Factors impacting on performance Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
What are some mental factors?
A
concentration
decision-making
problem solving
anxiety
somatic anxiety
mental toughness
2
Q
What are some emotional factors?
A
anger
criticism
confidence
resilience
3
Q
What are some social factors?
A
communication
team dynamics
etiquette
crowd influence
4
Q
What are some physical factors related to fitness?
A
agility
cardio-respiratory endurance
flexibility
power
5
Q
What are some physical factors related to skill?
A
reaction time
accuracy
consistency
rhythm
6
Q
What are some physical factors related to tactics?
A
delay
penetration
width
7
Q
What is concentration?
A
Concentration is the ability to focus all of your attention on something important whilst also blocking out any irrelevant stimuli.
8
Q
How can concentration impact performance in basketball? (example answer)
A
You need to concentrate when playing half-court man-to-man defence in basketball. This means you will be able to focus on tracking and marking your opponent whilst not getting distracted by the movements of others around you. This leads to you staying tight to your opponent and intercepting passes that are made to them.
9
Q
What is decision-making?
A
Decision-making refers to the choices you make during a performance.
10
Q
What is the decision you make often guided by?
A
When performing in any activity, you will often face situations where you must select what to do from several different options. The decision you make is often guided by your awareness of what is going on around you.
11
Q
How can decision-making impact performance in badminton? (example answer)
A
You are at the front of the net in a badminton rally. Whilst noticing your opponent is at the back of the court and the large space at the front, you decide to play a smash. Snap the wrist on contact and hit a powerful smash into space to win the rally.
12
Q
What is problem solving?
A
Problem solving refers to the ability to work out what is going on around you. This allows you to make sense of the situation you are in and can inform what you do next.
13
Q
How can problem solving impact performance in golf? (example answer)
A
You need to be able to use problem solving when facing a tricky putt in golf. This means you need to work out the lay of the land, for example if the green slopes slightly to the right, you aim your putt slightly to the left of the hole. This leads to your putt being on the correct line and going in the hole.
14
Q
What is anxiety?
A
Anxiety refers to a state of inner turmoil and worry that can have very negative consequences for performance if not controlled.
15
Q
What are the two types of anxiety?
A
Anxiety can manifest itself cognitively or somatically:
-cognitive anxiety refers to the negative thoughts and doubts someone may experience.
-somatic anxiety relates to the physiological symptoms brought on by high pressure moments
16
Q
How can anxiety impact performance in tennis? (example answer)
A
Anxiety could have a very negative impact on you before a final in tennis. This means you could become so worried that you will lose that you cannot control the spiraling negative thoughts in your head. This could lead to you starting the game very poorly by making basic mistakes and losing easy points.
17
Q
What are the psychological impacts of somatic anxiety?
A
Some of the physiological impacts anxiety can have include:
-muscle tension
-shakes
-sweaty palms
18
Q
What is muscle tension?
A
Muscle tension impacts the fluidity of limb movement.
19
Q
How can anxiety impact performance in rugby? (example answer)
A
Anxiety can have a negative impact on you when you are about to take a penalty kick in rugby to give your side the lead. This means your muscles could tense up and the movements of your kicking leg could be slow and rigid. This could lead to your kick lacking power, not reaching the posts, and missing.
20
Q
What is mental toughness?
A
Being mentally tough involves continuing to persevere through the more difficult times in performance. It is about not giving up even though you are struggling and seeing a task through to the end.
21
Q
How can mental toughness impact performance in a marathon? (example answer)
A
You need to be mentally tough when you hit the wall near the end of a marathon. This means you need to keep pushing through and continue going even though your body is in pain and your mind is telling you to stop. This leads to you continuing in the event and completing it to achieve your targeted time.
22
Q
What is the impact of anger on performance?
A
A number of different things can cause a performer to get angry in sport. If a performer cannot control their anger, it can often lead to negative consequences for both them and the overall performance.
23
Q
What are examples of anger in sport?
A
-at self for mistakes
-at officials for bad decisions
-at opponents for a foul tackle
-at opponents for being better
-at a poor scoreline
-at teammates for their errors
24
Q
In what ways does anger impact people?
A
Anger impacts people in different ways. For example, anger at oneself for making basic mistakes and anger at opponents for a bad tackle can impact the performer differently.
