Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NSB > Face and mouth > Flashcards

Face and mouth Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the temporal fossa

A
  • This is the most lateral fossa of the face and is a rounded fossa found on the Superolateral Aspect of the Skull
  • This is found between the Superior Temporal Line found superiorly and across the Frontal Bone anteriorly and the Occipital Bone posteriorly (Superior and Posterior Boundary), the Zygomatic Process and Lateral Surface of the Mandible inferiorly, Zygomatic Arch anteroinferiorly and the Frontal and the Sphenoid Bones anteriorly
  • The Posterior Boundary is the Styloid process and Tympanic Plate of the Temporal Bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the boundaries of the infratemporal fossa

A
  • This is found between the Pharynx medially and the medial side of the ascending ramus of the mandible laterally
  • The Roof of the Infratemporal Fossa is formed predominantly by the Inferior Surface of the Greater Wing of the Sphenoid
  • The Stylomastoid Foramen is found just deep/medial to the Mastoid Process of the Temporal Bone and just lateral to the Styloid Process of the Temporal Bone
  • The Styloid Process of the Temporal Bone and Tympanic Plate of the Temporal Bone form the Posterior Aspect of the Roof of the Infratemporal Fossa and the Medial and Lateral Pterygoid Plates of the Sphenoid form the Anterior Aspect of its Medial Border
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the arteries in the infratemporal fossa

A

The terminal branches of the external
carotid artery divide in the
infratemporal fossa:

  • Maxillary artery to supply ear, nose,
    palate and pharynx
  • Middle meningeal artery
  • Inferior alveolar artery
  • Superficial temporal artery to supply
    scalp, temporalis muscle and
    parotid gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the veins in the infratemporal fossa

A

Pterygoid plexus drains the
region (intracranial region, occipital
bone, basilar part
)
* Receives blood from inferior
orbital veins

  • Collecting vessels are the
    retromandibular and internal
    jugular v.
  • Connections to deep facial v. and
    to the cavernous sinus
    Danger of tracking maxillary
    infections into the region of the
    cavernous sinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the neural stuctures in the infratemporal fossa

A

Motor and sensory fibres from
the mandibular division of the
trigeminal nerve (Viii) to the
infratemporal fossa and mouth
(via foramen ovale)
* Motor fibres from the facial nerve
(VII) to the facial musculature via
stylomastoid foramen
* Chorda tympani (VII)
accompanies the lingual nerve to
the submandibular salivary glands
and taste fibres to the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe salivary glands and their innervation

A

Ducted (exocrine) glands which produce saliva
* Three pairs: parotid, submandibular and
sublingual glands
* Salivary secretion is under parasympathetic
stimulation (parotid – see next slide,
submandibular and sublingual glands via facial
nerve (VII) and submandibular ganglion)
* Sympathetic innervation is via the T1-T3
spinal nerves and the superior cervical
ganglion.
Note: sympathetic innervation can also
increase salivation by stimulating more blood
flow into the glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the parotid gland

A

Parotid duct drains through the buccinator muscle into the oral cavity, the outlet is near the M2 of the
maxilla

  • Facial nerve (VII) motor branches on their way to
    the face are embedded within it
  • Parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland is
    from the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) via the lesser
    petrosal n. travelling through the foramen ovale to
    the otic ganglion. From there, fibres travel with the
    auriculotemporal nerve (Viii)
  • Sympathetic innervation is via superior cervical
    ganglion, fibres travel in the auriculotemporal
    nerve as well
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the components of the mandible

A
  • Condylar process
  • Mandibular notch
  • Coronoid process
  • Ramus
  • Body
  • Angle
  • Alveolar process
  • Mental foramen
  • Mandibular foramen
  • Genial fossa
  • Mylohyoid line
    Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) – a synovial joint between
    the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone and the condylar
    process of the mandible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe TMJ (transmandibular joint) movement (including the upper and lower compartment)

A

Divided by a (fibrocartilaginous) articular disc
into:

  • Upper compartment
  • Lower compartment
    Upper compartment:
    Antero-posterior gliding of
    the mandibular condyle.
    The articular disc moves
    with the mandibular condyle
    Lower compartment:
    Rotation of the mandibular
    condyle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Temporalis and masseter muscles

A

Masseter
Zygomatic arch and angle of mandible attachments
Elevates (raises) and protrudes the mandible and closes the mouth

Temporalis
Wide attachments across parietal, temporal and frontal bones
Passes deep to zygomatic arch, attaches to coronoid process of the mandible
Anterior fibres run vertically and elevate the mandible; posterior fibres run almost horizontally and retract the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the lateral pterygoid muscle

