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Wset Level 2 In Wines M > Factors Affecting Wine Style And Quality > Flashcards

Factors Affecting Wine Style And Quality Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What do winemakers do to obtain grapes for winemaking?

A

Winemakers grow grapes in carefully managed vineyards

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2
Q

What is required of a grape grower?

A

A grape grower must control the vines to produce a regular crop of healthy grapes

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3
Q

What is a vine?

A

A vine is a plant that can live for 60 years or more

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4
Q

What marks the start of the growing season for vines?

A

Spring marks the start of the growing season

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5
Q

What happens to the flowers on a vine by the end of summer?

A

The flowers transform into a crop of ripe grapes

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6
Q

What do vines do in autumn?

A

Vines drop their leaves, marking the end of the growing season

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7
Q

What state are vines in during the winter months?

A

Vines are dormant and do not grow

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8
Q

What are the two main regions where different species of vine are native?

A

Eurasia and North America

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9
Q

Which European species is primarily used to make wines?

A

The one European species of vine

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10
Q

What affects the appearance and taste of grapes?

A

Different varieties of the same European species

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The grape variety _______ is different in color and flavor from Cabernet Sauvignon.

A

Riesling

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12
Q

What are the five things a vine needs to grow?

A
  • Warmth
  • Sunlight
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water
  • Nutrients

These elements are essential for the vine’s growth and development.

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13
Q

What role does sunlight play in the growth of a vine?

A

Sunlight allows the vine to combine carbon dioxide and water to produce sugars through photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is crucial for powering growth and ripening grapes.

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14
Q

What happens to a vine in winter?

A

It becomes dormant due to lack of enough heat.

Dormancy is a survival mechanism for the vine during cold periods.

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15
Q

What is the primary function of grapes?

A

To attract animals that eat the fruit and spread its seeds.

This is a common reproductive strategy among fruit-bearing plants.

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16
Q

What components of a grape contain high levels of flavors?

A

The skin and the area immediately below it.

The skin also contributes color and tannins to the wine.

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17
Q

Which grape parts are high in tannins and can affect wine taste?

A

Seeds and stems.

If handled roughly during winemaking, these parts can make wine taste bitter.

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18
Q

What is the primary composition of grape pulp?

A

Mainly water and sugar, along with acids and flavors.

The pulp of both white and black grapes typically has a pale color.

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19
Q

What gives red wines their color?

A

The skins of black grapes.

The pulp remains pale and does not contribute to the color of the wine.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: A vine needs _______ to produce sugars.

A

sunlight

Sunlight is essential for the process of photosynthesis.

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21
Q

What are the five things a vine needs to grow?

A
  • Warmth
  • Sunlight
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water
  • Nutrients

These elements are essential for the vine’s growth and development.

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1
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22
Q

What role does sunlight play in the growth of a vine?

A

Sunlight allows the vine to combine carbon dioxide and water to produce sugars through photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is crucial for powering growth and ripening grapes.

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23
Q

What happens to a vine in winter?

A

It becomes dormant due to lack of enough heat.

Dormancy is a survival mechanism for the vine during cold periods.

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24
Q

What is the primary function of grapes?

A

To attract animals that eat the fruit and spread its seeds.

This is a common reproductive strategy among fruit-bearing plants.

