FAILED PRACTICE Flashcards
1
Q
What is the default frequency band for 802.11n?
A
2.4 GHz (also supports 5 GHz)
2
Q
What are the three main types of wireless encryption?
A
WEP, WPA, WPA2
3
Q
What does SSID stand for?
A
Service Set Identifier
4
Q
In the ‘show etherchannel summary’ output, what does ‘P’ flag mean?
A
ort is bundled in the EtherChannel and is in a PAgP (Port Aggregation Protocol) or LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) group.”
5
Q
What does ‘D’ flag indicate in EtherChannel?
A
PAgP is down
6
Q
What is NETCONF used for in networking?
A
To manage network devices via XML over SSH
7
Q
What is OpenFlow?
A
A protocol that enables SDN controllers to interact with forwarding planes of switches/routers
8
Q
Why is JSON used in network automation?
A
It is a lightweight data-interchange format
9
Q
What Python library is commonly used to send REST APIs?
A
requests
10
Q
What is the 2-Way state in OSPF?
A
Both routers have seen each other’s hello packets
11
Q
What is the Full state in OSPF?
A
Routers have fully exchanged LSDBs
12
Q
What does the EIGRP ‘Init’ state mean?
A
Hello packet received but no acknowledgment yet
13
Q
What is a Northbound API in SDN?
A
An API used by applications to communicate with the SDN controller
14
Q
What is a Southbound API in SDN?
A
An API used by the controller to communicate with network devices
15
Q
What is the purpose of the Spine-Leaf architecture?
A
To provide a scalable and low-latency network design
16
Q
What is a characteristic of a leaf switch in spine-leaf?
A
Connects to end devices and spine switches
17
Q
What is a babble in networking?
A
A condition where a device continues to transmit beyond allowed frame size
CAUSES:
Faulty NIC (Network Interface Card):
Bad Driver or Firmware:
Corrupted Memory or Buffer Overflow:
Electrical or Signal Interference:
Improperly Configured Devices:
18
Q
What is Syslog level 0?
A
Emergency
19
Q
What is Syslog level 5?
A
Notice
20
Q
What is the standard Ethernet frame size?
A
1518 bytes including header and CRC
21
Q
What is the maximum payload of an Ethernet frame?
A
1500 bytes
22
Q
What is the function of 802.11 Management frames?
A
Discovery & Association:
Beacon – AP advertises its presence.
Connection Setup:
Connection Maintenance:
23
Q
What are 802.11 Control frames used for?
A
For access coordination like RTS/CTS
24
Q
What causes ‘err-disabled’ state on a switch port?
A
Security violation, BPDU guard, link flapping, etc.
25
What does 'late collision' indicate?
Collision detected after 512 bits of transmission
26
What does 'show interface' display?
Detailed stats including errors, input/output rates
27
What does 'show interface status' show?
Port status, VLAN, duplex, speed, and type
28
What is the maximum theoretical speed of 802.11ac?
Up to 6.9 Gbps
29
What does MIMO stand for in wireless networking?
Multiple Input Multiple Output
30
What is the purpose of a wireless controller?
To manage and control multiple APs in a network
31
What is the difference between WPA2 and WPA3?
WPA3 offers improved encryption and protection against brute-force attacks
32
In EtherChannel, what does 'S' mean in summary output?
Layer 2 EtherChannel
33
What does 'R' mean in the EtherChannel flags?
Layer 3 EtherChannel
34
What command shows EtherChannel status on a Cisco switch?
show etherchannel summary
35
What data format does NETCONF use?
XML
36
What is the role of OpenFlow in SDN?
It allows the SDN controller to modify the behavior of network devices dynamically
37
How does NETCONF differ from RESTCONF?
NETCONF uses XML and supports more complex operations, RESTCONF uses JSON and RESTful APIs
38
What is the Python dictionary equivalent of a JSON object?
A key-value pair structure
39
Which Python module converts a dictionary to JSON format?
json
40
Which library is commonly used in Python for network automation?
netmiko or paramiko
41
What is the OSPF 'ExStart' state?
Routers establish master/slave and sequence numbers
42
What is the 'Exchange' state in OSPF?
Routers exchange DBD packets
43
What is the 'Loading' state in OSPF?
Routers request missing LSAs
44
What is the 'Full' state in OSPF?