25
How can anger at oneself for a mistake impact performance in football? (example answer)
Anger at self for poor miss in football. Take all anger out on the next shot and hit it as hard as possible. Lose accuracy and miss again.
26
How can anger at an opponent for a poor tackle impact performance in football? (example answer)
Anger at the opponent for a poor tackle in football. Next time the opponent has the ball, you lunge in and tackle them late for revenge. Receive a yellow card and play the rest of the game under the threat of being sent off for a second offence.
27
What is the impact of criticism on performance?
Another situation that can cause anger is when someone criticises you. Some coaches do this deliberately as part of their man-management techniques; they know certain individuals respond better to criticism because it actually motivates them to prove their coach wrong.
28
How can anger from criticism impact performance in tennis?
You may get really angry when your coach criticises you for mistakes during your performance in tennis. This means that you can channel your frustrations into proving your coach wrong and giving your all in remaining points to stop the coach from criticising you again. This leads to you chasing down every shot your opponent plays on court which makes you harder to beat.
29
What is the impact of confidence on performance?
This factor refers to self-belief. It considers:
-how much belief you have in your own abilities
-the impact this belief can have on your performance
Amongst other impacts, confidence mainly determines:
-amount of risks taken: Do you try more complex skills? Do you play safely?
-carrying out skills and movements with conviction: Do you fully commit to a decision once you've made it? Do you hesitate during the point of action?
30
How can confidence impact performance in rugby? (example answer)
Being confident may help you when driving forward with the ball in rugby. This means that you may take the risk of throwing in a dummy pass to deceive your oncoming opponent rather than playing a pass to a teammate. This leads to your opponent buying the dummy and you exploiting the space they leave to break their defensive line and gain metres for your team.
31
How can confidence impact performance in handball?
Being confident could help you when taking a penalty in handball. This means you would have full belief in your ability to score and will not be indecisive on where you will place the ball. This leads to you fully committing to the shot and it being thrown accurately and powerfully into the corner of the goal.
32
What is the impact of resilience on performance?
This factor refers to how you bounce back after a mistake.
It is different from mental toughness as resilience is about the reaction after an error has occurred.
Some athletes bounce back from mistakes and continue unfazed. However, others go hiding in case they make the same mistake again. This has an impact on the overall performance.
33
How can resilience impact performance in basketball? (example answer)
Resilience can help you recover if you miss an open lay-up playing basketball. Your resilience means you forget about the miss and continue to make supporting runs in fast breaks. Keep getting into scoring positions and score in future attempts.
34
How can resilience hinder performance in tennis? (example answer)
A lack of resilience could hinder your performance after missing an easy backhand in tennis. This means you keep dwelling on the miss and avoid playing any more backhands in future rallies. This leads to you running around the ball to attempt forehands instead, being off balance and making more unforced errors.
35
What categories can social factors be divided into?
Social factors can be divided into three different categories:
-those that are performed with others in our team eg communication and team dynamics.
-those that are performed against the opposition eg etiquette.
-those that are performed in different environments eg crowd influence.
36
What is the impact of communication on performance?
This factor looks at how you interact with your teammates. It can be used in many different situations, such as:
-when you are in space and your teammate has possession.
-when a ball is about to land in the space between you and your teammate.
-when your teammate has the ball in lots of space.
-when you are trying to organise your team's zonal defence.
-when your teammate has the ball and is unaware of the opponent behind them.
In all these situations you would use verbal communication.
37
How can verbal communication impact performance in volleyball? (example answer)
Communication could help you when the ball is about to land between you and your teammate in volleyball. This means you shout your name loudly to alert your teammate that you will take shot on. This leads to clarity and your teammate moving out of the way for you to have time and space to execute an accurate dig.
38
How can non-verbal communication impact performance in basketball? (example answer)
Non-verbal communication could help you when your teammate has possession but you have an opponent, with their back to you between you and the basketball. This means you could let your teammate see the direction you want the ball played into by pointing. As your marker cannot see you point, this means they are not being aware of your intention and this allows your teammate to play a penetrating pass for you to attack the key.
39
What is the impact of team dynamics on performance?
This factor refers to the team chemistry: How well you get on with your teammates.