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25
What components of a grape contain high levels of flavors?
The skin and the area immediately below it. ## Footnote The skin also contributes color and tannins to the wine.
26
Which grape parts are high in tannins and can affect wine taste?
Seeds and stems. ## Footnote If handled roughly during winemaking, these parts can make wine taste bitter.
27
What is the primary composition of grape pulp?
Mainly water and sugar, along with acids and flavors. ## Footnote The pulp of both white and black grapes typically has a pale color.
28
What gives red wines their color?
The skins of black grapes. ## Footnote The pulp remains pale and does not contribute to the color of the wine.
29
Fill in the blank: A vine needs _______ to produce sugars.
sunlight ## Footnote Sunlight is essential for the process of photosynthesis.
30
What does the vine produce in spring?
Clusters of flowers ## Footnote Each flower cluster will eventually become a bunch of grapes.
31
What is required for a flower to become a grape?
Pollination ## Footnote Each individual flower must be pollinated to develop into a grape.
32
How do vines differ from other plants in terms of pollination?
Vines are self-pollinating ## Footnote Unlike other plants, vines do not need to attract insects for pollination.
33
What happens to the flower after it is pollinated?
It starts to grow seeds and swells ## Footnote This process signifies the transition from flower to grape.
34
What are the characteristics of newly formed grapes?
Small, hard, green, and unpleasant to taste ## Footnote These grapes need to grow and ripen to become palatable.
35
What are the two types of grapes that can be made into wine?
White and black grapes ## Footnote These grapes undergo ripening during the summer months.
36
What is véraison?
The point at which grapes start to lose their green color ## Footnote This marks the beginning of the ripening process.
37
What color do white grapes turn during véraison?
Golden ## Footnote This change indicates the progression towards ripening.
38
What color do black grapes transition to during véraison?
Red and then purple ## Footnote This color change signifies the ripening of black grapes.
39
What does the vine produce in spring?
Clusters of flowers ## Footnote Each flower cluster will eventually become a bunch of grapes.
40
What is required for a flower to become a grape?
Pollination ## Footnote Each individual flower must be pollinated to develop into a grape.
41
How do vines differ from other plants in terms of pollination?
Vines are self-pollinating ## Footnote Unlike other plants, vines do not need to attract insects for pollination.
42
What happens to the flower after it is pollinated?
It starts to grow seeds and swells ## Footnote This process signifies the transition from flower to grape.
43
What are the characteristics of newly formed grapes?
Small, hard, green, and unpleasant to taste ## Footnote These grapes need to grow and ripen to become palatable.
44
What are the two types of grapes that can be made into wine?
White and black grapes ## Footnote These grapes undergo ripening during the summer months.
45
What is véraison?
The point at which grapes start to lose their green color ## Footnote This marks the beginning of the ripening process.
46
What color do white grapes turn during véraison?
Golden ## Footnote This change indicates the progression towards ripening.
47
What color do black grapes transition to during véraison?
Red and then purple ## Footnote This color change signifies the ripening of black grapes.
48
What happens to grapes at the start of the ripening process?
Grapes have very high levels of acid, hardly any sugar, and an unattractive herbaceous flavour ## Footnote This is the initial stage before the ripening process begins.
49
How do the characteristics of grapes change during ripening?
Grapes swell with water, become soft and fleshy, acidity drops, and sugar levels rise ## Footnote These changes contribute to the overall quality and style of the wine.
50
What happens to the herbaceous flavours of grapes as they ripen?
Herbaceous flavours decrease and signature flavours develop ## Footnote Signature flavours vary based on the type of grape.
51
What aroma and flavour changes occur in white grapes as ripeness increases?
Aromas and flavours change from green fruit to stone fruit and tropical fruit ## Footnote This transformation enhances the complexity of the wine.
52
What aroma and flavour changes occur in black grapes as ripeness increases?
Aromas and flavours change from fresh fruit to cooked fruit ## Footnote This change is essential for the development of red wines.
53
What role do tannins play in black grapes?
Tannins contribute to the mouthfeel of red wines ## Footnote They are found in the skins of black grapes and must be ripe at harvest.
54
