families and childhood

Question 1

punch

Answer 1

children in non-western cultures are asked to take responsibility at an early age and contribute through work to the community

Question 2

cunningham

Answer 2

childhood a social construction based on three principles:
- childhood the opposite of adulthood
- child world separate from the adult world, and the two should not mix (pubs, age-ratings, clothing)
- children have the right to ‘happiness’ and to not work

Question 3

philippe aries

Answer 3

‘centuries of childhood’, studied art, found that concept of childhood did not exist in medieval times. childhood is a shifting concept and not universal

criticism: social class. we only see upper class children in the photos. also paintings can’t be used as evidence as they are false environments

Question 4

linda pollock

Answer 4

criticises aries, states that artwork does not mean there was no concept of childhood and that people dressed up for photos

Question 5

anthony giddens

Answer 5

family has become a democracy of emotions. family is child centred

Question 6

opie and opie

Answer 6

observed children over many decades - childhood is not disappearing. always separation. disagrees with postman

Question 7

chris jenks

Answer 7

postmodernist - adults focus on their relationships with their children - seen as more dependable than adult relationships. children have become overprotected.

Question 8

policies

Answer 8

child support act 1991
children’s act 1989
children’s act 1908

Question 9

neil postman

Answer 9

childhood disappearing at a ‘dazzling speed’, no separation anymore between what children and adults do. innocent protected period gone

Question 10

diana gittins

Answer 10

age patriarchy - adults control children and dominate them.

Question 11

melanie philips

Answer 11

new right, critical of liberal parenting and attitudes, children have too many rights and no respect for authority - unable to cope

Question 12

sue palmer

Answer 12

changes are damaging to children like unhealthy food, poor sleep, little family time, staying indoors, more testing in schools. leads to bad stuff
children no intellectual curiosity, due to more screens
parents use technology as a substitute to parenting. self-obsession

Question 13

margo & dixon

Answer 13

uk youth near the top of international league tables for obesity, self-harm, drug abuse, sexual experiences and teenage pregnancy etc.

Question 14

pugh

Answer 14

parents are cash rich, time poor, so tech used as a substitute for tech

Question 15

mayer hillman

Answer 15

boys given more freedom, girls socialised into bedroom culture

Question 16

julia brannan

Answer 16

asian families were much stricter and tighter control over daughters