Team dynamics can be of a high level or low level:
-High levels of team dynamics: When a team gets on well, you will find yourself within a positive environment where there is lots of encouragement and support.
-Low levels of team dynamics: When a team does not get on well, there could be a lot of friction and criticism which has negative consequences for performance.
40
How can team dynamics impact performance in golf? (example answer)
High levels of team dynamics could help you after you miss an easy putt to win the hole in a golf fourball. This means that even though you failed to win the hole, your teammate really encouraged and supported you because you get on so well together. This leads to your morale staying high and you switching your full focus to the next hole.
41
How can low team dynamics impact performance in handball? (example answer)
Low team dynamics could hinder your performance in handball when a teammate you do not get on with is in a good scoring position. This means that even though you have possession and spot them, you deliberately decide against passing to them because you do not get on with them and do not want them getting the glory. This leads to you shooting from a difficult angle and missing. This causes argument with your teammate breaking out on court.
42
What is the impact of etiquette on performance?
This factor refers to the level of sportsmanship a performer demonstrates.
By being sporting, the performer is following the unwritten rules of the game. They are showing acts of respect towards the opposition through choice, not because they have to.
43
How can etiquette impact performance in tennis? (example answer)
Demonstrating etiquette could aid your performance in tennis when your opponent's shot is incorrectly called out. This means you could admit to the umpire that it was actually in, despite knowing that you will lose the point. This leads to the umpire over-turning their decision and the respect between you and your opponent growing.
44
What is the impact of crowd influence on performance?
The impact a crowd can make, particularly in elite level sport, is huge:
-A very supportive crowd can positively effect a performer.
-A hostile and critical crowd one can have numerous negative implications for performance.
45
How can crowd influence impact performance in football? (example answer)
A very hostile crowd can have a negative influence on your performance when you are the away side in football. This means that by being whistled and booed every time you touch the ball, you start to focus on the crowd rather than where you are passing the ball. This could lead to you under hitting the pass and it being intercepted by the opposition.
46
What is the impact of agility on performance?
This factor refers to your ability to change direction and falls under the fitness category.
The quicker and more controlled you are when changing direction, the better your agility. Agility is needed for a range of different sporting situations such as:
-when trying to lose your opponent to get into space for a corner in football.
-when at the net in tennis and your opponent attempts to lob you.
-when you are moving one way as a goalkeeper in handball and the line player shoots in the opposite corner.
47
How can agility impact performance in handball? (example answer)
Agility could help you when you are a goalkeeper in handball. This means that when you are moving one way and the opposition hits a shot in the opposite direction, you can quickly change direction and dive in the direction of the shot. This leads to you saving the shot and your team staying in the lead.
48
What is the impact of CRE on performance?
This factor relates to how long you can perform without tiring.
It mainly refers to the ability of the heart (cardio) and lungs (respiratory) to continuously supply oxygenated blood to the working muscles.
The longer these muscles are supplied with blood rich in oxygen, the longer they keep the threat of
lactic acid at bay and therefore the longer you can perform for.
Your CRE levels can have multiple different impacts on your performance in a range of sports.
49
What should you do when answering questions on CRE?
You must link your answers to the last moments of a performance. This is ultimately when your CRE makes its biggest impact as this is when it is being most tested.
50
How can CRE impact performance in badminton? (example answer)
Low levels of CRE could negatively impact your performance in the last set of your badminton match. This means that with your body tiring, you do not have the energy to chase down a drop shot from your opponent. This leads to you losing the rally and falling behind.
51
What is the impact of flexibility on performance?
This factor looks at the range of motion at each joint throughout the body. The greater the range of motion, the better your flexibility.
This can help increase the following:
-your reach
-the power you can generate.
52
How can flexibility impact performance in golf? (example answer)
High levels of flexibility in the shoulder joints can really help you when driving in golf. This means you can take the club back further and generate more momentum on the downswing due to the club covering a greater number of degrees. This leads to your drive covering a great distance and putting you close to the green.
53
What is the impact of power on performance?
This factor looks at explosive movements.
This combination of speed and strength produces a forceful movement quickly. This can help you in numerous different sports.
54
How can power impact performance in volleyball? (example answer)
Being able to generate a lot of power can help you when performing a spike in volleyball. This means you will be able to explosively jump up and gain a lot of height in your jump to help you meet the ball at a great height. This leads to you spiking the ball whilst above the net and generating a lot of power as it travels down to the ground and you winning the rally.