OSPF neighbors are fully adjacent
45
What is the EIGRP 'Up' state?
Indicates a successful neighbor relationship
46
What is an example of a Northbound API?
REST API used by applications
47
What is an example of a Southbound API?
OpenFlow or NETCONF
48
Why are Southbound APIs critical in SDN?
They allow controllers to manage network devices directly
49
Why is spine-leaf architecture used in data centers?
To provide consistent latency and scalability
50
What connects to both leaf and spine switches?
Leaf switches connect to spines; endpoints connect to leafs
51
What might cause a babble condition?
NIC or driver malfunction
52
How is babble detected?
Exceeding the maximum transmission size
53
What is Syslog level 1?
Alert
54
What is Syslog level 2?
Critical
55
What is Syslog level 3?
Error
56
What is Syslog level 4?
Warning
57
What is Syslog level 6?
Informational
58
What is Syslog level 7?
Debug
59
What is a jumbo frame?
An Ethernet frame with payload >1500 bytes (commonly up to 9000 bytes)
60
What is the minimum Ethernet frame size?
64 bytes
61
What is the preamble in an Ethernet frame?
7 bytes used for synchronization
62
Which 802.11 frame type handles retransmissions?
Control frames (e.g., ACK)
63
Which 802.11 frame initiates a connection?
Authentication frame (management)
64
What is the purpose of a Beacon frame?
To announce the presence of a wireless network
65
What does 'input errors' in interface stats indicate?
Errors with received frames, such as CRC or alignment issues
66
What does a high number of 'output drops' indicate?
Congestion or buffer overflows
67
What causes 'collisions' in Ethernet?
Two devices transmitting at the same time in half-duplex
68
What does 'show interface' display that 'show interface status' does not?
Error counters, bandwidth, duplex, and input/output rates
69
When troubleshooting a port not forwarding traffic, which command should be used first?
show interface status
70
What is the default frequency band for 802.11n?
2.4 GHz (also supports 5 GHz)
71
What are the three main types of wireless encryption?
WEP, WPA, WPA2
72
What does SSID stand for?
Service Set Identifier
73
In the 'show etherchannel summary' output, what does 'P' flag mean?
Port is in Port-channel
74
What does 'D' flag indicate in EtherChannel?
PAgP is down
75
What is NETCONF used for in networking?
To manage network devices via XML over SSH
76
What is OpenFlow?
A protocol that enables SDN controllers to interact with forwarding planes of switches/routers
77
Why is JSON used in network automation?
It is a lightweight data-interchange format
78
What Python library is commonly used to send REST APIs?
requests
79
What is the 2-Way state in OSPF?
Both routers have seen each other’s hello packets
80
What is the Full state in OSPF?
Routers have fully exchanged LSDBs
81
What does the EIGRP 'Init' state mean?
Hello packet received but no acknowledgment yet
82
What is a Northbound API in SDN?
An API used by applications to communicate with the SDN controller
83
What is a Southbound API in SDN?
An API used by the controller to communicate with network devices
84
What is the purpose of the Spine-Leaf architecture?
To provide a scalable and low-latency network design
85
What is a characteristic of a leaf switch in spine-leaf?
Connects to end devices and spine switches
86
What is a babble in networking?
A condition where a device continues to transmit beyond allowed frame size
87
What is Syslog level 0?
Emergency
88
What is Syslog level 5?
Notice
89
What is the standard Ethernet frame size?
1518 bytes including header and CRC
90
What is the maximum payload of an Ethernet frame?
1500 bytes
91
What is the function of 802.11 Management frames?
To manage connections (e.g., beacon, authentication)
92
What are 802.11 Control frames used for?
For access coordination like RTS/CTS
93
What causes 'err-disabled' state on a switch port?
Security violation, BPDU guard, link flapping, etc.
94
What does 'late collision' indicate?
Collision detected after 512 bits of transmission
95
What does 'show interface' display?
Detailed stats including errors, input/output rates
96
What does 'show interface status' show?
Port status, VLAN, duplex, speed, and type
97
What is the maximum theoretical speed of 802.11ac?
Up to 6.9 Gbps
98
What does MIMO stand for in wireless networking?
Multiple Input Multiple Output
99
What is the purpose of a wireless controller?
