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Politics Component 2 > Facts > Flashcards

Facts Flashcards

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1
Q

Estelle Morris’ resignation
(Education Secretary, Labour)

A

Individual Ministerial Responsibility
2002
A Level exam marking failings
Targets not met for literacy and maths
Felt she was not as effective (more effective as junior minister)

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2
Q

Chris Huhne’s Resignation
(Energy and Climate Change Secretary, Liberal Democrats)

A

Individual Ministerial Responsibility
2012
Charged with perverting the course of justice over a 2003 speeding case

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3
Q

Maria Miller’s Resignation
(Culture, Media and Sport Secretary, Conservatives)

A

Individual Ministerial Responsibility
2014
Expenses scandal

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4
Q

Matt Hancock’s Resignation
(Health Secretary, Conservatives)

A

Individual Ministerial Responsibility
2021
Broke own COVID guidelines by kissing colleague

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5
Q

Michael Heseltine’s Resignation
(Defence Secretary, Conservatives)

A

Collective Ministerial Responsibility
1986
Thatcher’s helicopter deal

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6
Q

Robin Cook’s Resignation
(Leader of the House of Commons, Labour)

A

Collective Ministerial Responsibility
2003
Opposed the Iraq War

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7
Q

Boris Johnson’s Resignation
(Foreign Secretary, Conservatives)

A

Collective Ministerial Responsibility
2018
Theresa May’s chequer plan for Brexit

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8
Q

Rishi Sunak’s Resignation
(Chancellor of the Exchequer, Conservatives)

A

Collective Ministerial Responsibility
2022
Believed Johnson not competent and serious leader

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9
Q

Popular individual/figure weakening collective ministerial responsibility

A

Gordon Brown
‘Big beast’ - significant support within party
Him and Blair briefed against each other in the media

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10
Q

Suspending collective ministerial responsibility

A

2011: AV referendum Lib Dems: AV Cons: FPTP
2016: EU referendum e.g. Michael Gove campaigned to leave the EU

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11
Q

Weakness of own government weakening collective ministerial responsibility (2019)

A

8 ministers including Andrea Leadsom voted against an Article 59 extension

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12
Q

Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill (2025) in relation to Collective Ministerial Responsibility

A

Government took no official position
Foreign Secretary David Lammy and Justice Secretary Shabana Mahmood voted against the bill
Keir Starmer voted in favour of bill

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13
Q

Weakness of individual ministerial responsibility - in relation to Priti Patel

A

2020
Found by an independent investigation to have bullied civil servants
Johnson refused to ask for her resignation - popularity within party

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14
Q

Weakness of individual ministerial responsibility in relation to Gavin Williamson (Education Secretary)

A

2020
A Level and GCSE algorithm saga
Many calls for him to resign
Picture - reminding everyone he was chief whip
Calls for him to resign in Winter 2020/21 - threatened to sue schools to stay open before then ordering them to shut just after 1 day of January’s term

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15
Q

The Constitutional Reform Act

A

2005
Lord Chancellor - took roles away of being head of the judiciary and speaker of the House of Lords
Made it illegal for ministers to try to use ‘special access’ to judges to influence their decisions
Independent Judicial Appointments Commission selects judges
Created Supreme Court

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16
Q

Number of members on Supreme Court

A

12

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17
Q

Number of female justices on Supreme Court

A

2

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18
Q

Phrase used by The Times to describe judiciary in 2012

A

‘Pale, male and stale’

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19
Q

High salaries of Supreme Court judges

A

Between c£100,000 and c£250,000

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20
Q

“We don’t do politics, we do decide legal questions”

A

Lord Reed in 2020
President of the Supreme Court

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21
Q

“I strongly disagree with this decision of the Supreme Court”
“There are a lot of people who basically want to stop this country coming out of the EU”

A

Boris Johnson
2019
Following Miller II case defeat

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22
Q

Belmarsh Case (2004)

A

Law Lords ruled that the Anti-Terror, Crime and Security Act (2001) was incompatible with ECHR

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23
Q

Miller I Case (2017)

A

Triggering Article 50 without Parliament’s permission was ultra vires
Theresa May had to ask Parliament’s permission to trigger Article 50

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24
Q

Miller II Case (2019)

