wife get financial support for her family, if you convict him? Where is your sense of justice, your sense of humanity? Where is your sense of compassion? How can you bear to see this poor man’s children suffer and eventually starve to death?”

Answer 18

Appeal to Pity

Question 19

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

Night comes before day. Therefore, night causes day.

Answer 19

False Cause

Question 20

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

God exists, because the Bible says so and the Bible is the word of God.

Answer 20

Begging the Question (Circular Argument)

Question 21

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

You came to the room before me. Therefore, you must be the cause of all the dirt in this room.

Answer 21

False Cause

Question 22

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

This man his father killed.

Answer 22

Amphiboly

Question 23

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

Where did you hide the cookies you stole?

Answer 23

Complex Question

Question 24

What is the fallacy being represented in this example?

I have known three people who are homeless and lazy. Therefore, I can say that, “All homeless people are lazy.”

Answer 24

Hasty Generalization

Question 25

What is the fallacy being represented in this example? When your mom gets your phone bill and you have gone over the limit you begin talking to her about how hard your math class is and how well you did on a test today.

Answer 25

Red Herring

Question 26

What is the fallacy being represented in this example? Why did you stop lying to your friends?

Answer 26

Complex Question

Question 27

What is the fallacy being represented in this example? "You better think twice--- vote for my candidate or lose your job."

Answer 27

Appeal to Force

Question 28

What is the fallacy being represented in this example? “Providing daycare for toddlers is like herding cats.”

Answer 28

Weak Analogy

Question 29

What is the fallacy being represented in this example? All stars are astronomical bodies. Ms. Alma Moreno is a star. Therefore, Ms. Alma Moreno is an astronomical body.

Answer 29

Equivocation

Question 30

What is the fallacy being represented in this example? Mother: Kindly limit your video game use because gaming can get in the way of your studies and chores. Son: So are you saying, I should never have fun?

Answer 30

Strawman Fallacy

Question 31

What is the fallacy being represented in this example? "How can my opponent be relied upon, he is an ex-convict?"

Answer 31

Appeal to People

Question 32

What is the fallacy being represented in this example? “You’re a jinx! Every time you show up our activity does not push through.”

Answer 32

False Cause

Question 33

What is the fallacy being represented in this example? Man has freewill because he is responsible for his actions. But why is he responsible for his actions? Because he has free will.

Answer 33

Begging the Question (Circular Argument)

Question 34

What is the fallacy being represented in this example? "Have you stopped beating your wife?"

Answer 34

Complex Question

Question 35

What is the fallacy being represented in this example? I should smoke since everybody is doing it.

Answer 35

Appeal to People

Question 36

What is the fallacy being represented in this example? A lawyer who pleads for the acquittal of his client on the ground that the client's mother has a heart problem and could have a heart attack upon hearing that her son was convicted.

Answer 36

Appeal to Pity

Question 37

Informal logic is commonly regarded as an alternative to formal or mathematical logic.

Answer 37

t

Question 38

The truth value of any statement is either true or false.

Answer 38

t

Question 39

Argument Against the Person (Argumentum ad Hominem) is rejecting an argument by attacking the person who offered it – either in pointing out a character flaw to imputing evil intentions.

Answer 39

t

Question 40

A sentence is considered proposition regardless if the truth value is not known as long as it has truth value as in the sentence, “The sun will rise tomorrow.”

Answer 40

t

Question 41

Informal logic is considered as an attempt to develop a logic that can analyze and assess the "informal" reasoning that occurs in natural language contexts in, for example, political debate, legal proceedings, social commentary, and the opinion pieces featured in the mass media (in newspapers, magazines, television, the Internet, and so on).

Answer 41

t

Question 42

Appeal to pity is the fallacy in which the argument relies on generosity, altruism, or mercy, rather than on reason.

Answer 42

t

Question 43

A fallacy is a defect in an argument that consists in something other than false premises alone. Such defects comprise either mistakes in reasoning or the creation of an illusion that makes a bad argument appear good.

Answer 43

t

Question 44

The red herring fallacy is committed when the arguer diverts the attention of the reader or listener by changing the subject to a different but sometimes subtly related one. He or she then finishes by either drawing a conclusion about this different issue or by merely presuming that some conclusion has been established.

Answer 44

t

Question 45

A fallacy is a type of argument that seems to be correct but contains a mistake in reasoning.

Answer 45

t

Question 46

Nonpropositions are statements which is neither true nor false as in the statement “Do not share fake news.”

Answer 46

t

Question 47

The fallacy of slippery slope is a variety of the false cause fallacy. It occurs when the conclusion of an argument rests on an alleged chain reaction and there is not sufficient reason to think that the chain reaction will actually take place.

Answer 47

t

Question 48

Propositions can be both true and false.

Question 49

Informal logic is also known as non-formal logic or critical thinking.

Answer 49

t

Question 50

A fallacy is an argument that is psychologically or emotionally persuasive but logically incorrect.

Answer 50

t

Question 51

Post hoc ergo propter hoc is a fallacy in which an event is presumed to have been caused by a closely preceding event. Literally, “After this; therefore, because of this.”

Answer 51

t

Question 52

The parts of propositions are subject, predicate and copula.

Answer 52

t

Question 53

Conjunctive propositions do not assert the truths of their components as in the statement “The movie is interesting or the movie in not interesting.

Question 54

A fallacy is an erroneous or incorrect reasoning.

Answer 54

t

Question 55

Argumentum non sequitur: This fallacy occurs when the conclusion doesn’t necessarily follow from the premise.

Answer 55

t

Question 56

Fallacy of Relevance is the most numerous and the most frequently encountered.