To manage and control multiple APs in a network
100
What is the difference between WPA2 and WPA3?
WPA3 offers improved encryption and protection against brute-force attacks
101
In EtherChannel, what does 'S' mean in summary output?
Layer 2 EtherChannel
102
What does 'R' mean in the EtherChannel flags?
Layer 3 EtherChannel
103
What command shows EtherChannel status on a Cisco switch?
show etherchannel summary
104
What data format does NETCONF use?
XML
105
What is the role of OpenFlow in SDN?
It allows the SDN controller to modify the behavior of network devices dynamically
106
How does NETCONF differ from RESTCONF?
NETCONF uses XML and supports more complex operations, RESTCONF uses JSON and RESTful APIs
107
What is the Python dictionary equivalent of a JSON object?
A key-value pair structure
108
Which Python module converts a dictionary to JSON format?
json
109
Which library is commonly used in Python for network automation?
netmiko or paramiko
110
What is the OSPF 'ExStart' state?
Routers establish master/slave and sequence numbers
111
What is the 'Exchange' state in OSPF?
Routers exchange DBD packets
112
What is the 'Loading' state in OSPF?
Routers request missing LSAs
113
What is the 'Full' state in OSPF?
OSPF neighbors are fully adjacent
114
What is the EIGRP 'Up' state?
Indicates a successful neighbor relationship
115
What is an example of a Northbound API?
REST API used by applications
116
What is an example of a Southbound API?
OpenFlow or NETCONF
117
Why are Southbound APIs critical in SDN?
They allow controllers to manage network devices directly
118
Why is spine-leaf architecture used in data centers?
To provide consistent latency and scalability
119
What connects to both leaf and spine switches?
Leaf switches connect to spines; endpoints connect to leafs
120
What might cause a babble condition?
NIC or driver malfunction
121
How is babble detected?
Exceeding the maximum transmission size
122
What is Syslog level 1?
Alert
123
What is Syslog level 2?
Critical
124
What is Syslog level 3?
Error
125
What is Syslog level 4?
Warning
126
What is Syslog level 6?
Informational
127
What is Syslog level 7?
Debug
128
What is a jumbo frame?
An Ethernet frame with payload >1500 bytes (commonly up to 9000 bytes)
129
What is the minimum Ethernet frame size?
64 bytes
130
What is the preamble in an Ethernet frame?
7 bytes used for synchronization
131
Which 802.11 frame type handles retransmissions?
Control frames (e.g., ACK)
132
Which 802.11 frame initiates a connection?
Authentication frame (management)
133
What is the purpose of a Beacon frame?
To announce the presence of a wireless network
134
What does 'input errors' in interface stats indicate?
Errors with received frames, such as CRC or alignment issues
135
What does a high number of 'output drops' indicate?
Congestion or buffer overflows
136
What causes 'collisions' in Ethernet?
Two devices transmitting at the same time in half-duplex
137
What does 'show interface' display that 'show interface status' does not?
Error counters, bandwidth, duplex, and input/output rates
138
When troubleshooting a port not forwarding traffic, which command should be used first?
show interface status
139
What does IEEE 802.1q define?
Used on trunks to identify VLANs
140
What does IEEE 802.3ad specify?
Specifications for EtherChannel (link aggregation)
141
What does IEEE 802.11i define?
Used as a security enhancement for WLANs (WPA2)
142
What does IEEE 802.1x define?
Used as an authentication mechanism for network access control
143
Which interface counter increases due to a malfunctioning NIC that breaks carrier sensing?
no carrier
144
What type of 802.11 frame is 'Association response'?
Management
145
What type of 802.11 frame is 'Block Ack'?
Control
146
What type of 802.11 frame is 'Null'?
Data
147
What type of 802.11 frame is 'Authentication Request'?
Management
148
What type of 802.11 frame is 'RTS'?
Control
149
What type of 802.11 frame is 'ACK'?
Control
150
What type of 802.11 frame is a frame from a wireless client to server?
Data
151
What are the 7 syslog levels?
7DINWECAE
0 Emergency System is unusable
1 Alert Immediate action needed
2 Critical Critical conditions
3 Error Error conditions
4 Warning Warning conditions
5 Notice Normal but significant
6 Informational Informational messages
7 Debug Debug-level messages
