Fallacies Flashcards
(13 cards)
All Americans are friendly , lawyers never tell the truth, women love babies are all examples of?
dicto simplicator / unqualification generalization
“All students are smoking the cafeteria leads me to conclude that most college students smokes” is an example of a…?
Hasty generalization - a conclusion drawn from too few many examples
“senator x just divorce his wife. How can his proposal be any good?
This is an example of?
Poisoning the well/ Ad Hominem - argument attacking the man rather than the issue
“you should re-elect senator x; after all, he has a crippled mother, a retarded son, and his wife just died.”
This is an example of?
Ad Misericordiam - appeal to pity
Appeared to the people, to what they want to hear or what they fear is what fallacy?
Ad Populem -
We the greatest Americans we don’t what those people coming with their “red” ideas do we?
This is also sometimes called the appeal to common believe or appeal to masses because it’s about getting people to do or drink something because “ everyone else is doing it”
Bandwagon appeal fallacy
Irrelevant association and often buy appeal to emotion, that quantities of one thing are inherently qualities of another. Irrelevant association
What type of fallacy is this?
Testimonial (or association)
“George Washington once made the same point as senator x. It’s the Christian thing to do, because, as Jesus says…”
Define
Hypothesis contrary to fact
Offering a poorly supported claim about what might have happened in the past our future, if the (hypothetical part) circumstances are conditions were different. The fallacy also entails treating future hypothetical situations as if they are fact.
Logical form:
If x didn’t happen then y wouldn’t have happened
Example
If you didn’t spend that $5 in 96’ then you wouldn’t be broke right now.
Post Hoc
Faulty cause and effect
Confusing coincidental time sequence with genuine causation, sometimes called post hoc
Example
“Every time I forget my umbrella, it rains, therefore I cause the rain by leaving my umbrella at home, and I can guarantee a nice day by bringing my umbrella”
False analogy
an argument based on misleading, superficial, or implausible comparisons. -Wrongful comparison.
Notice that in “love is a fallacy” are brilliant teacher / student commits the same fallacy can you find the fallacy?
“You are either for the law or against it!” (And what if I am four parts of it or for it under circumstances but not all of them?)
Either or / two alternatives fallacy
This fallacy is a form a logical fallacy in which an argument is assumed to be true without evidence other than that the argument itself. It does not mean “to raise a question” in other words when a series of assumptions pretend to be an argument.
For example
“I am always right, because I said it, it must be right. CONSCLUSION: I am always right.”
Begging the question // circular argument
Red herring fallacy
The red herring fallacy is an attempt to mislead or distract from the relevant topic.
Example
“Mommy I want a toy”
“Honey let’s Rush home. Yummy treat for you!”
