Face

Question 1

Pretremantric branch to frontonasal prominence

Answer 1

CN V1 -opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve

Question 2

what primordia are the muscles of facial expression derived from?

Answer 2

myoblasts assoc. w/ 2nd pharyngeal arch

Question 3

why are muscles of facial expression innervated by CNVII, nerve of 2nd arch?

Answer 3

myoblasts migrate into the face (1st arch territory), drag innervation w/ them

Question 4

2 foramina in zygomatic bone

Answer 4

1. zygomaticofacial foramen

2. zygomaticotemporal foramen - located on deep surface of zygomatic bone

Question 5

innervation of muscles of facial expression

Answer 5

CN VII - facial

Question 6

orbicularis oculi

Answer 6

circular muscle surrounding eye; closes eyelid

Question 7

zygomaticus major

Answer 7

attaches to corner of mouth; produces smile

Question 8

orbicularis oris

Answer 8

circular muscle surrounding mouth; closes mouth

Question 9

buccinator

Answer 9

muscle of cheek; used when blowing and chewing

Question 10

frontalis

Answer 10

muscle of forehead

Question 11

additional muscles of 2nd arch

Answer 11

platysma, posterior digastric, stylohyoid

Question 12

sensory innervation of face

Answer 12

CN V - trigeminal nerve

Question 13

where are afferent fibers cell bodies for CN V?

Answer 13

sensory ganglion (trigeminal or semilumnar ganglion)

Question 14

Which foramina in cranial fossa do the branches of CN V pass through

Answer 14

V1- superior orbital fissure
V2 - foramen rotundum
V3 - foramen ovale

Question 15

branches of CNV1 that innervate skin of the face (inferior –> superior)

Answer 15

1. external nasal n. –> skin on bridge of nose
2. infratrochlear n. –> skin on medial corner of eye + bridge of nose
3. lacrimal n. –> skin on lateral corner of eye
4. supratrochlear n.–> skin of forehead
5. supraorbital n. –> skin of forehead

Question 16

branches of CNV2 that innervate the face (inferior –> superior)

Answer 16

1. infraorbital n.
2. zygomaticofacial n.
3. zygomaticotemporal n.

Question 17

branches of CNV3 that innervate the face (inferomedial –> superolateral)

Answer 17

innervation of “beard-like” portion of skin

1. mental
2. buccal
3. auricular temporal

Question 18

major source of blood supply to face

Answer 18

facial artery (branch of ECA)

Question 19

branches of the facial artery (inferior –> superior)

Answer 19

1. inferior labial a.
2. superior labial a.
3. septal branch (source of nose bleeds)
4. angular a. (terminates near medial corner of eye)

Question 20

arteries that supply the face other than facial + facial branches

Answer 20

• transverse facial (branch of superficial temporal)
• supraorbital and supratrochlear a. (branches of opthalmic a.)
• infraorbital + mental a. (branches of maxillary a.)

Question 21

branches of internal carotid artery that supply the face

Answer 21

internal carotid a. –> opthalmic a. –> supraorbital + supratrochlear

Question 22

branches of maxillary a. that supply the face

Answer 22

infraorbital a. and mental a.

Question 23

venous drainage of the face ultimately drains into ____

Answer 23

IJV - branches prior have same names as arteries

Question 24

supraorbital v. and supratrochlear v. drain into ____

Answer 24

opthalmic vein

Question 25

facial veins merge with ____ b/f draining into IJV

Answer 25

retromandibular vein

Question 26

where does the parotid gland empty?

Answer 26

into oral cavity opposite to 2nd upper molar tooth

Question 27

what is the parotid sheath that surrounds the parotid gland made of?

Answer 27

investing fascia

Question 28

location of parotid gland

Answer 28

Superficial part: anterior and inferior to ear | Deep part: b/t mastoid process and ramus of mandible

Question 29

course of parotid duct

Answer 29

traverses face on surface of masseter muscle --> pierces buccinator --> empties into oral cavity opposite to 2nd upper molar

Question 30

what three important structures pass through the parotid gland?

Answer 30

1. facial nerve 2. external carotid artery 3. retromandibular vein

Question 31

how/where does CN VII exit the skull?

Answer 31

travels along internal acoustic meatus --> exits through stylomastoid foramen

Question 32

Motor branches of facial nerve go to what muscles?

Answer 32

- occipitalis - posterior digastric - stylohyoid

Question 33

5 terminal branches of the facial nerve (superior --> inferior)

Answer 33

TO ZANZIBAR BY MOTORCAR 1. temporal 2. zygomatic 3. buccal 4. marginal mandibular 5. cervical

Question 34

retromandibular vein is formed by the junction of ____ and _____

Answer 34

superficial and maxillary veins

Question 35

what area does the retromandibular vein drain?

Answer 35

scalp and deep face

Question 36

sensory innervation of parotid gland

Answer 36

auriculotemporal nerve (branch of CN V3)

Question 37

secretomotor innervation of parotid gland - parasymp, symp, or both?

Answer 37

both!

Question 38

parasymp innervation for parotid gland

Answer 38

CN IX - glossopharyngeal --> otic ganglion --> postganglionic parasymps in auriculotemporal nerve

Question 39

symp innervation for parotid gland

Answer 39

postganglionic (cell bodies where in superior cervical ganglion) --> external carotid n. and plexus

Question 40

5 layers of scalp

Answer 40

``` S- skin C- connective tissue A- aponeurosis L - loose CT P - periosteum ```

Question 41

in which layer of the scalp are the vessels and nerves found?

Answer 41

connective tissue

Question 42

in which layer of the scalp is the occipitalfrontalis muscle?

Answer 42

aponeurosis

Question 43

which layer allows the scalp to move freely over the calvaria?

Answer 43

loose CT

Question 44

occipitofrontalis muscle

Answer 44

two bellies: frontal is and occipitals | action: moves scalp, frontalis wrinkles forehead

Question 45

innervation of occipitofrontalis

Answer 45

CN VII (it is a muscle of facial expression)

Question 46

blood supply of anterior scalp

Answer 46

supraorbital and supratrochlear a. (ICA --> opthalmic a. --> supraorbital + supratrochlear)

Question 47

blood supply to lateral scalp

Answer 47

``` superficial temporal (terminal branch of ECA) posterior auricular a. (small branch of ECA) ```

Question 48

blood supply to posterior scalp

Answer 48

occipital artery (branch of ECA)

Question 49

veins from scalp

Answer 49

travel w/ and have same name as arteries

Question 50

why do scalp lesions bleed so much?

Answer 50

blood vessels are in dense CT --> can't constrict when cut

Question 51

why don't lesions superficial to layer 3 gape open?

Answer 51

aponeurosis beneath holds them together

Question 52

sensory innervation to anterior scalp

Answer 52

CNV1 branches - supraorbital and supratrochlear

Question 53

sensory innervation to lateral scalp

Answer 53

spinal nerves - - zygomaticotemporal (CN V2 branch) --> small area lateral to eye - auriculotemporal (CN V3 branch) --> majority of skin of lateral scalp - lesser occipital n.

Question 54

sensory innervation to posterior scalp

Answer 54

branches of cervical spinal nerve C2 + C3