Factors causing Variations in Population groups

Question 1

Describe biological factors

Answer 1

Factors relating to the body that impact on health.

Question 2

Examples of biological factors

Answer 2

• Body weight
• Birth weight
• Blood cholesterol levels
• Blood pressure levels
• Glucose regulation- Hormones/sex
• Genetic predisposition

Question 3

Decribe sociocultural factors

Answer 3

The social and cultural conditions into which people are born, grow, live, work and age.

Question 4

Examples of sociocultural factors

Answer 4

• Income
• Education levels
• Employment
• Social connectedness
• Gender stereotypes
• Cultural appropriateness inc. language barriers
• Food security

Question 5

Describe environmental factors

Answer 5

The physical surroundings in which we live, work and play.

Question 6

Examples of environmental factors

Answer 6

• Work conditions
• Housing conditions
• Urban design and infrastructure e.g. proximity to take away food outlets, access to recreational facilities, road quality

Question 7

Biological factors for males lower health status COMPARED TO females (some female links)

Answer 7

• High body weight/BMI
• Genetics/sex/hormones - testosterone = males risk taking behaviours, oestrogen = females protective CVD and osteoporosis until menopause.
  Also males - testicular and prostate cancer, Females - cervical, uterine and higher rates breast cancer due to sex/genetics

Question 8

Sociocultural factors for males lower health status COMPARED to females

Answer 8

• Gender stereotypes e.g. male masculinity societal norms re less likely seek healthcare

Question 9

Environmental factors for males lower health status COMPARED TO females

Answer 9

• Dangerous work environments
  e.g. bricklayer UV exposure melanoma
  OR
  e.g. farmer heavy machinery injuries

Question 10

Biological factors for Low SES COMPARED TO high SES

Answer 10

• Low birth weight
  e.g. underdeveloped immune system = increase susceptibility to infections or communicable diseases e.g. measles
  e.g. underdeveloped respiratory system, increase risk pneumonia

Question 11

Sociocultural factors for Low SES COMPARED TO high SES

Answer 11

• Lower education levels e.g. lower health literacy (take to specific example leading to disease)
• Lower income e.g. less likely to afford…
• Higher rates unemployment e.g. increase mental health issues OR less likely to have a stable income to afford…(watch DD)

Question 12

Environmental factors for Low SES COMPARED TO High SES

Answer 12

• Dangerous work conditions
  e.g. bricklayer UV exposure melanoma
  OR
  e.g. factory work heavy machinery injuries
• Urban design and infrastructure
  e.g. high proximity to energy dense fast food outlets
  e.g. poorer quality infrastructure and physical resources e.g. public open spaces

Question 13

Biological factors for outside major cities COMPARED TO within major cities

Answer 13

• High body weight/BMI - excess adipose tissue to obesity related disease
• High blood cholesterol levels - atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease or stroke

Question 14

Sociocultural factors for outside major cities COMPARED TO within major cities

Answer 14

• Higher rates of unemployment - less likely to have a stable income to afford…
• Social isolation - increase mental health issues e.g. depression

Question 15

Environmental factors for outside major cities COMPARED TO within major cities

Answer 15

• Dangerous work conditions - e.g. bricklayer UV exposure melanoma
  OR
  e.g. farmer heavy machinery injuries
• Urban design and infrastructure
  e.g. poorer road quality - injuries
  e.g. poorer quality/reduced access to recreational facilities such as a gym

Question 16

Biological factors for Indigenous Australians COMPARED TO Non-Indigenous Australians

Answer 16

• Low birth weight
• High body weight/BMI

Question 17

Sociocultural factors for Indigenous Australians COMPARED TO Non-Indigenous Australians

Answer 17

• Cultural influences e.g. against Western medical practices
• Food insecurity

Question 18

Environmental factors for Indigenous Australians COMPARED TO Non-Indigenous Australians

Answer 18

• Poorer housing conditions