Facial Muscles Flashcards
(39 cards)
Why is vision important?
for balance, communication, and locating / receiving info from environment
How is position of eyes controlled?
skeletal muscle
What muscles roll eyeballs up? And down?
superior rectus (up)inferior rectus (down)
What muscles roll eyeballs laterally? And medially?
lateral rectus (laterally)medial rectus (medially)
What muscles roll eyeballs up and medial? And down and lateral?
inferior oblique (up and medial)superior oblique (down and lateral)
What function does occulotomotor ROM give us, and how is it evaluated?
“smooth pursuits” - tracking in a coordinated way.Evaluate with “H” test and diagonal test
How is ocular alignment evaluated?
Test by covering one eye. If the other eye deviates inward, that is esotropia. If it deviates outward, that is ecotropia.
What is saccades and how is it evaluated?
Saccades is sequenced rapid eye movement between fixation points. It turns off peripheral vision, so is useful for an activity such as reading. Test by using two points in front of pt’s eyes and having them adjust back and forth. It is more difficult when points are closer.
What is convergence and how is it evaluated?
Convergence is adduction of both eyes at the same time while still seeing just one object. Evaluate by having pt follow your finger while you bring it closer to their nose.
How do OTs work in optometry?
On eye retraining and ADL retraining.
Why are muscles of facial expression important?
- non-verbal communication- cosmoses (improvement/correction of a disfiguring condition)??? (I THINK?)
What is innervated by CN VII?
all the facial muscles and the facial nerve
Lesions of VII can be central or peripheral. What is the difference?
A central nerve lesion is damage to the part that is still in the brain. A peripheral nerve lesion is damage to the part that exits the brain or any part after that. Functionally: peripheral results in paralysis of all facial muscles on side of lesion while central results in paresis (not complete paralysis) on contralateral side of lesion.
How are facial muscles affected with a peripheral nerve lesion?
Flaccid paralysis in all muscles ON SAME SIDE AS LESION. - the affected side becomes smooth- chewing and handling of fluids and saliva is impaired- some speech impairment(Bell’s Palsy is a peripheral nerve issue.)
How are facial muscles affected with a central nerve lesion?
Paralysis of muscle of lower face ON OPPOSITE SIDE OF LESION. - Muscles of upper face spared because there are contralateral AND ipsilateral connections there - allowing for compensation. But there are only contralateral connections for lower face.- speech, chewing, and handling of fluids all affected
What are the motions at the temporal-mandibular joint? (TMJ)
mandibular depression: opening of mouthmandibular elevation: closing of mouthprotrusion: jutting chin forwardretrusion: pulling chin backlateral deviation of mandible: sliding teeth to either side
Mandibular depression and elevation are symmetrical motions around which axis?
frontal
What forms the TMJ?
The condyle of the mandible, the articular eminence of the temporal bone, and the articular disc between the two. (There are two of these - one on each side of the jaw.)
What is the most used joint in the body?
The TMJ!
What is the purpose of the articular disc in the TMJ, and how does it articulate with the mandible and the temporal bone?
- provides lubrication and cushioning- divides joint into (larger) superior and inferior space.SUPERIOR joint (temporal bone/top surface of disc) is a GLIDING JOINT.INFERIOR joint (mandible/bottom surface of disc) is a HINGE JOINT.
What purpose do the three parts of the TMJ articular disc serve?
- Anterior part attaches to joint capsule and LATERAL PTERYGOID muscle. 2. Intermediate part is weight-bearing, but thinnest part. It’s avascular and has no nerve endings. 3. Posterior part, sandwiched between temporal bone / mandible, is vascular, innervated by CN V (trigem. nerve)
What motions are involved in mandibular depression?
Rotation followed by translation.
What accounts for the first 11-25 mm of the jaw opening?
Rotation: Anterior rotation of the mandibular condyle on the TMJ’s articular disc. This is a LOWER JOINT movement.
What accounts for the rest of the jaw opening, beyond 25 mm?
Translation: The whole condyle/disc complex moves anteriorly and inferiorly (forward and down) along the articular eminence of the temporal bone. This is an UPPER JOINT movement.
