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Materials And Hardware > Fabrics > Flashcards

Fabrics Flashcards

1
Q

When would you use light cotton fabric?

A

To cover a wooden surface

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2
Q

What does tape prevent with fabrics?

A

Prevents chafing between the structure and the fabric

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3
Q

When is tape also used?

A

It is also used externally to protect the fabric against damage by the stringing cord

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4
Q

What do the type of threads depend on?

A

The different job of the material

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5
Q

What sort of material is usually used for stringing?

A

Flax/nylon cords

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6
Q

How should you store all fabrics used for covering?

A

Should be stored in a dry, clean environment, away from sunlight and at a temperature of about 20 degrees C

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7
Q

What can you do to prevent chaffing from sharp edges, bolts and screws?

A

Cover them

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8
Q

What can be used to prevent dope from reacting with protective coverings?

A

Adhesive cellulose aluminium tape or dope resistant paint

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9
Q

What should you do to internal controls and cables?

A

Tighten and assume normal positions and secure at the root rib

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10
Q

Why must locations be noted after tightening internal controls and cables?

A

So that the stringing pitch can be selected to avoid chaffing and interference

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11
Q

What are the 2 methods used for fabric coverings?

A

Prefabricated envelopes

Blanket method

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12
Q

What is the prefabricated envelope method?

A

Envelopes that are made loose enough to facilitate slipping them over the structure to achieve the proper tautness after doping

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13
Q

What is the blanket method?

A

a length of fabric or fabrics joined side-by-side and used to cover the aircraft structure

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14
Q

What are the 2 machined seams used for aircraft?

A

Balloon (french fell) seam

Lap seam

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15
Q

Describe the process of the balloon seam

A

edges of the fabric are folded back and are then fitted into each other as shown, tacked together and then machine sewn

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16
Q

When should a lap seam be used?

A

Only when specified by the manufacturer

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17
Q

What covers the edges of a lap seam?

A

A serrated strip

Edges are serrated with pinking shears

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18
Q

What is the overhand stitch otherwise known as?

A

Trailing edge stitch

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19
Q

When is an overhand stitch used?

A

When sudden changes of sections occur such as
Trailing edges
Wing tips
Wing root ends

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20
Q

What must be allowed when using the overhand stitch method?

A

Excess fabric so it can be turned under before sewing

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21
Q

How many stitches per cm must be done in an overhand stitch and when should a locking stitch be placed?

A

3 stitches per cm

Locking stitch ever 50cm

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22
Q

What should use when using threads and cords, that have not been pre waxed, for hand sewing and stringing?

A

a liberal coating of Beeswax

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23
Q

What does a coating of beeswax do to thread and cords?

A

Prevents damage in the fabric (holes) , assists in sewing and protects the thread used

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24
Q

What cord is usually used for stringing purposes?

A

Flax cords

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25
Q

What sort of flax cord is usually used unless the repair scheme dictates otherwise?

A

Single strand flax cord

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26
Q

Where on an aircraft is boom stringing found?

A

Deep Aerofoil sections

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27
Q

How does boom stringing differ from typical stringing methods?

A

The cord is passed around the rib boom instead of around the entire rib

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28
Q

What is the slipstream area?

A

It is considered to be the diameter of the propeller plus one rib on either side

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29
Q

What are the methods used for fabric attachment?

A

Adhesives and dope

30
Q

What sort of aircraft are adhesives and dopes used on and where?

A

Light aircraft

Wings and tail planes

31
Q

On what material is dope most commonly used?

A

Wood structures and occasionally used on metal surfaces

32
Q

What are other methods of fabric attachment?

A

Attachment by strip and special stringing

33
Q

Where are drainage holes placed?

A

On lower surfaces of components or the places where moisture entrapment is possible

34
Q

What are drainage eyelets?

A

Usually oval or circular shape and are doped onto the surface of the fabric, or are secured by stitching pre pierced holes in the eyelets before the finishing scheme is applied

35
Q

What is shielded eyelets?

A

Sometimes used in special positions to improve damage or ventilation.

36
Q

What are the three methods commonly used to inspect panels?

A

Wood frames
Zip panels
Spring panels

37
Q

What is a disadvantage of using the wood frame method?

A

A new patch must be doped on after each inspection and finishing scheme applied

38
Q

What are the examples of fabric repair methods?

A

Herring bone stitch
Woods frame repair
Repair by darning
Insert repair

39
Q

What is the herring bone stitch?

A

It repairs straight tears and cuts which have more sound edges
After repair the stitching is covered with a doped patch

40
Q

What is woods frame repair?