Why is it important for tannins to be ripe at harvest?
Unripe tannins can taste bitter ## Footnote Ripe tannins enhance the quality of the wine.
55
What is extra ripening in grapes?
Extra ripening occurs when grapes are left on the vine past normal harvest time ## Footnote This leads to further development of the grapes.
56
What conditions are necessary for grapes to undergo extra ripening?
Weather needs to be dry and warm ## Footnote Rain can lead to fungal diseases, hindering the ripening process.
57
What happens to grapes during the early stages of extra ripening?
Grapes develop exaggerated ripe aromas and accumulate a higher level of sugar ## Footnote This is crucial for producing sweet wines.
58
What occurs after a longer period of extra ripening?
Grapes start to turn into raisins as water content evaporates ## Footnote This process concentrates the acids and sugars.
59
What type of wines can be made from grapes with very high sugar levels?
Sweet wines ## Footnote These wines benefit from the concentrated sugars and dried-fruit aromas.
60
What happens to grapes at the start of the ripening process?
Grapes have very high levels of acid, hardly any sugar, and an unattractive herbaceous flavour ## Footnote This is the initial stage before the ripening process begins.
61
How do the characteristics of grapes change during ripening?
Grapes swell with water, become soft and fleshy, acidity drops, and sugar levels rise ## Footnote These changes contribute to the overall quality and style of the wine.
62
What happens to the herbaceous flavours of grapes as they ripen?
Herbaceous flavours decrease and signature flavours develop ## Footnote Signature flavours vary based on the type of grape.
63
What aroma and flavour changes occur in white grapes as ripeness increases?
Aromas and flavours change from green fruit to stone fruit and tropical fruit ## Footnote This transformation enhances the complexity of the wine.
64
What aroma and flavour changes occur in black grapes as ripeness increases?
Aromas and flavours change from fresh fruit to cooked fruit ## Footnote This change is essential for the development of red wines.
65
What role do tannins play in black grapes?
Tannins contribute to the mouthfeel of red wines ## Footnote They are found in the skins of black grapes and must be ripe at harvest.
66
Why is it important for tannins to be ripe at harvest?
Unripe tannins can taste bitter ## Footnote Ripe tannins enhance the quality of the wine.
67
What is extra ripening in grapes?
Extra ripening occurs when grapes are left on the vine past normal harvest time ## Footnote This leads to further development of the grapes.
68
What conditions are necessary for grapes to undergo extra ripening?
Weather needs to be dry and warm ## Footnote Rain can lead to fungal diseases, hindering the ripening process.
69
What happens to grapes during the early stages of extra ripening?
Grapes develop exaggerated ripe aromas and accumulate a higher level of sugar ## Footnote This is crucial for producing sweet wines.
70
What occurs after a longer period of extra ripening?
Grapes start to turn into raisins as water content evaporates ## Footnote This process concentrates the acids and sugars.
71
What type of wines can be made from grapes with very high sugar levels?
Sweet wines ## Footnote These wines benefit from the concentrated sugars and dried-fruit aromas.
72
What is Botrytis?
A fungus that can grow on ripe grapes, causing noble rot ## Footnote Botrytis makes tiny holes in the skin of the grape, allowing water to evaporate, which concentrates acids, sugars, and flavors in the grape.
73
What conditions are ideal for the growth of Botrytis?
Damp misty mornings followed by warm, dry afternoons ## Footnote These conditions allow the fungus to grow while preventing it from destroying the grapes.
74
What type of wines are nearly always made from grapes affected by noble rot?
Sweet wines ## Footnote Noble rot can concentrate the sugars and flavors necessary for sweet wine production.
75
How are frozen grapes used to concentrate sugar?
Healthy grapes are left on the vine through autumn and into winter until they freeze ## Footnote The freezing process allows for the extraction of a small amount of unfrozen liquid, which is high in sugars and acids.
76
What are the resulting wines from frozen grapes called?
Ice wines ## Footnote Ice wines are known for being sweet with concentrated and pure varietal characteristics.
77
Fill in the blank: Botrytis causes water to evaporate from the grape, which concentrates the _______.
acids, sugars and flavors
78
True or False: The presence of Botrytis always destroys grapes.
False ## Footnote While Botrytis can be destructive, under the right conditions it can enhance the quality of certain wines.

Wset Level 2 In Wines M (1 decks)

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