Factors Affecting Quality And Style

Question 1

What does the skin of the grape contribute to winemaking?

Answer 1

Color, tannins, and flavor

Question 2

What does the pulp of the grape contribute to winemaking?

Answer 2

Sugar, acids, water, and flavors

Question 3

What do the stem and seeds of the grape contribute to winemaking?

Answer 3

Tannins

Question 4

Which kind of grape has higher levels if color and tannins in the skin?

Answer 4

Red grapes

Question 5

What does a vine require to grow?

Answer 5

Warmth
Sunlight
Water
Nutrients
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Question 6

What are the different stages of grape formation?

Answer 6

Flowering
Fruit set
Version
Ripening

Question 7

What is extra ripening?

Answer 7

The process of leaving grapes on the vine past the point when they might normally be harvested, so that the sugars and acids are concentrated in the grapes.
Extra ripened grapes are often used to make sweet wines.

Question 8

What is botrytis/noble rot?

Answer 8

A fungus that can grow on grapes which make tiny holes, causing the water to evaporate.
This has the effect of concentrating acids, sugars and flavors in grapes, which are then used to make sweet wine.

Question 9

Why would a winemaker allow grapes to remain on the vine in winter and freeze?

Answer 9

To make ice wines.

Question 10

What is the temperature range of cool-grape growing climates?

Answer 10

62 degrees F or below

Question 11

What is the temperature range of moderate grape growing climates?

Answer 11

62-65 degrees F

Question 12

What is the temperature range of warn grape growing climates?

Answer 12

65-70 degrees F

Question 13

What changes occur in grapes as they ripen?

Answer 13

Grapes swell with water, acidity drops, sugar increases, flavors develop and tannins ripen.

Question 14

How do the flavors of white grapes change as they ripen?

Answer 14

Flavors develop from green fruit to stone fruit and tropical fruit.

Question 15

How do the flavors of red grapes change as they ripen?

Answer 15

Flavors develop from fresh fruit to cooked fruit.

Question 16

What latitudes are most wine growing regions located between?

Answer 16

30-50 degrees N or S of the equator.

Question 17

How does altitude influence growing conditions?

Answer 17

Temperature drops with altitude.

Question 18

How does the proximity to seas influence growing conditions?

Answer 18

Ocean currents can cool warm regions and warm cool regions.

Question 19

How does proximity to the rivers influence growing conditions? (3)

Answer 19

1. Rivers reflect sunlight.
2. Helps grapes to ripen.
3. Retain warmth in cooler seasons, providing warmth to vineyards.

Question 20

How do cloud, fog, and mist affect growing conditions? (1)

Answer 20

Reduce the exposure of vineyards to sunlight.

Question 21

How does proximity to mountains affect growing conditions? (1)

Answer 21

Protect growing regions from clouds, rain and cold winds.

Question 22

How does slope and aspect affect growing conditions? (2)

Answer 22

1. Drainage
2. In moderate and cool climates, vineyards sloped toward the equator (or rivers) receive more heat and light.

Question 23

How does soil affect growing conditions?

Answer 23

1. Soil stores water and nutrients.
2. Stony soil can absorb heat and warm a vineyard at night.

Question 24

What weather extremes can cause problems for grape growers? (5)

Answer 24

1. Drought
2. High or low temperatures
3. Frost
4. Hail
5. High levels of rain

Question 25

What are training and pruning?

Answer 25

Most vines are trained on trellises. Pruning ensures that vines retain their shape. Both are necessary to ensure the vine produces a viable crop.

Question 26

What is irrigation?

Answer 26

Applying water in areas with lack of rainfall.

Question 27

Why might a grape grower use chemical spray in the vineyard? (3)

Answer 27

Protect from... 1. Fungal diseases 2. Insects 3. Control weeds

Question 28

What is yield?

Answer 28

The measure of the amount of fruit produced per unit of area.

Question 29

What do GIs indicate outside the EU?

Answer 29

Where the grape was grown. Geopolitical Indication.

Question 30

What do GIs indicate inside the EU?

Answer 30

Where the grape is grown, but with more regulations and restrictions about what grapes can be grown and how the wine should be made.

Question 31

What are the two subdivisions of the GIs inside the European Union

Answer 31

Protected Designstion of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)

Question 32

What is a PDO?

Answer 32

This term covers relatively small areas and have tightly defined regulations. Many of the most famous and prestigious wines in Europe are classified with this term.

Question 33

What is a PGI?

Answer 33

PGIs typically cover much wider areas then PDOs and have less strict regulations compared with PDOs

Question 34

What are two French terms for PDO?

Answer 34

Appellation d'origine protégée (AOP) and Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC)

Question 35

What is the French term for PGI?

Answer 35

Indication geographique protégée (IGP)

Question 36

What are two Italian terms for PDO?

Answer 36

Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) and Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG)

Question 37

What is the Italian term for PGI ?

Answer 37

Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT)

Question 38

What are the Spanish terms for PDO?

Answer 38

Denominación de Origen (DO) and Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa)

Question 39

What is the Spanish term for PGI?

Answer 39

Vino de la Tierra

Question 40

What are two German terms for PDO?

Answer 40

Qualitätswein and Prädikatswein

Question 41

What is the German term for PGI?

Answer 41

Landwein

Question 42

What does the term vieilles vignes indicate

Answer 42

This term means 'old vines' in French and this is sometimes seen on wine labels.

Question 43

What does the term Late Harvest indicate?

Answer 43

It indicates that the grapes have not been harvested at the normal time, but have been left on the vine and picked much later.

Question 44

What term indicates that the grapes have been affected by noble rot?

Answer 44

Botrytis/ Noble Rot