55
What is the impact of reaction time on performance?
This factor looks at the body's ability to react to stimuli. The quicker someone's body reacts, the better their performance.
Below are a few sporting situations in which fast reaction time is required:
-reacting to the starter's gun in the 100 metre sprint.
-reacting to a rebound in netball.
56
How can reaction time impact performance in a 100m race? (example answer)
Poor reaction time could hinder your performance in a 100m race. This means if you respond slowly to the starter's gunshot, you will come out the blocks slowly and fall behind. This leads to you having to play catch up from the start, limiting your chances of claiming a top three finish.
57
What is the impact of accuracy on performance?
This factor looks at control of movement in a particular direction, or at a particular target.
Accuracy has its biggest impact in goal/point scoring situations. If a shot is accurate and correctly hits its intended target, the outcome is the greatest with points being added to the board.
58
How can accuracy impact performance in hockey? (example answer)
Accuracy can really help your performance when taking a penalty in hockey. This means if you are aiming for the top left hand corner, you can hit it precisely into this corner of the goal. This leads to your shot being out of the reach of the goalkeeper and you scoring.
59
What is the impact of consistency on performance?
This factor looks at your ability to execute skills successfully over a period of time.
Bringing a high level of consistency to performance will allow for high standards to be achieved throughout a performance. However, if you have a bad day, skill performance can be inconsistent and can lead to simple mistakes occurring.
60
How can consistency impact performance in netball? (example answer)
Lacking consistency in your shooting can hinder your performance as a goal attack in netball. This means that although you will score some of your shots, a lot of your shots will also miss. This could lead to your teammates losing trust in you and they will look to pass to the goal shooter instead, which reduces your impact in the game.
61
What is the impact of rhythm on performance?
This factor is concerned with the regularity with which a pattern of movements is performed. The more regular and consistent these patterns are performed, the better the rhythm of the performer.
62
How can rhythm impact performance in the 100m hurdles? (example answer)
Having good rhythm can help you when performing in the 100m hurdles. This means you can maintain your stride pattern throughout the race and take off on the same foot at each hurdle. This can lead to you clearing each hurdle with control as you race towards the finish line.
63
What is the impact of delay on performance?
This factor is concerned with performer(s) slowing down the pace of a performance in order to wait for support from others.
It is mainly used in invasion games such as basketball, handball, and football. Delaying the play can be used in both offensive and defensive situations and is often influenced by being aware of what is around you.
64
How can delay impact performance in handball?
Using the tactic of delay could really help when you are outnumbered by the opposition in a fast break in handball. This means you sit deep and stay between the two opponents rather than close down the ball carrier in order to slow their fast break down. This leads to the ball carrier taking their time to decide what to do which enables your teammates to get back and stop the fast break.
65
What is the impact of penetration on performance?
This factor looks at how you can break through opposition defensive lines. It is, again, mainly limited to team invasion games.
66
How can penetration impact performance in football? (example answer)
Penetration is a key tactic that can really help you when you have possession and are trying to break down a deep defence. This means you can play a forward pass between two defensive players to your teammate who is running behind the opponent's full back. This leads to your teammate receiving the pass behind the opposition defence and being through on goal.
67
What is the impact of width on performance?
This factor is concerned with stretching the field or court when you have possession of the ball. It applies mainly to invasion games.
68
How can width impact performance in basketball?
Using width in attack can really help your team when up against a man to man defense in basketball. This means by having your forwards out wide against each touchline, it encourages the opposition defence to spread out more to mark them. This leads to more space being created around the key for the point guard to create more scoring opportunities.
69
How can mental factors interact with emotional factors?
Primary mental factor: decision-making
Secondary emotional factor: anger
Making the incorrect decision on where to play your shot during a tennis rally can lead to you getting angry. This means that by wrongly deciding to play the shot to your opponent's strong forehand, you could lose the rally and get frustrated with yourself for making a poor shot selection. This then leads to you smashing your racket in frustration and being warned about your conduct by the umpire.
70
How can mental factors interact with social factors?