Answer 56

t

Question 57

Hasty Generalization (Converse Accident) is the fallacy occurs when there is a reasonable likelihood that the sample is not representative of the group. Such a likelihood may arise if the sample is either too small or not randomly selected.

Answer 57

t

Question 58

The principle of excluded middle states that statements cannot be both true and false at the same time and in the same respect.

Question 59

Fallacy of Accident is committed when a general rule is applied to a specific case it was not intended to cover.

Answer 59

t

Question 60

Fallacy of Defective / Weak Induction is a fallacy in which the premises are too weak or ineffective to warrant the conclusion.

Answer 60

t

Question 61

Informal logic is the study of various types of arguments in their natural setting – ordinary discourse. This logic identifies, interprets, analyzes, and evaluates arguments in various language games without using any of the templates of formal logic.

Answer 61

t

Question 62

Appeal to force is the fallacy always involves a threat by the arguer to the physical or psychological well-being of the listener or reader, who may be either an individual or a group of people.

Answer 62

t

Question 63

Informal logic is a branch of logic whose task it is to develop non-formal standards, criteria, procedures for the analysis, interpretation, evaluation, criticism, and construction of argumentation in everyday discourse.

Answer 63

t

Question 64

A sentence having two or more propositions is called simple proposition.

Question 65

If I proposition is true, then O is _____?

Answer 65

Doubtful

Question 66

If O proposition is true, then E is _____?

Answer 66

Doubtful

Question 67

If I proposition is true, then E is _____?

Question 68

If E proposition is true, then A is _____?

Question 69

If A proposition is true, then … then E is ____?

Question 70

If O proposition is true, then A is _____?

Question 71

If A proposition is true, then O is _____?

Question 72

If E proposition is true, then I is _____?

Question 73

If A proposition is false, then I is _____?

Answer 73

Doubtful

Question 74

If I proposition is true, then A is _____?

Answer 74

Doubtful

Question 75

If A proposition is false, then O is _____?

Answer 75

t

Question 76

If I proposition is false, then E is _____?

Answer 76

t

Question 77

If I proposition is false, then A is _____?

Question 78

If I proposition is false, then O is _____?

Answer 78

t

Question 79

If A proposition is false, then E is _____?

Answer 79

Doubtful

Question 80

If E proposition is false, then I is _____?

Answer 80

t

Question 81

If O proposition is true, then I is _____?

Answer 81

Doubtful

Question 82

If O proposition is false, then I is _____?

Answer 82

t

Question 83

If O proposition is false, then A is _____?

Answer 83

t

Question 84

If A proposition is true, then I is ____?

Answer 84

t

Question 85

If E proposition is false, then A is _____?

Answer 85

Doubtful

Question 86

If E proposition is false, then O is _____?

Answer 86

Doubtful

Question 87

If E proposition is true, then O is _____?

Answer 87

t

Question 88

If O proposition is false, then E is _____?

Question 89

Questions

Answer 89

Answer

Question 90

Many Filipino are fortunate.

Answer 90

Affirmative

Question 91

Not to marry when you are still young is to lose a great opportunity.

Answer 91

Affirmative

Question 92

Not to obey one's parents is bad.

Answer 92

Affirmative

Question 93

Not all working students are uncompromising.

Answer 93

Affirmative

Question 94

A plant is not an animal.

Answer 94

Negative

Question 95

Unreliable people are irresponsible.

Answer 95

Affirmative

Question 96

Computer literates are not numerous.

Answer 96

Negative

Question 97

Not all that glitters are gold.

Answer 97

Affirmative

Question 98

Whoever does good is rewarded.

Answer 98

Affirmative

Question 99

No Asians are Americans.

Answer 99

Negative

Question 100

A plant is not an animal.

Answer 100

Negative

Question 101

Classify the categorical proposition: Some S is P.

Answer 101

I

Question 102

Classify the categorical proposition: All S is not P.

Answer 102

E

Question 103

Classify the categorical proposition: No sentient beings are quadrupeds.

Answer 103

E

Question 104

No reptiles are warm-blooded animals.

Answer 104

E

Question 105

Classify the categorical proposition: No conclusion is possible.

Answer 105

E

Question 106

Classify the categorical proposition: No S is P.

Answer 106

E

Question 107

Classify the categorical proposition: ALL S is P.

Answer 107

A

Question 108

Classify the categorical proposition: Some cripples are men.

Answer 108

I

Question 109

Classify the categorical proposition: Not all S is P.

Answer 109

E, O both wrong

Question 110

Classify the categorical proposition: No organic compounds are metals.

Answer 110

E

Question 111

Classify the categorical proposition: Some mayas are not flowers.

Answer 111

O

Question 112

Classify the categorical proposition: All objects suitable for boat anchors are objects weighing at least fifteen pounds.

Answer 112

A

Question 113

Classify the categorical proposition: Some books are not unreadable.

Answer 113

O

Question 114

Classify the categorical proposition: Some S is not P.

Answer 114

O

Question 115

Classify the categorical proposition: Some European cars are overpriced and underpowered automobiles.

Answer 115

I

Question 116

Classify the categorical proposition: Some men are not Filipinos.

Answer 116

O

Question 117

Classify the categorical proposition: No citizen is an alien.

Answer 117

E

Question 118

Classify the categorical proposition: Not all S is not P.

Answer 118

I (Wrong) O??

Question 119

Classify the categorical proposition: Some vines are plants.

Answer 119

I

Question 120

Classify the categorical proposition: No geniuses are conformists.

Answer 120

E

Question 121

Classify the categorical proposition: Some clergy are not abstainers.

Answer 121

O

Question 122

Determine whether the following arguments are inductive or deductive Write I if it is inductive and D if it is deductive. Suppose figure A is a triangle having two equal angles. It follows that figure A has two equal sides.

Answer 122

D