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Sociology > Families And Households > Flashcards

Families And Households Flashcards

1
Q

What type of family has many generations but not many in each generation?

A

Bean pole

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2
Q

Which sociologist coined the term ‘Warm Bath Theory’?

A

Parsons

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3
Q

Name one way in which childhood could be said to be toxic.

A

Junk food, technology and video games, lack of parental engagement

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4
Q

Which sociologist is associated with the ‘sociology of personal life’?

A

Carol Smart

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5
Q

Which sociologist thinks that childhood is disappearing?

A

Postman

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6
Q

Identify one government policy from the last 40 years which has impacted the family.

A

Children’s Act, Civil Partnerships, Child Support Agency, Paternity Leave, New Deal, Gay Marriage Act, Sex Discrimination Act, Equal Pay Act

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7
Q

Which sociologist completed a study looking at housewives and housework?

A

Anne Oakley

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8
Q

What is the triple shift?

A

Emotional work, paid work, domestic labour

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9
Q

Which family type has the mother in charge?

A

Matrifocal

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10
Q

Which perspective believes that the traditional family is disintegrating which is leading to the collapse of society?

A

New Right

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11
Q

What is the general trend in births since 1900?

A

Decline

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12
Q

Give one reason for rise in divorce.

A

Divorce Reform Act, secularisation, less stigma, rise in expectations, changing role of women

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13
Q

What is a social norm?

A

Unwritten rule of behaviour

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14
Q

Define the term infant mortality rate.

A

Number of infant deaths before their first birthday per thousand live births per year

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15
Q

What is the difference between an arranged marriage and a forced marriage?

A

Arranged marriage means they still have choice, but a forced marriage doesn’t have choice and is illegal

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16
Q

How often is the UK census completed?

A

10 years

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17
Q

What is migration?

A

The movement from one country to another

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18
Q

What term is used to describe a family where there are multiple wives?

A

Polygamy

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19
Q

What is a symmetrical family?

A

Where there is equality between the partners in terms of domestic labour and decision making

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20
Q

What is the definition of fertility rate?

A

The average number of children a woman can have during her childbearing years (15-45)

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21
Q

What is the expressive role?

A

The emotional support and caring role

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22
Q

Which sociologist is associated with toxic childhood?

A

Sue Palmer

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23
Q

Which sociologist is associated with the cushioning effect?

A

Zaretsky

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24
Q

What does the term ‘dark side of the family’ refer to?

A

Abuse and violence in the family

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25
Q

What is a neo-conventional family?

A

Dual earning family with traditional roles

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26
Q

What are the 5 types of diversity according to the Rapaports?

A

Cultural, life course, organisational, generational, social class

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27
Q

Give one reason for the rise in cohabitation.

A

Secularisation, less stigma, women’s financial independence, rising disillusionment with marriage

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28
Q

Who are the two main Functionalist thinkers who discuss the family?

A

Murdock and Parsons

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29
Q

What are the 4 functions of the family according to Murdock?

A

Meeting it’s members economic needs, reproduction of the next generation, primary socialisation, stable saris of sex drive

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30
Q

What is the definition of death rate?

A

Number of deaths per year per thousand of the population

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31
Q

What are three types of Feminism?

A

Radical, Liberal, Marxist, Difference

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32
Q

What is the postmodernist view of the family?

A

We create the family that suits our needs at that moment time

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33
Q

What is meant by joint conjugal roles?

A

Partners share the domestic labour and leisure time

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34
Q

What is the term for when society and families focus on the needs of the children?

A

Child centred

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35
Q

Define the term family.

A

A group of people bonded by blood or legal means

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36
Q

What is the divorce rate?

A

Number of divorces per thousand married couples per year

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37
Q

Who is associated with the negotiated family and individualisation theory?

A

Beck

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38
Q

What is the general trend in marriages in the past 50 years?

A

Decline

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39
Q

Identity one inequality between children and adults.

A

Neglect, abuse, control over time, space, bodies and resources

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40
Q

Give one reason for the change in position of children.

A

Introduction of compulsory schooling, Child Protection Legislation, children’s rights, declining family size

41
Q

What is a pure relationship?

A

A relationship that is held together by choice and love, not tradition or social norms

42
Q

Give one reason for the rise in the symmetrical family.

A

Changing role of women, geographical mobility, new technology, higher standards of living

43
Q

What is age patriarchy?

A

Adult domination over children

44
Q

Who believed that childhood isn’t disappearing but changing?

A

Opie

45
Q

Which sociologists are associated with the March of Progress view?

A

Willmott and Young

46
Q

What is the difference between emigration and immigration?

A

Emigration is leaving the country, immigration is entering

47
Q

Who looked into the historical differences in childhood?

A

Aries

48
Q

What is the information hierarchy?

A

The division between adults who can read and children who can’t

49
Q

Pahland Vogler identified two ways that money is controlled in the family. What are they?

A

Pooling and allowance system

50
Q

What is the dependency ratio?