A

Repairs cuts with jagged edges

41
Q

What is daring?

A

Used to repair irregular holes smaller than 2 inches wide
The stitching should follow the lines of the warp and weft and the whole repair should be covered with a serrated fabric patch

42
Q

What is insert repair ?

A

Repairs holes over the size of 4 inches

43
Q

What are the two types of fabric tests?

A

Seyboth test

Maule test

44
Q

What is the seyboth test?

A

Seyboth test uses a penetrating cone and a plunger that is pushed down until it pentrates the surface of the fabric. It is marked by coloured bands or a graduated colour scale

45
Q

What is the maule test?

A

The maule test uses a spring loaded instrument with a blunt tip and a calibrated scale. It is pushed down on the fabric until the laid down breaking point of the fabric is registered on the scale.

If the fabric has been puncture it fails

46
Q

What advantage does man made fabrics have to natural fabrics?

A

Man made fabrics last longer and are less susceptible to damage

47
Q

What are the two main man made fabrics used in aircraft?

A

Polyester fibre

Fibreglass

48
Q

What damages could natural fibres be susceptible to?

A

Sunlight
Fungal growth
Pollution

49
Q

What are examples of natural fibres?

A

Cotton

Linen

50
Q

What does the dope film do?

A

Increases tautness of natural fabrics
Waterproofing
Airproofing
Lightproofing

51
Q

What is tautening?

A

To tighten

52
Q

What are the two types if dope used?

A

Cellulose nitrate

Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)

53
Q

What cant cellulose nitrate be used on?

A

Glass fibres

54
Q

What is a disadvantage of nitrate dope?

A

It is highly flammable

55
Q

What is a solution to the solvents in dope that attack the paint and soften it?

A

Dope proof paint

56
Q

What is dope proof paint?

A

Used to coat the structure which will be in contact with a doped fabric

57
Q

What are some characteristics of aluminium dopes?

A

Makes the fabric lightproof and prevents damage from UV radiation

58
Q

What are thinners used for?

A

Used to allow thinning for spraying purposes

59
Q

What is MEK used for?

A

Used as a cleaning agent to remove wax and dirt for preparing surfaces or redoping

60
Q

What does MEK stand for?

A

Methylethyl-ketone

61
Q

What are fungicides?

A

Added to the first cost of dope on natural fabrics to protect from fungus and mildew

62
Q

What are tack rags?

A

A rag that is slightly dampened with thinners and is used to wipe surfaces after sanding in preparation for the next coat

63
Q

Why must you take precaution when using dope?

A

It has a low flash point and its vapours are dangerous

64
Q

What is one of the most common causes of ignition for doped materials?

A

Static electricity

65
Q

How do you prevent static build up?

A

Ground all structures

66
Q

What mixed with dope causes a spontaneous combustion?

A

Zinc chromate

67
Q

How can you control the conditions at work when doping?

A

Control the temperature and humidity - doping must be left overnight in a cool environment then at room temperature. Temp must be kept between 21 and 26 degrees C

Ventilation - to remove harsh and heavy vapours

Cleanliness of equipment and removal of moisture

68
Q

How can humidity be tested in a room?

A

Use of wet and dry bulb method

69
Q

Describe the application of doping on natural fabrics

A

Priming coat - 1st coat applied to raw fabric
- should contain fungicide and thinned to ensure penetration

Filling coat - sanded after 1st priming coat and applied at a right angles to each other before layers dry. Aluminium coat should make it lightproof

Finishing coat - number of coats will be determined as a balance between cost and quality but should not be less than 3

70
Q

Describe the application of doping to polyester fabrics

A

Priming coat - 1st coat applied but does not require fungicide. Make sure it penetrates every fibre

Filling coat - sanded after 1st priming coat and applied at right angles to each other before previous layer dries. Aluminium doping makes it light proof

Finishing coat - fibres tend to show more and if too many coats are put on, starts to crack

71
Q

Describe the application of doping on fibre glass fabrics

A

Priming coat - nitrate dope NOT used and 5 thin coats are applied to prevent orange peeling and filling of fibres normally

Filling coat - sanded after 1st priming coat and applied at right angles to each other before previous layer dries. Aluminium doping makes it light proof

Finishing coat - fibres tend to show more and if too many coats are put on, starts to crack

72
Q

What are the considerations needed to be made for doping?

A

The weight of the dope applied to the fabric is an indication that the scheme has been correctly applied

When aircraft have been recovered and doped, test samples are made at the same time

The sample should be weighed before and after doping

Materials And Hardware (6 decks)

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