Fallacies Flashcards
(21 cards)
Straw man
Occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or over simplified example in order to ridicule and refute an opponents view point.
False dilemma
The speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices
Red herring
Occurs when a speaker skips to a new and irrelevant topic in order to avoid the topic of discussion.
Logical fallacies
Vulnerabilities in an argument caused by faulty reasoning or incorrect use of eveidence.
Ad hommien
Latin for the phrase “To The Man” the phrase refers to the diversionary tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker.
Circular reasoning
Repeating the claim as a way to provide evidence resulting in no evidence at all.
Post hoc
“After which, therefore, because of which” highlights that it is incorrect to claim something is a cause just because it happened earlier.
Hasty generalization
Meaning that there is not enough evidence to support a particular claim.
Faulty analogy
Focuses on irrelevant or inconsequential similarities between two themes.
Band wagon
Occurs when it comes down to “Everybody’s doing it”
Appeal to false authority
Someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue at hand.
Personal experience
Your own experience on a topic.
Anecdote
Stories about people that you’ve observed, been told about, or researched .
Quantitive evidence
Things that can be represented in numbers and may be presented through verbal explanations.
Induction
Arranging an argument so that it leads from particulars to universals
Deduction
Moves in the opposite direction
Syllogism
A logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a solution.
Claims of value
Argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong, valuable or not valuable, and desirable or undesirable.
Claims of fact
Asserts something that is true or not true.
Claim of policy
Argument to change the rule or policy.