Primary mental factor: motivation
Secondary social factor: team dynamics
Having low levels of motivation to win could negatively impact your team's dynamics when the opposition are starting a fast break against your side in basketball. Not having great levels of desire to win means that you do not try your hardest to chase back. This leaves your team lacking in support and you concede a basket on the fast break. This leads to your team turning on you and falling out with you on court for your lack of effort.
71
How can mental factors interact with physical facotrs?
Primary mental factor: anxiety
Secondary physical factor: accuracy
Controlling your somatic anxieties can help boost your accuracy when taking a match-defining penalty kick in rugby. This means that your body will stay relaxed and your kicking leg is free from muscular tension. This causes it to swing freely and your shot is accurate. This leads to your shot going between the posts and your team taking the lead.
72
How can emotional factors interact with mental factors?
Primary emotional factor: resilience
Secondary mental factor: motivation
Being resilient could lead to a motivation boost after missing a spike in volleyball. This means that, instead of focusing on the miss, you have an increased desire to make up for it by helping your team get back into the game. This can lead to you giving your full effort when attempting to block future opposition spikes and preventing them from increasing their lead.
73
How can emotional factors interact with social factors?
Primary emotional factor: anger
Secondary social factor: etiquette
Failing to control your anger, can lead to you displaying poor etiquette when losing a football match. This means your anger can lead to you putting in a bad tackle on an opponent, which the referee misses. Your anger leads you to show no sporting behaviour by continuing to play on, even though you know your opponent may be hurt. This can then lead to a decrease in respect between the two sides and your opponents getting angry at your lack of sporting behaviour.
74
How can mental factors interact with physical factors?
Primary emotional factor: confidence
Secondary physical factor: penetration
Being fully confident in your abilities can lead to you attempting a risky pass that penetrates a defence during a fast break in handball. By having full belief in yourself, you will take a risk and play a more difficult pass to initiate the fast break, by passing forwards between two opposition players to an on-running teammate. This leads to your teammate getting in behind the opposition defence and having a clear run and shot at goal.
75
How can social factors interact with mental factors?
Primary social factor: communication
Secondary mental factor: decision-making
Using your communication skills can really help your teammate's decision making skills when in possession in football. By calling loudly for the ball when in space, you alert your teammate to your position on the pitch. This helps simplify what they should do with the ball. This leads to them deciding to play the pass to you in order to maintain possession for your team.
76
How can social factors interact with emotional factors?
Primary social factor: team dynamics
Secondary emotional factor: fear
Poor team dynamics can cause your levels of fear to go out of control if you miss scoring opportunities as a goal shoot in netball. This means your teammates could criticise you for your miss, making you fearful of missing more shots later in the game as you do not want to be criticised again. This could lead to you no longer looking to get into shooting positions in the shooting circle, making it harder for your teammates to create scoring opportunities.
77
How can social factors interact with physical factors?
Primary social factor: communication
Secondary physical factor: strengths and weaknesses
Communication could help remind you of the tactical plan of exploiting an opponent's weakness when playing as a full back in football. This means that when you are faced up by an attacker, your teammates could shout to you to show the attacker onto their weaker foot. This could then lead to you making the attacker uncomfortable on their weaker side and them giving away possession.
78
How can physical factors interact with mental factors?
Primary physical factor: CRE
Secondary mental factor: mental toughness
Having low CRE levels can result in you needing to draw on your mental toughness to get through the final miles of a marathon. This means that as your body starts to tire and your muscles begin to ache, you need to show your mental toughness to get through these painful moments. This leads to you pushing through the pain barrier and not giving up as you finish the race to achieve your goal.
79
How can physical factors interact with emotional factors?
Primary physical factor: accuracy
Secondary emotional factor: anger
A lack of accuracy when putting can cause you to get angry as you make your way to the next tee in golf. This means that after hitting a five-yard putt wide of the hole, you get annoyed at yourself for missing an easy putt. This leads to you taking all of your frustration out on your next drive and as a result, your technique is wrong and the ball goes out of bounds.
80
How can physical factors interact with social factors?
Primary physical factor: speed
Secondary social factor: team dynamics
Using your speed to cover for your playing partner can lead to your team dynamics growing in badminton. With your partner out of position from returning a previous shot in the rally, you use your speed to cover them by reaching the opponents' next shot, in the space your partner left. This leads to your team dynamics growing as your partner appreciates your support and the bond between you grows.