A

Attachments on the lateral surface of the lateral
pterygoid plate (sphenoid), the neck of the
mandibular condyle and the disc of the TMJ
Depresses and protrudes the mandible and
moves the articular disc forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the medial pterygoid muscle

A

Attachments on the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate (sphenoid) and the medial surface of the mandibular angle

Elevates and protrudes the mandible
All masticatory muscles are innervated by a motor branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (Viii)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the possible movements of the mandible

A

Protrustion/elevation
elevation/depression
lateral movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the bones in the bones or facial skull

A

Sphenoid
* Temporal (zygomatic process)
* Maxilla
* Zygomatic
* Palatine
* Mandible
* Hyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the facial muscles of expression

A

orbicularis oris keeps the lips closed
* buccinator in the cheek helps to
move food around within the mouth
so that it engages with the teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the sensory and motor distribution of the the trigeminal nerve on the face

A

Sensory supply of the face is provided by the
trigeminal nerve (Vi, Vii, and Viii)

Motor supply:
Muscles of mastication are supplied by the
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (Viii)

The muscles of facial expression are supplied by the facial nerve (VII)

Bell’s palsy vs. upper motor neuron lesion:
Nerve fibres from both left and right sides of the
brain innervate muscles above the eye – the
orbicularis oculi can still function after a stroke

17
Q

What are the motor branches of the facial nerve

A
  • Motor fibres leave the
    posterior cranial fossa via
    the stylomastoid foramen
  • Travel underneath the
    parotid gland
  • Supply the facial
    expression musculature
18
Q

Describe the course of the facial nerve in the temporal bone

A

Enters the petrosal part of the temporal
bone via internal acoustic meatus, most of
the nerve travels through the tympanic
cavity to the stylomastoid foramen
* The motor branch of the facial nerve
leaves via this route

  • The greater petrosal nerve on its way to
    the lacrimal gland and the chorda
    typmpani turn off in the tympanic cavity
    and reach their destination by hitchhiking
    with the trigeminal divisions (ophthalmic
    and mandibular divisions of the trigeminal
    nerve V)
19
Q

Describe the vasculature of the face

A

Facial artery (branch of the external carotid):
Over the ramus of the mandible, along the
lateral aspect of the nose

  • Anastomoses with orbital and scalp vessels
    and the superficial temporal artery
  • Facial vein:
    Runs along the facial artery
  • Communicates with orbital veins and
    intracranial venous sinuses, drains to the
    internal jugular vein directly (and via the
    retromandibular vein)
20
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity

A

Roof: hard and soft palate

  • Floor: mylohyoid muscle
  • Anterior boundary: teeth +
    lips
  • Postero-lateral boundary:
    palatoglossal arches
21
Q

Describe teeth

A

Main tool for cutting up (maxillary) and grinding (mandibular) food. They sit in “pockets” in the maxillary
and mandibular alveolar bone
* The peridontal apparatus secures teeth in the surrounding bone and conveys sensations of touch and
pressure to trigeminal nerve CNVii, CNViii
* The pattern of tooth eruption is crucial for estimating a child’s age

22
Q

Describe the spaces of the oral cavity (vestibule/buccal cavity/oral cavity proper)

A

The mouth has 2 potential spaces:
* The vestibule or buccal cavity
Defined by outer surface of teeth
and alveolar ridges, the cheeks and
the lips (often a collapsed space)
* Oral cavity proper
* when the teeth are occluded it is
almost completely filled by the
tongue

23
Q

Describe the tongue and its somatosensory innervation

A

Divided into anterior 2/3rd (oral cavity) and posterior 1/3rd (oropharynx) by the terminal sulcus
* The tongue body of striated muscles has NO skeletal components but works like a hydrostat
(e.g. elephant trunk or octopus tentacle)
* Muscles of the left and right half are separated by a midline fibrous septum/raphe
* It has attachments to the anterior mandible and the hyoid but the tip moves relatively free
and can be protruded
* The tongue is extremely important in chewing, swallowing, taste sensation and speech
articulation: It is a most important speech articulator and involved in the production of
majority of phonemes in English language

24
Q

Describe the musculature of the tongue

A

Extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles
work together:

Intrinsic muscles modify the shape of the
tongue
Intrinsic muscles attach to the tongue
midline, raphe and the mucosa

Extrinsic muscles move the tongue body
within the oral cavity
Extrinsic muscles attach the tongue to the
hyoid bone, styloid process of the
temporal bone, mandible and soft palate

Digastric
Intrinsic tongue muscles
Genioglossus
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Styloglossus

Motor innervation:
Hypoglossal n. CNXII – for all tongue muscles except palatoglossus (vagus n. CNX). If the hypoglossal n. is
damaged and tongue muscles are paralysed, the tongue will deviate to the injured side (overpowering genioglossus
on the intact side)

NSB (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions