Factories Act, 1948

Question 1

How many Sections, Schedules are there in Factories Act 1948

Answer 1

11 Chapters
3 Schedules

Question 2

What chapter 1 talks about in Factories act 1948?

Answer 2

the preliminary provisions, including the short title, extent, commencement, and key definitions of terms such as “factory,” “worker,” and “occupier” used throughout the Act.

Question 3

How many sections are there in Chapter 1 preliminary?

Answer 3

7

Question 4

Section 1
Short Title, extent and commencement

Answer 4

1. It extends to whole of India.
2. came into force on the 1st day of April

Question 5

Section 2
Interpretation

Answer 5

Defines key terms used in the Act

Question 6

Adult according to Factories act

Answer 6

A person who has completed his eighteenth year of age

Question 7

Adolescent according to Factories act

Answer 7

a person who has completed his fifteenth year of age but has not
completed his eighteenth year

Question 8

Child according to Factories act

Answer 8

a person who has not completed his fifteenth year of age

Question 9

hazardous process according to Factories act

Answer 9

any process or activity in a factory that involves the handling of substances or operations that may cause significant risks to the health and safety of workers, including processes that generate harmful or toxic substances, pose fire or explosion hazards, or involve the use of machinery that could lead to accidents.

Question 10

young person

Answer 10

a person who is either a child or an adolescent

Question 11

Day

Answer 11

a period of twenty-four hours beginning at midnight

Question 12

Week

Answer 12

a period of seven days beginning at midnight on Saturday night

Question 13

Power

Answer 13

electrical energy, or any other form of energy which is mechanically
transmitted and is not generated by human or animal agency

Question 14

prime mover

Answer 14

any engine, motor or other appliance which generates or otherwise
provides power

Question 15

transmission machinery

Answer 15

any shaft, wheel, drum, pulley, system of pulleys, coupling,
clutch, driving belt or other appliance or device by which the motion of a prime mover is transmitted
to or received by any machinery or appliance

Question 16

Manufacturing Process

Answer 16

any process involving the making, altering, repairing, finishing, packing, or any other operation that transforms raw materials or goods into finished products. This includes any activities that result in the production or assembly of items, whether through mechanical, chemical, or manual methods, and encompasses various industries such as textiles, food processing, chemicals, and machinery

Question 17

Worker

Answer 17

a person 4
[employed, directly or by or through any agency (including a
contractor) with or without the knowledge of the principal employer, whether for remuneration or
not], in any manufacturing process, or in cleaning any part of the machinery or premises used for a
manufacturing process, or in any other kind of work incidental to, or connected with, the
manufacturing process, or the subject of the manufacturing process

Question 18

Section 3
References to Time of Day

Answer 18

Indian Standard
Time, being five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time

Question 19

Section 4
Power to declare different departments to be separate factories or two or more factories to be a
single factory.

Answer 19

allows government authorities to classify manufacturing units based on their operations. This means that if departments operate independently, they can be treated as separate factories, while interconnected factories can be considered a single entity.

Question 20

Section 5
Power to exempt during public emergency

Answer 20

empowers the government to temporarily exempt any factory or class of factories from the provisions of the Act during a public emergency, such as war, external aggression, or internal disturbances that threaten India’s security. This exemption ensures that factories can continue operations without being constrained by the usual rules of the Act, allowing for the uninterrupted production of essential goods or services during such crises. However, this exemption is strictly temporary and cannot exceed three months at a time.

Question 21

6. Approval, licensing and registration of factories

Answer 21

Procedures for submitting factory plans.
Guidelines for location, construction, and fees.

Question 22

What are the health provisions under the Act?

Answer 22

Cleanliness (Section 11).
Disposal of waste (Section 12).
Ventilation and temperature control (Section 13).
Dust and fume control (Section 14).
Artificial humidification (Section 15).
Overcrowding prevention (Section 16).
Lighting and drinking water (Sections 17 and 18).
Latrines and urinals (Section 19).

Question 23

List key safety provisions under the Factories Act.

Answer 23

Fencing of machinery (Section 21).
Work on or near machinery in motion (Section 22).
Prohibition of employment of young persons on dangerous machines (Section 23).
Safety measures for lifting machines and chains (Section 29).
Safety Officers in specified factories (Section 40-B).

Question 24

What is Section 51 about?

Answer 24

Weekly Hours:
No adult worker shall work more than 48 hours a week.

Question 25

What does Section 54 specify?

Answer 25

Daily Hours: No adult worker shall work for more than 9 hours a day.

Question 26

What is the significance of Section 79?

Answer 26

Annual Leave with Wages: Workers who work for 240+ days in a calendar year are entitled to annual leave. 1 day for every 20 days worked.

Question 27

What penalties are imposed for non-compliance with the Factories Act?

Answer 27

General penalty for offenses (Section 92): Fine up to ₹1,00,000 or imprisonment up to 2 years, or both. Enhanced penalty for repeated offenses (Section 94).

Question 28

What is Section 85 about?

Answer 28

Power to apply the Act to certain premises not traditionally classified as factories. State Government may extend the Act's provisions to such premises.

Question 29

What is the purpose of Section 7?

Answer 29

Notification by the Occupier. The occupier must notify the Chief Inspector before using any premises as a factory.

Question 30

What does Section 7A specify?

Answer 30

General duties of the occupier. Ensure worker safety, health, and welfare. Maintain safe systems of work, training, and supervision.

Question 31

What does Section 17 focus on?

Answer 31

Lighting. Factories must have adequate and suitable natural or artificial lighting to ensure worker safety.

Question 32

What does Section 27 address?

Answer 32

Prohibition of Employment of Women and Children near Cotton Openers. Women and children cannot work near machinery for cotton opening.

Question 33

What does Section 35 focus on?

Answer 33

Protective Equipment. Workers must be provided with protective gear (gloves, goggles, etc.) for hazardous tasks.

Question 34

What does Section 41A highlight?

Answer 34

Constitution of Site Appraisal Committees. Committees must assess and approve factory locations involving hazardous processes.

Question 35

What is detailed in Section 41B?

Answer 35

Compulsory disclosure of information by factories involved in hazardous processes. Ensures workers and local authorities are informed about potential risks and safety measures.

Question 36

What is stated in Section 45?

Answer 36

First Aid Appliances. Factories must maintain a sufficient number of first aid boxes, readily accessible to workers.

Question 37

What is the purpose of Section 49?

Answer 37

Welfare Officers. Factories employing 500+ workers must appoint Welfare Officers to ensure worker well-being.

Question 38

What does Section 59 state about overtime wages?

Answer 38

Workers working beyond 48 hours a week are entitled to overtime wages at twice the normal rate.

Question 39

What does Section 68 cover?

Answer 39

Employment of Children as Trainees. Allows children aged 14-18 to work under prescribed conditions as apprentices or trainees.

Question 40

What is detailed in Section 85A?

Answer 40

Power to require medical examinations. Workers in specified factories can be required to undergo medical exams for hazardous conditions.

Question 41

What is the purpose of Section 112?

Answer 41

Power of State Government to Make Rules. Allows the government to create rules for implementing the Act’s provisions effectively.

Question 42

What does Section 8 specify?

Answer 42

Appointment of Inspectors. State Government appoints inspectors to ensure compliance with the Act’s provisions.

Question 43

What does Section 10 address?

Answer 43

Certifying Surgeons. Appointed by the State Government to carry out medical examinations of workers.

Question 44

What does Section 20 focus on?

Answer 44

Factories must provide and maintain spittoons in suitable locations for worker hygiene.

Question 45

What is covered under Section 25?

Answer 45

Provisions for young workers. No young person shall be allowed to clean machinery in motion.

Question 46

What does Section 35A mandate?

Answer 46

Precautions for Eye Protection. Workers must be provided with suitable goggles for protection against harmful processes.

Question 47

What does Section 41 specify?

Answer 47

Precautions for Hazardous Processes. Factories must implement safety measures and provide workers with adequate information on risks.

Question 48

What does Section 48 deal with?

Answer 48

Creches. Factories employing 30+ women must provide a creche for the use of children under the age of six.

Question 49

What is the focus of Section 50?

Answer 49

Canteens. Factories employing 250+ workers must provide a canteen for the employees.