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French rev 1774-99 > Failure of a constituional monarchy > Flashcards

Failure of a constituional monarchy Flashcards

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1
Q

When were the August decrees

A

4th- 11th August 1789

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2
Q

What did  the August decrees do?

A 
Abolish feudalism
Abolishment of tithes
Venality abolished
Taxes made equal across estates
Offices open to all citizens
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3
Q

What was the great fear

A

Rural unrest in France, pearls taking up arms against lords targeting sources of oppression
 because of bad harvests and rising grain prices grain prices

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4
Q

When was the great fear?

A

Summer 1789

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5
Q

What happened because of the August decrees

A

Not sudden change

Was a statement of intent that noble privileges would be cast aside and promised a more equal society

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6
Q

When was the decoration of the rights of man and citizen

A

26th August 1789

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7
Q

What was the Dec of R of m

A

List of principles and values for new constitution
It ended privilege and the ancien regime
Mainly represented the interests of the property owning bourgeoisie

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8
Q

Who wrote the declaration

A

Lafayette majorly with help from Jefferson

Who wrote the American declaration

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9
Q

What was in the declaration

A

All men born free with equal rights
Main rights were liberty, security and resistance to oppression
Power rests with the people
Freedom of worship, expression and to buy property
Taxation in proportion to means

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10
Q

What did Louis do in response to these

A

5th August he refused the August decrees

Also voiced objections to declaration

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11
Q

What did Louis objections cause the Assembly to do

A

Question what rights the king should have

September 1789, agreed he would get a suspense veto, ment he could suspend all hut financial laws for upto 4 yeas

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12
Q

What did radical newspapers do in October

A

Spread rumours of royal insult on a cockade

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13
Q

What did tensions in Paris cause in October

A

6000-2000 women gathered at hotel de ville demanding bread, they were then persuaded to March to Versailles

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14
Q

What happened whenthe women arrived at Versailles

A

They broke into the palace and killed royal guards

The National guard came and helped suppress the violence

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15
Q

What was the result of the October days, king and CA

A

King was escorted to Paris, Tuileries

CA also moved to Paris, house 56 monarchist deputies fled in fear of their lives which was a loss in support for Louis

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16
Q

Why were the October days symbolic?

A

Gave a sense of victory to the revolution over the ancien regime and showed the common people take political events into their own hands

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17
Q

What powers did the king still have

A

Right to appoint own ministers, ambassadors, military commanders
25 million lives royal expenditure
Given suspensive veto to delay laws up to 4 years

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18
Q

What powers did the king loose

A

Stripped of significant legislative power

No longer initiate new laws or taxes, all written and sanctioned the constituent Assembly

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19
Q

Who could vote

What did they vote for

A

Active citizens, male tax payers over 25

Voted in local governments, to choose electors who voted for the CA deputies

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20
Q

Percentages of the votes effectiveness

A

70% male citizens vole
50% could electors
10% could become deputies

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21
Q

Reaction of this system of voting

A

Was a bigger franchise then anywhere else in Europe
Was a major change from ancien regime
Faced some opposition as people didn’t like the concept of active and passive citizens

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22
Q

What economic reforms made in summer 1789

A

CA abolished taille, gable, tithes, feudal dues, custom duties, state monopolies, tax forming