A

The relationship between the working population and non-working/dependant population

51
Q

What is meant by fictive kin?

A

Friends that’s you treat as family

52
Q

Who suggested that domestic violence is caused by patriarchy and the need for men to assert their power over women?

A

Dobash and Dobash

53
Q

What is the duel burden?

A

Domestic labour and emotional support

54
Q

Which perspective sees the rising divorce rate as meaning that people have more choice over their lives?

A

Postmodernism

55
Q

What is the instrumental role?

A

The breadwinner and disciplinarian of the family, usually the male

56
Q

What is meant by a social construct?

A

Social phenomena that is created and varies from society to society

57
Q

Give one reason for the decline in birth rate.

A

Changing role of women, introduction of contraception, decline in infant mortality rate, child centeredness, children as economic liabilities

58
Q

Give one reason for the rise of lone parent families.

A

Changing role of women, rise of divorce, single by choice, fertility technology

59
Q

Who is associated with the cultural explanation for the domestic division of labour?

A

Gurshuny, Man Yee Kan, Dunne

60
Q

Who investigated the Tikopia tribe in relation to Children?

A

Mirth

61
Q

Give one reason for the decline in death rate.

A

Improved nutrition, medical improvements, smoking and diet, decline in dangerous manual occupations, better public health measures

62
Q

What is meant by life expectancy?

A

How long the average person will live for

63
Q

What is net migration?

A

The difference between the number of people leaving a country and the number of people who enter it

64
Q

Who argued against Postman stating that childhood was not disappearing?

A

Opie

65
Q

How does the family support capitalism according to the Marxists?

A

Inheritance of wealth, passing on of private property, unit of consumption, providing the next generation of workers

66
Q

Give one impact of an ageing population.

A

Higher dependency ratio, more extended family, more demand for social services

67
Q

Who is the main thinker in the New Right?

A

Charles Murray

68
Q

What is the sociological CAGE?

A

Class, age, gender, ethnicity

69
Q

What did Parsons mean by ‘functional fit’?

A

Families change structure to fit the needs of society

70
Q

What is a LAT?

A

Living apart together

71
Q

What is a reconstituted family?

A

Step family. Partners bring children from a previous relationship to a new relationship

72
Q

What is a extended family?

A

3 or more generations living in close proximity to each other (includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc)

73
Q

What does patriarchy mean?

A

Male domination in society

74
Q

What type of family was most prominent in pre-industrial society?

A

Extended family

75
Q

What type of household counted for 11% of all households in 2011?

A

Single person

76
Q

Which sociologist is associated with the neo-conventional family?

A

Chester

77
Q

What is an empty nest family?

A

Where the children have grown up and left home

78
Q

In what 4 ways do adults control children?

A

Space, time, resources, bodies

79
Q

What is an endogamous marriage?

A

Marriage with the same ethnic group, social class or religion

80
Q

What is a household?

A

A group of people who live under the same roof, share bills and resources but are not related by blood of legal means

81
Q

What is the difference between a refugee and an asylum seeker?

A

Refugee has status in the country whereas an asylum seeker doesn’t yet

82
Q

Give one reason why families have become more cho centred.

A

Less children, more resources, laws

83
Q

Name the four types of marital breakdown.

A

Divorce, separation, annulment, empty shell

84
Q

What is serial monogamy?

A

Sexually exclusive relationships that follow one after the other

85
Q

What is meant by a sandwich generation?

A

The generation that is looking after both their own children and their elderly parents at the same time

86
Q

Name one way that Postman suggest that childhood is disappearing.

A

Information hierarchy, crime, sexualisation, blurring of responsibilities

87
Q

What term did Parsons use to explain the process of social institutions changing to fit the needs of society?

A

Structural differentiation

88
Q

What do radical feminists men why political lesbianism?

A

Getting rid of sexual politics by only having sex won’t other women regardless of sexuality

89
Q

What is confluent love?

A

A relationship that only lasts as long as it is convenient and meets expectations

90
Q

How did Aries investigate the historical relativity of childhood?

A

Though pictures and paintings

91
Q

What term is used by Parsons to describe the role of the breadwinner and disciplinarian of the family?

A

Instrumental role

92
Q

Give two reasons why domestic violence is under reported.

A

Fear, belief they deserve it, not knowing they are a victim

93
Q

In which ethnic group are matrifocal single parent families most common?

A

Afro-Caribbean

94
Q

What term is used to describe a marriage with more that two parents?

A

Polyamory

95
Q

What is an ascribed status?

A

The status that you are born with

96
Q

What is the difference between empty nest and empty shell marriage?

A

Empty nest means children have left home. Empty shell marriage means there’s no more love between the partners but usually stay together for the children

97
Q

Before the Divorce Reform Act what three reasons could be given by a woman for wanting divorce?

A

Abuse, abandonment, adultery

98
Q

What are the three main causes of domestic violence?

A

Husband’s expectations regarding a woman’s domestic work, possessiveness and sexual jealousy, allocation of family resources (money), crisis of masculinity

Sociology (1 decks)

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