Fall final Flashcards

(68 cards)

1
Q

Neolithic Age

A

The period of the Stone Age associated with the ancient Agricultural Revolution(s). It follows the Paleolithic period.

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2
Q

Paleolithic

A

The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.

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3
Q

Ozymandias

A

Poem/sonnet written in 1817 that illustrates the eventual uselessness of a great king’s proud boast that time and history has ironically disproved;

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4
Q

Hammurabi Code

A

Set of laws established by Mesopotamian ruler. It is the most important document to survive from ancient Mesopotamia.

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5
Q

Hammurabi

A

Mesopotamian ruler who established a uniform set of laws and created the Old Babylonian Empire

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6
Q

Ziggurats

A

Step-shaped pyramid serving as the main temple in Mesopotamian cities.

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7
Q

Epic of Gilgamesh

A

Perhaps, the oldest written story on Earth. It comes to us from Ancient Sumeria, and was originally written on 12 clay tablets in cunieform script. It covers the adventures of the King of Uruk .

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8
Q

Polytheism

A

The belief in more than one god or many gods

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9
Q

Monotheism

A

Belief in only one God

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10
Q

Zoroaster

A

A Persian prophet who said that there were not many deities as the Persians thought, but only Ahura Mazda (good) and Ahriman (darkness) and that someday Ahura Mazda would beat Ahriman.

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11
Q

satrap

A

Official who ruled a state in the Persian empire under Darius

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12
Q

Hieroglyphics

A

Pictographic script, particularly that of ancient Egypt.

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13
Q

Cuneiform

A

Writing of early Mesopotamian civilizations composed of slim triangular or wedge-shaped elements.

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14
Q

Joshua

A

Early Hebrew leader who succeeded Moses and led the conquest of Canaan.

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15
Q

Moses

A

Leader of Hebrews who led the nation of Egyptian slaves through 40 years of wandering in the desert in route to the Promised Land. He received the 10 Commandments from God on Mt. Sinai.

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16
Q

King David

A

He defeated Goliath and became the second king of the Hebrew nation. Expanded the borders of the Hebrew nation. Father of Solomon.

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17
Q

King Solomon

A

Third king of Hebrew nation; builder of the first temple; known for wisdom and the writer of many Old Testament writings.

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18
Q

King Saul

A

First king of the Hebrew nation. Was killed by Philistines.

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19
Q

Persian Empire

A

Empire created under Cyrus the Great and lasted from 550 B.C. until defeated by Alexander the Great.

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20
Q

Hittite Empire

A

An empire of Anatolia. Advanced the use of chariots in warfare.

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21
Q

Cyrus the Great

A

Founder of the Persian Empire and famous for permitting the Jewish captives to return home.

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22
Q

Xerxes

A

Persian king and son and successor of Darius I. Led a failed military campaign against Greece that included the battles of Thermopylae and Salamis.

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23
Q

Homer

A

Greek blind poet and author of the Illiad and The Odyssey.

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24
Q

Bablyonia

A

Empire developed in Mesopotamia . Established the first documented law code, 60 numbered code, 360 day calendar, and advanced astrology.

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25
Delian League
Anti-Persian alliance of Greek cities organized by Athens
26
Peloponnesian War
27-year war between Athens and Sparta.
27
Herodotus
Author , of a history of the Persian Wars, known as the Father of History.
28
Persian Wars
Wars between combined Greek city-states and the Persian Empire between 490 B.C.and 480 B.C.
29
Thucydides
Greek historian of the late fifth century B.C. known for his account of the Peloponesian War
30
Pericles
Important leader and warrior in Athens during the Golden Age who strengthened democracy, made it possible for poor people to be in the government of Athens, and said there should be equal justice for all people.
31
hoplite
Heavily armed Greek soldier
32
Tyrant
Illegal, unconstitutional Greek ruler who opposed the aristocrats.
33
Oligarchy
Greek for "rule by the few", constitutional form of government based on rule by the wealthy.
34
Solon
Politician and poet of Athens in the early sixth century B.C. who created the oligarchy at Athens.
35
Socrates
Athenian philosopher of the late fifth century B.C. who used a question-and-answer method of teaching.
36
Plato
Athenian philosopher of the early fourth century B.C. who wrote The Republic and established a school called the Academy.
37
Aristotle
Greek philosopher who established scientific classification methods and the school known as the Lyceum.
38
Doric, Ionic, Corinthian
From simplest to more ornate the three column types that began in ancient Greece
39
Sophocles
Athenian writer of Greek tragedies; most victorious of Dionysus Festival competition; author of Antigone.
40
Philip of Macedon
Father of Alexander the Great who united the Greeks under his rule.
41
Alexander the Great
Ruler of Macedonia, conqueror of the Persian Empire, and known for spread of Greek (Hellenistic) culture in western Asia.
42
Alexandria
Name of 70+ colonies by Alexander the Great. Famous for its libraries.
43
Hebrews
Known for monotheism, being a people of the Book, and eventual settlement in Canaan. Dispersed through several Diaspora events.
44
The Illiad and the Odyssey
Stories by Homer chronicling the Trojan War and Odysseus' trek home from the Trojan War.
45
Marathon
battle between Athenians and Persians.
46
Thermopylae
land battle between Persians and Greeks led by select few Spartans who sacrificed their lives to hold off the invaders.
47
Salamis
sea battle near an island near Athens in which the Greek fleet led by Athenians defeated the Persian fleet.
48
List in order the five stages of Greek Civilization
Minoan, Mycenaean, Dark, Archaic, Classical
49
Etruscans
Inhabitants of northwestern Italy whose culture greatly influenced early Rome.
50
Plebeians
The less privileged of the early Roman citizens
51
Patricians
The most privileged of the early Roman citizens
52
Hannibal
Carthaginian general who invaded Italy beginning the Second Punic War
53
Romulus
One of two twin brothers who were legendary founders of Rome
54
Carthage
City and civilization on the northern coast of Africa; originally founded by Phoenicia; rival to Rome in 3 successive wars
55
Punic Wars
Three wars over a approximately 120 years between Rome and Carthage; won by Rome and propelled Rome into great territorial expansion.
56
Roman Republic
System of government introduced by Romans after expelling kings in 509 B.C., based on collegiate rule and rule by law;
57
Roman Empire
Began under the rule of Octavian (Augustus Caesar); rule by dictatorial emperor, weakened Senate, and strengthened army.
58
Julius Caesar
Member of the First Triumvirate who ceased control of Rome after a civil war. Was murdered by many Senators resulting in a new, Second Triumvirate
59
Octavian
Member of the Second Triumvirate who became the ruler of the Roman Empire; also known as Augustus Caesar
60
Pax Romana
Period of Roman peace, economic growth, and the introduction of Christianity
61
Principate
Roman Empire , as established by Augustus
62
First Triumvirate
A group of three men formed to rule Rome that was eventually overpowered by Caesar.
63
Second Triumvirate
A group of three men to rule Rome that was eventually overpowered by Octavian.
64
Battle of Actium
Battle on the eastern coast of Greece between Octavian and Antony. won by Octavian who became the Emperor of Rome and known as Augustus Caesar.
65
Twelve Tables
First written collection of Roman law
66
Latin Rights
In the Roman Republic and the Empire, certain rights and privileges, amounting to qualified citizenship, of a person who was not a Roman citizen.
67
Lucretia
Roman matron who was raped by the last Etruscan King. Disgraced, she committed suicide, leading Romans to end the monarchy and replace it with the republic.
68
Equestrians
a new Roman social class that emerged ranking just below the senators