factors effecting enzyme activity Flashcards
(31 cards)
what are the 5 things that can affect enzymes
temp
ph
substrate conc
enzyme conc
inhibitor
what does an increase in temp also increase
kinetic energy
chance of succesful collisions
what is the general rule for rate of reaction growth per 10degrees
doubles for each 10 degree increase
how do enzyme active site get denatured
increases vibration
hydrogen bonds break
change in tertiary structure
why does line on the graph flatten out
all substrate has been used up
to denature hydrogen bonds holding what are broken
polypeptide chains tog
what type of ph range do enzymes have
narrow
what affect does small ph changes have
reversible changes
what do small ph changes change
irreversible changes (denature)
what are the charges of active site affected by
free H+ and OH- ions
what do free H+ ions suggest
too acidic
what do free OH- ions suggest
too alkaline
what happens if there too many free ions cause ph changed
enzyme active site and substrate would repel one another
what happens at optimum pH
charges on active site match those on substrate
what happens at low / high pH
charges on the active site repel substrate
what is also affected at EXTREME ph difference
3d shape of enzyme altered
where is substrate conc limiting
begining
where is enzyme conc limiting
end (all active sites are occupied)
what are 2 things which are normally added to enzyme experiments
buffers
controls
what are buffers
maintain a constant pH
soaks up hydrogen ions
what are controls in an experiment
duplicate experiments
except for the variable being investigated which is kept constant
when does inhibition occur
when enzyme action is slowed down or stopped by another substance
what are the 2 types of inhibitors
competitive
non competitive
how does compeitive inhibitor work
structurally similar to substrate and competes for the active site
NOT SAME SHAPE, SIMILLAR
