factors influencing australia's health status

Question 1

what is smoking?

Answer 1

Smoking is a practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke is inhaled to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream. Smoking generally relates to the use of tobacco, but can also include marijuana and other drugs.

Question 2

what is vaping?

Answer 2

Vaping relates to the use of e-cigarettes or ‘vapes’. Vapes are battery-powered devices that use an element to turn a liquid (e-liquid) into an aerosol (or vapour), which is then inhaled into the lungs.

Question 3

what does a vape contain?

Answer 3

nicotine, carcinogens, particulate matter and other unknown chemicals

Question 4

what is nicotine?

Answer 4

a high addictive chemical that has been shown to impair brain development in youth and can lead to poisoning and an increase in rates of anxiety and depression

Question 5

what is particulate matter?

Answer 5

microscopic solid and liquid particles that contribute to chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), such as bronchitis and CVD

Question 6

how does smoking cause cardiovascular disease?

Question 7

how does smoking cause cancer?

Question 8

how does smoking cause prenatal/infant health outcomes?

Question 9

how does smoking cause asthma?

Question 10

how does smoking cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Question 11

how does smoking cause back pain and problems?

Question 12

how does smoking cause infectious diseases?

Question 13

what interventions in australia have led to a decrease in smoking rates?

Answer 13

advertising bans, bans on smoking indoors and increasingly in outdoor public spaces, plain packaging, price increases, restrictions on sales to minors, public education, media campaigns

Question 15

what is alcoholism?

Answer 15

Alcoholism is when a person can’t stop drinking once they have started, or has a constant desire to drink alcohol.

Question 16

what is binge drinking?

Answer 16

Binge drinking is defined as drinking four or more standard drink in one sitting.

Question 17

what can alcoholism contribute to? name at least 5.

Answer 17

Liver disease, Road accidents, injuries, self harm, Mental health issues, Drownings, Violence, Cancer, Prenatal/infant health issues (FASD/Low birth weight), Overweight and obesity, CVD

Question 18

how does alcohol cause overweight and obesity?

Question 19

how does alcohol cause cancer?

Question 20

how does alcohol cause liver disease?

Question 21

how does alcohol cause injuries?

Question 22

how does alcohol cause mental health issues?

Question 23

how does alcohol cause prenatal infant health outcomes?

Question 24

how does overweight + obesity cause cardiovascular disease (COPD)?

Question 25

how does overweight + obesity cause cancer?

Question 26

how does overweight + obesity cause kidney disease?

Question 27

how does overweight + obesity cause type 2 diabetes?

Question 28

how does overweight + obesity cause osteoarthritis?

Question 29

how does overweight + obesity cause back pain?

Question 30

how does overweight + obesity cause asthma?

Question 31

how does overweight + obesity cause mental health issues?

Question 32

how does overweight + obesity cause dementia?

Question 33

how does overweight + obesity cause maternal health conditions?

Question 34

what is fibre?

Question 35

how does underconsumption of fibre cause overweight and obesity?

Question 36

how does underconsumption of fibre cause colorectal cancer?

Question 37

how does underconsumption of fibre cause cardiovascular disease?

Question 38

how does underconsumption of fibre cause type 2 diabetes?

Question 39

how does underconsumption of fruits and vegetables cause overweight and obesity?

Question 40

how does underconsumption of fruits and vegetables cause cardiovascular disease?

Question 41

how does underconsumption of fruits and vegetables cause cancer?

Question 42

how does underconsumption of fruits and vegetables cause neural tube defects?

Question 43

what are dairy foods?

Question 44

how does underconsumption of dairy foods cause osteoporosis?

Question 45

how does underconsumption of dairy foods cause cardiovascular disease?

Answer 45

Under-consumption of dairy has been associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension and stroke.

Question 46

how does underconsumption of dairy foods cause colorectal cancer?

Answer 46

An underconsumption of dairy may increase the risk of colorectal cancer because dairy products contain calcium, which helps protect against cancerous cell growth in the colon.

Question 47

how does underconsumption of dairy foods cause type 2 diabetes?

Answer 47

An underconsumption of dairy may contribute to type 2 diabetes risk as dairy products contain proteins and bioactive compounds that improve insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.

Question 48

how does underconsumption of dairy foods cause dental caries?

Question 49

why are fats important?

Question 50

what are the types of fats?

Question 51

how does a high intake of fat cause overweight and obesity?

Question 52

how does a high intake of fat cause cardiovascular disease?

Question 53

how does a high intake of fat cause type 2 diabetes?

Question 54

how does a high intake of fat cause colorectal cancer?

Question 55

why is salt (sodium) important?

Question 56

how does a high intake of salt cause hypertension?

Question 57

how does a high intake of salt cause cardiovascular disease?

Question 58

how does a high intake of salt cause osteoporosis?

Question 59

how does a high intake of sugar cause overweight and obesity?

Question 60

how does a high intake of sugar cause dental caries and dental disease?