A

Boris Johnson’s prorogation of Parliament was ultra vires

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25
Lord Judge promotion
2 months after forcing MPs to divulge the details of their expenses claims
26
Sirros v Moore (1975)
Established common law precedent that judges cannot be sued for the decisions or comments they make as a judge
27
Daily Mail referred to The Supreme Court during Miller I Case
“ENEMIES OF THE PEOPLE”
28
“should legal obstacles arise we will legislate further, including if necessary amending the Human Rights Act”
Tony Blair
29
HM Treasury v Ahmed (2010)
Ruled that the Treasury had frozen the assets of terror suspects since 2006 without any authorisation from Parliament
30
R (Rutherford) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions (2016)
Ruled that the government was unlawfully deducting housing benefit payments from the Rutherford family, who needed the ‘spare bedroom’ for an overnight carer
31
2015: Supreme Court ruled that under the Freedom of Information Act
Government ministers had to release letters Prince Charles wrote to 7 government departments in 2004-5 - “black spider memos”
32
Boris Johnson and Rishi Sunak received Fixed Penalty Notices for breaking lockdown rules
2022
33
Begun v Home Secretary (2021)
Ruled that the Home Secretary Priti Patel was entitled to prevent Shamima Begum from returning to the UK
34
Result of ruling that Civil Partnership Act (2004) was incompatible with ECHR in 2018
Parliament replaced the act with the Civil Relationships Act (2019)
35
Example of free vote
Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill (2013)
36
The Constitutional Reform and Governance Act (2010)
Gave House of Commons power to refuse to ratify a foreign treaty
37
UK joined the EEC
1973
38
UK left the EU
31 January 2020
39
The Four Freedoms
Goods Services Capital People
40
Immigration Act 2020
Free movement of people between the UK and EU ended
41
Euro
Introduced in 1999 Issued as notes and coins from 2002
42
The Factortame Case
1990 EU laws were legally superior to UK laws
43
The Magna Carta
1215 Established principle that law applies to all Guaranteed certain basic rights, including no imprisonment without jury trial
44
The Parliament Act (1911)
Removed the House of Lords’ power to block money bills Gave Commons ability to bypass Lords after 2 years
45
The Parliament Act (1949)
Gave the Commons ability to bypass the Lords after 1 year
46
The European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Act (2017)
Gave Theresa May authority to trigger article 50, beginning the Brexit process
47
The European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act (2020)
Took the UK out of the EU by ratifying the Brexit Withdrawal Agreement negotiated with the EU into UK law
48
Example of authoritative work
Erskine May’s Treatise on the Law
49
House of Lords Act (1999)
Removed all but 92 hereditary peers
50
Number of hereditary peers in Lords before reform
759
51
Fixed Term Parliaments
2011 General elections were to be held every 5 years unless vote of no confidence and no replacement government emerges or 2/3rds of all MPs agree to a motion asking for an early general election
52
The European Union (Future Relationship) Act (2020)
Put UK’s trade deal with the EU into law
53
Elections Act 2022
Require photo ID to vote Change mayoral and police and crime commissioner elections from SV to FPTP Placed Electoral Commission under supervision of a government minister
54
Type of devolved powers for Northern Ireland
Administrative and some legislative power
55
Type of devolved powers for Scotland
Administrative, legislative and financial
56
Type of devolved powers for Wales
Administrative and legislative Some financial powers
57
Scotland Act (1998)
Established Scottish Parliament
58
1997 Scottish devolution referendum
74% Yes 60% t/o
59
Scotland Act (2016)
Scottish Parliament gained even more financial powers e.g. decide whether to create own transport and energy Gained more legislative powers e.g. more powers over transport and energy
60
Differences in policy in Scotland, compared to England
No tuition fees in Scotland Free prescriptions Fox hunting more restricted
61
Government of Wales Act (1998)
Welsh Parliament established
62
1997 Welsh devolution referendum
50% yes 50% t/o
63
Government of Wales Act (2014)
Gained some financial powers e.g. some control of business taxes
64
Wales Act (2017)
E.g. can raise or lower income tax by 10p in the pound Increased borrowing powers The power to change the name of the assembly
65
Senedd and Elections (Wales) Act (2020)
Changed the name of the legislature to Senedd Cymru or the Welsh Parliament Allowed 16-17 years old to vote in Senedd elections
66
Differences in policy in Wales, compared to England
There are no published school league tables Free prescriptions for under 25s Welsh language becoming an official and legally protected language
67
Northern Ireland Act (1998)
Established Northern Irish Assembly
68
1998 Good Friday Agreement referendum
71% Yes 81% t/o
69
Have alcohol minimum unit pricing
Scotland Wales
70
Scottish Independence Referendum (2014)
55% no
71
London mayor’s budget
£17 billion a year
72
Example of something Livingstone introduced as London mayor
Congestion charge
73
Example of something Johnson created as London mayor
London cable car
74
Example of something introduced by Khan as London mayor
Ultra low emissions zone
75
May 2012: 10 of England’s largest cities were asked in referendums if they wanted to have a directly elected mayor
All voted no, except Bristol, which had a 2nd referendum 10 years later and chose to scrap the post
76
Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016
Created a number of regional metro mayor elected positions
77
Powers of Mayor of Greater Manchester (created in 2017)
Holds budget of £6 billion Controls Greater Manchester’s health and social care systems Oversees Greater Manchester Police Can raise the level of local business rates
78
English votes for English laws (EVEL)
2015-20 Bill ceritifed as ‘English only’ Only English-constituency MPs were permitted to take part in the early Committee stage Bill only pass into law if it was agreed to by a Legislative Grand Committee of MPs from English constituencies and by the House of Commons as a whole

Politics Component 2 (4 decks)

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