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AQA GCSE Textiles > Fabrics > Flashcards

Fabrics Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

How are most fabrics made?

A

Weaving or knitting yarns

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2
Q

How are non-woven fabrics made?

A

Bonding or felting fibres together

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3
Q

What is the weft?

A

The yarn going across the width of the fabric

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4
Q

What is the warp?

A

The yarn going down the length of the loom

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5
Q

What is the selvedge?

A

The side of the fabric where the welts are double backed to form a non fraying edge

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of woven fabric?

A

Plain weave
Twill weave
Satin weave

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7
Q

How is plain weave fabric woven?

A

The warp and weft ar aligned so they form a simple crisscross pattern

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8
Q

How is twill weave fabric woven?

A

The crossings of the weft and warp are offset to give a diagonal pattern on the fabric surface

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9
Q

How is satin weave fabric woven?

A

There is a complex arrangement of weft and warp threads, which allowed longer float threads either across the warp or the weft

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10
Q

What are the properties and uses of plain weave fabric?

A

Strong
Hard wearing

Fashion and furnishing

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11
Q

What are the properties and uses of twill weave fabric?

A

Strong
Drapes well

Jeans, jackets and curtains

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12
Q

What effect does the long floats on a satin weave have?

A

The light falling in the yarn doesn’t scatter and break up creating a smooth and lustrous surface

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13
Q

What are the two satin weave variations?

A

Jacquard and damask

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14
Q

What are the two types of knitted fabrics?

A

Weft knitted and warp knitted

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15
Q

How is weft knitted fabric made?

A

Looping together long lengths of yarn. Yarn runs in rows across the fabric. If the stitch is dropped it will ladder down the length of fabric

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16
Q

How is warp knitted fabric made?

A

The loops interlock vertically along the length of fabric

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17
Q

Which knitted fabric can be done by hand?

A

Weft knitted fabric

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18
Q

What are the properties and uses of weft knitted fabrics

A

Stretchy
Comfortable

Socks, t-shirts and jumpers

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19
Q

What are the properties and uses of plain warp knitted fabric?

A

Slightly stretchy
Doesn’t ladder

Swimwear, underwear and geotextiles

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20
Q

How are bonded fibre fabrics made?

A

Webs of synthetic fibres are bonded together with heat adhesives

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21
Q

What are the pros of using bonded fibre fabrics?

A 
Cheap to produce
Easy to sew
Crease resistant 
So not fray
Washable and dry cleanable
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22
Q

What are the cons of bonded fibre fabrics

A

Not as strong as woven or knitted fabrics

Mainly used for interlining

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23
Q

How is wool felt made?

A

Animal hair or wool fibres are matted together using moisture heat and pressure

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24
Q

What are the pros of felted fabric?

A

Warm

Doesn’t fray

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25
What are the cons of felted fabrics?
No strength No drape No elasticity Wool felt is expensive
26
What is felted fabric used for?
Hats slippers and handcraft
27
What are modern and smart fabrics designed to do?
``` Maximise certain characteristics; Lightness Breathability Waterproofing Etc ``` React to heat or light
28
How are modern/smart fabrics usual made?
Using microfibres
29
What are the properties of woven polyester/microfibres?
``` Woven polyester makes it; Lightweight Soft Good drape Breathable Shower proof ```
30
What are the uses of microfibres/woven polyester?
Raincoats Active sportswear Fashion clothing
31
What are the properties of polar fleece?
Lightweight Soft Breathable Warm
32
What is polar fleece?
Brushed polyester in a warp knit
33
What are the uses of polar fleece?
Fleece; Jumpers Jackets Blankets
34
What is gore-tex?
Laminated membrane
35
What are the properties of gore tex?
Breathable Lightweight Waterproof
36
What are the uses of gore tex
All weather jackets and shoes
37
What is micro-encapsulated fabric?
Different micro capsules are embedded into a fibre or fabric
38
What Properties can micro-encapsulated fabric have?
Aromatic scent Reduces body odour Provide vitamins Reduce skin irritation
39
What is micro-encapsulated fabric used for?
Underwear Anti bacterial socks Medical textiles
40
What is thermochromic material?
Heat sensitive fabric
41
What properties can thermochromic material have?
Change colour in response to heat | Only lasts 5-10 washes
42
What uses does thermochromic material have?
Children's clothes Sporting clothing Firefighters clothing Wound dressings
43
what are photochromic dyes?
Light sensitive dyes
44
What are the properties of photochromic dyes?
Change colour in response to sunlight
45
What are the uses of photochromic dyes?
Tshirts | Military clothing
46
What are combination fabrics?
Layered and combined fabrics
47
Why use combination fabrics?
They have improved handle performance and appearance
48
What do interfacing fabrics such as vilene do?
Stitched or laminated into other fabrics
49
What are benefits of using interfacing fabric?
reinforces, stiffens and gives strength to collars and cuffs to prevent the fabric from stretching or sagging
50
What is quilted fabric?
Fabric with two or more layers sewn together
51
What are the benefits of quilted fabrics?
Attractive appearance | Added warmth
52
What are the benefits of kevlar?
High strength Lightweight Flexible
53
What are the uses of Kevlar?
Bicycle tyres Racing sails Police bulletproof vests
54
What is thinsulate fabric?
High insulating but thin fabric | Contains fine microfibres to capture more air in less space
55
What are the benefits of thinsulate?
``` Insulated Machine and dry washable Breathable Moisture resistant L ```
56
What is the main use of thinsulate?
As a primary layer for scuba divers diving in cold waters | Worn under a dry suit
57
What is memory foam?
Mounds to users shape but can return to original state
58
Why was memory foam initially created?
For NASA astronauts
59
What is memory foam used for?
Mattresses seats Space suits
60
What is smart shape memory alloy?
Returns to original shape when heated
61
How are smart memory shirts made?
Smart memory fibres are woven with nylon
62
What is special about smart memory shirts?
Don't need ironing
63
What is fast skin?
Simulated texture of sharks skin
64
What is fastskin used for? What are its properties?
Reduces water drag with textures | Good for swimming suits
65
What questions should you ask when choosing a fabric?
``` Natural or synthetic fibre? Woven, knitted or non woven fabric? Dying, printing, mechanical finishing or chemical finishing? What is the end use? What are the aftercare requirements? ```
66
What 3 factors will determine the fabrics aesthetic, functional and comfort properties?
Fibre content Fabric construction Finishing processes
67
What are aesthetic properties?
Handle Drape Colour Appearance
68
What are functional properties?
``` Strength Durability crease resistance Flame resistance Stain resistance Water resistance After care Cost ```
69
What are comfort properties?
``` absorbency Breathability Elasticity Softness Stretch Warmth ```
70
What properties do cycling jackets need?
``` Warm Breathable Elastic Wind proof Water resistant ```
71
What properties do children's jumpers need?
``` Soft Colourful Stretchy Warm Easy care ```
72
What properties do seatbelts need?
Strong Durable Flame resistant
73
What properties do fire protective clothing need?
``` Strong Durable Flame resistant Water resistant Breathable Elastic ```
74
What properties do geotextiles need
Strong | Durable

AQA GCSE Textiles (2 decks)

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