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23
Q

Who did the economic reforms benefit

A

Bourgeoise, had suffered from monopolies and customs

Peasant land owners, no longer payed land tax

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24
Q

When was nationalisation of church land

A

2nd November 1789

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25
How was church land sold
Was land of the church and emigres worth 400 mil livers Much sold to bourgeois and neasenty To purchase biens nationaux had to buy assigns
26
When was the new taxation system introduced
January 1791
27
What did the new taxation system do
All taxes direct New tax on transfer of goods, passive citizens exempt Tax on business profits Universal land tax, no exemptions
28
Why did some celebrate the selling of church land
Argued made nons/ monks useful citizens | Saw it as redressing the balance of church greed and exploitation
29
Why did others dislike the attack on the church
Saw attack on church as attack on God | Bishops condemned actions of the CA, said those who bought church land were in league with the devil
30
What stopped as a result of sale of church land
The education, health care that the church provided to the less wealthy
31
When was the civil constitution of the clergy sanctioned
12th July 1790
32
What sort of church did the constituent Assembly wast
``` Free from abuses such as plurality Independent from Rome Democratic Linked to new system of government Linked closer to the state to strengthen revolution ```
33
What were key terms of the Ccoc
No recognition of bishops appointed by the pope All titles not mentioned in the civil constitution abolished All priest and bishops to be elected All priests payed by the state
34
27th November 1790?
Oath of allegiance to the constitution
35
How many signed the oath
7 out of 83 bishops | Those who didn't sign were known as refinery priests and were persecuted so many fled
36
What were he two Catholic Churches in France
One was he constitutional church, which revolution accepted the revolution but rejected by the pope The other was a non-juring church approved by the pope but seen as rejecting the revolution
37
Who else opposed the ccc
Not only clergy Peasantry didn't like it, church was cente of their lives Especially in western areas
38
When did Protestants and Jews get full civil rights
Protestants 1789 | Jews 1791
39
What other freedom did the CA uphold in their reforms
Freedom of expression, no censorship, CA useable to radical press
40
What other reforms were made
Abolishion of parlements Aug 1790 Letters de cachet abolished All citizens tried in the same trial
41
What were letters de cachet replaced with
Justices of peace, country divided to 83 departments | Active citizens elect a jp, hey would then oversee law and order for that region.
42
What were the aims of the jacobin club
Preserve gains of the revolution Ensure statute of the city Protect property/intrests of bourgeoisie
43
Who attended Jacobins ? Price? Popularity?
``` Wealthy liberal constitutional monarchists High entry fees Very popular 1200 members in Paris 152 affiliated clubs ```
44
When did the Jacobins split?
July 1791, after flight to varennes
45
How did the jacobins split
More radical followed Robespierre, became more republican | Less radial split away made different club, feuilliants
46
What Jobs did Robespierre have
Was a lawyer, fought for underdog, driven by liberal justice Elected to estates generals Became deputy of the CA Became president of Jacobins March 1790
47
Robespierre, lifestyle? Motivation? Nickname?
Led a simplistic, idealistic lifestyle Did work for the people The incorruptible, nicknamed for his great oral skills
48
When were these clubs established
Jacobins late 1789 | Cordeliers spring 1790
49
Aims of Cordeliers club
Believed CA refoms fell short of deceleration Onnosed distinction of active/passive citizens, male suffrage Pro insurrection Saw it their duty to watchover government and stand up for the oppressed
50
Cordeliers, members? Price? Speakers?
Cheap entry fee Still brought wealthy, well educated members Darren, Desmoulins, Marat, Brissot
51
What Jobs had Danton had?
Lawyer July 1789, inspired to join National guard, commander Position in Paris commune
52
Danton, motivation? Figure? Lifestyle?
Felt CA wasn't representing lower classes, so established club Local figure, man of the people, close association with sans-culottes Luxurious lifestyle, spending, women, drinking
53
Jobs Brissot had
Had lived in poverty, lived hand to mouth as writer Worked as pamphleteer Moved to Paris, estates generals, started newspaper Joined Legislative Assembly Sep 1791 Girondin faction,
54
Brissot views and beliefs
Committed republican Skilled crater Wanted abolishment of monarchy
55
why were there strikes in 1791
economic prices inflation rise in bread prices bad harvests
56
how were the strikes in 1791 dealt with
national guard maintained order
57
who were the sans culottes
rioters | tradespeople craftspeople workers shop owners
58
what was the reason for unrest in 1791
increasing radicalism of politcal clubs danton, desmoulins, marat rioters fuelled by agitators and radical press
59
what was part of revolutionary culture
fashion long hair, aristocratic declined sans culottes- red bonnet stripe trousers citizen used to describe each other
60
who were influential towards a constitutional monarchy
lafayette, mirabeau
61
what was mirabeau's career
leading in early consituent assembly imprisoned under lettres de cachet pamphleteer elected to estates generals
62
what were mirabeau's beliefs
opposed despotism constitutional monarchy, monarchs powers shared with assembly denounced violence oppose august decrees and delaration seen as too radical
63
why was mirabeau seen as a monachist
he worked closely with the king to reach a compromise of radical beliefs mirabeau was being paid to show support for the king
64
what did lafayette do to prevent radicalism
national guard
65
who was in the triumlative
duport barnave comte
66
what did the triumlative believe in
brige teh political divide in ca wanted compromise with the king constitutional monarchy
67
what counter revolutionary club was established in 1790
monarchy club
68
what happened to the monarchy club
produced propaganda to counter cordiliers came into violence with jacobins spring 1791 ceased to exisit lack in popularity jacobin dominance created a fear of couter revolutionary ideas
69
conc | was was the impact of the political clubs and groups
political divide increasing unrest radical press furthered politcal instablility still largely constituional monarchy wanted

French rev 1774-99 (3 decks)

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