Families and age subcultures

Question 1

What are salient identity cues?

Answer 1

Signals that highlight aspects of a person’s identity in a given context.

Question 2

What are identity mindsets?

Answer 2

Ways in which individuals perceive and interpret their own social identity.

Question 3

What is social identity priming?

Answer 3

The activation of a particular social identity through environmental or contextual cues.

Question 4

What are threats to social identity?

Answer 4

Challenges that undermine a person’s perceived membership or status within a social group.

Question 5

What is ingroup bias?

Answer 5

Favoring members of one’s own group over outsiders.

Question 6

What is social dominance bias?

Answer 6

The preference for hierarchical group structures and social inequality.

Question 7

What are the key roles in family decision-making?

Answer 7

Initiator, gatekeeper, influencer, decider, buyer, preparer, user, maintainer, disposer.

Question 8

What are some changes in family structure?

Answer 8

Increase in diverse family types (e.g., same-sex parents, mixed cultures), shifting household concepts, and the use of technology to stay connected.

Question 9

How does geographic dispersion affect family life?

Answer 9

Families use technology (e.g., WhatsApp) to maintain connections.

Question 10

What factors influence family size?

Answer 10

Education level, birth control availability, and religion.

Question 11

What is the sandwich generation?

Answer 11

Adults caring for both their children and aging parents.

Question 12

Who are boomerang kids?

Answer 12

Adult children who return to live with their parents.

Question 13

How are preferences and loyalties transferred between generations?

Answer 13

Through shared consumption habits and values.

Question 14

What is family identity?

Answer 14

A family’s sense of continuity, present situation, and character.

Question 15

What are the components of a communicative (network) approach to identity?

Answer 15

Individual identity, relational identity, and collective identity.

Question 16

What is the family life cycle (FLC)?

Answer 16

A model describing the stages a family goes through, affecting consumption patterns.

Question 17

What are transition points in the FLC?

Answer 17

Times when consumers are more likely to switch brand preferences and be open to marketing efforts.

Question 18

What are the key characteristics of the Bachelor Phase?

Answer 18

Young, single adults (20-35 years old)
Establishing independence, launching careers
Moderate discretionary income
Focus on socializing and fun

Question 19

What are the key characteristics of Young Couples (no children)?

Answer 19

Dual-income, climbing earnings
Self-indulgent purchases (cars, furniture, appliances)
Enjoyment and togetherness appeals

Question 20

What defines Full Nest I (children under 6)?

Answer 20

Reduced discretionary income (one spouse may work less)
Spending on first home, daycare, toys
Economy, durability, and safety appeals

Question 21

What defines Full Nest II (children 6+ but still dependent)?

Answer 21

Rising income, full-time working parents
Increased spending on children, college, retirement
Comfort and long-term enjoyment appeals

Question 22

What defines Full Nest III (teen or young adult children at home)?

Answer 22

Higher family income
Parents focus on career, children work part-time
Luxury and comfort appeals

Question 23

What defines Empty Nest I (children moved out, mid-40s to mid-60s)?

Answer 23

High discretionary income
Spending on travel, home improvements, luxury goods
Self-gratification appeals

Question 24

What defines Empty Nest II (older couples, late 50s+)?

Answer 24

Reduced income (retirement, part-time work)
Spending shifts to health care, travel, grandchildren
Appeals focus on affordability and comfort

Question 25

What defines Solitary Survivor I?

Answer 25

One spouse has passed away May continue working or move to assisted living Spending on vacations, clothing, health care

Question 26

How do people treat pets in marketing?

Answer 26

Name-brand pet products Lavish kennel clubs Pet accessories

Question 27

What are consensual purchase decisions?

Answer 27

Decisions made jointly by family members with mutual agreement.

Question 28

What are accommodative purchase decisions?

Answer 28

Decisions requiring compromise due to conflicting preferences.

Question 29

What factors lead to decision conflicts in families?

Answer 29

Interpersonal need, product involvement, responsibility, and power.

Question 30

What is an autonomic decision?

Answer 30

A decision made by one spouse alone.

Question 31

What is a syncratic decision?

Answer 31

A decision made jointly by both partners.

Question 32

What factors affect decision-making patterns among couples?

Answer 32

Sex role stereotypes, experience, spousal resources, and socioeconomic status.

Question 33

What is the influence market? (Children as decision makers)

Answer 33

Parents buy what their kids ask for (parental yielding).

Question 34

What is the primary market? (Children as decision makers)

Answer 34

Kids spending their own money.

Question 35

What is the future market? (Children as decision makers)

Answer 35

Kids buying items usually associated with adults.

Question 36

What are some tactics children use to influence family purchases?

Answer 36

Pressure, exchange, coalition tactics, rational persuasion, inspirational appeals.

Question 37

What is consumer socialization?

Answer 37

The process by which young people acquire marketplace skills and knowledge.

Question 38

What influences children’s purchasing behavior?

Answer 38

Parents, family, teachers, TV, toys, and culture.

Question 39

How does purchasing influence differ between pre-adolescents and teenagers?

Answer 39

Pre-adolescents: Influence from family Teenagers: Influence from peers, often rejecting parental preferences

Question 40

What is reverse socialization?

Answer 40

When younger generations influence older generations.

Question 41

What are the four parenting styles?

Answer 41

Authoritative (restrictive but warm) Authoritarian (restrictive and hostile) Indulgent (lenient, accepting, nonpunitive) Neglecting (permissive but uninvolved)

Question 42

What are the stages of cognitive development?

Answer 42

Under 6: Limited understanding 6-11: Cued understanding 11+: Strategic understanding

Question 43

What are key ethical concerns in marketing to children?

Answer 43

No misleading claims, no unrealistic expectations, no unsafe portrayals, no pressure tactics.

Question 44

Who are tweens?

Answer 44

Ages 8-14, balancing childhood and adolescence, prefer "feel-good" products.

Question 45

What characterizes the teen market (14-17)?

Answer 45

More independence, conflict between autonomy vs. belonging, rebellion vs. conformity.

Question 46

What defines Gen Z?

Answer 46

Digital natives, most diverse generation.

Question 47

What defines Millennials (Gen Y)?

Answer 47

Prefer interactive marketing and personally relevant promotions.

Question 48

What are common myths about the elderly market?

Answer 48

That they are inactive and spend little, when in reality they can be cash-rich and time-rich consumers.

Question 49

What are key values of older consumers?

Answer 49

Autonomy, connectedness, altruism.

Question 50

What are major product categories for older consumers?

Answer 50

Health & beauty, travel, financial services, technology.