Family and parenting

Question 1

How many human rights are there for children?

Answer 1

40

Question 2

What is the mothers responsibility?

Answer 2

Mother has parental responsibility from birth

Question 3

What is the fathers responsibility?

Answer 3

Father has parental responsibility only if married at child’s birth

Question 4

What are the three styles of parenting? Who came up with it?

Answer 4

Baumrind

• Authoritarian-strict
• Authoritative-ideas
• Permissive-relaxed ideas

Question 5

What are authoritarian strict ideas?

Answer 5

Authoritarian-strict ideas about discipline and behaviour that are not open to discussion

Question 6

What are authoritative- ideas?

Answer 6

Authoritative-ideas about discipline and behaviour that are explained and discussed with children

Question 7

What are permissive-relaxed ideas?

Answer 7

Permissive-relaxed ideas about discipline & behaviour

Question 8

Types of parents – Maccoby and Martin

-Categorises Baumrind’s parenting styles to determine type of parent

Answer 8

Demandingness = behavioural control
e.g. naughty step, positive reinforcement

Responsiveness = psychological control

Question 9

How do children result in when having authoritative parents?

Answer 9

Authoritative parents raise children that have better academic achievement and social competence

Question 10

How do demanding children end up?

Answer 10

Demanding child = lives at home with parents, unmarried, financially dependent on parents, often in full time education inc. university

Question 11

What are the five guidelines a parent should follow?

Answer 11

• Be united – adults agree and support each other’s decisions.
• Be clear – agreeing on rules and expectations in advance.
• Be consistent – stick to what’s been agreed. ‘No’ means ‘no’.
• Be flexible – as children grow up, rules need to change.
• Be loving – children know the rules are there because you love them and want what’s best for them.

Question 12

How to apply principles of learning theory?- rewards/time-outs

Answer 12

house rules and the naughty seat (time out)

• using positive reinforcement
• reward charts

Question 13

How does the father, grandparents, peers and siblings play unique roles in someones life?

Answer 13

• Father = increasing child-rearing involvement
• Grandparents = surrogate in place of parents but still parents themselves
• Peers = child 12-18 months will touch mum, rarely touch peer but spend much longer looking at them than mum
• Siblings = social partners, rivalry

Question 14

What are the statistics for family structures in the UK?

Answer 14

19.0 million families, 8 million with dependent children.

Increase in single parent families (now ~14%)

Question 15

Definition of dependent children?

Answer 15

Dependent children- living at home with parents, unmarried, financially dependent on parents, of a certain age – varies between countries – e.g. up to 25 if in full-time education

Question 16

How is interest in peers show between 12-18 months?

Answer 16

Early interest in peers

• 12-18 months will touch mum most but look at unfamiliar peer more than at mum
• 2-year olds eliciting peer attention or imitating peers

Question 17

Types of play at 2-4 years old

Answer 17

• 2-4 years = alone in groups, watching and copying, play with one another all in equal proportion

Question 18

Types of play at 5-6 years old

Answer 18

5-6 years = mainly with same sex, boys in larger groups of mixed ages, girls in smaller groups of same ages

Question 19

Types of play- 12+ years

Answer 19

12+ years = cliques or gangs of mixed sex

Question 20

Sociometric status’= popular, controversial, neglected and rejected

Answer 20

•	popular (high ML, low LL)
-socially competent
•	controversial (high ML and LL)
-dominant characters, sociable, aggressive 
•	neglected (low ML and LL)
-well-adjusted, shy
•	rejected (low ML, high LL)
•	at risk, withdrawal, high aggression

Question 21

What are adolescents like behaviour wise?

Answer 21

•	storm and strife; chaos- 16 years old
•	moving from role confusion to identity
•	use own experience as anchor
-“I’ve been young and know what it is like”
-“In my days …”
•	a changed and changing world
-social relationships and rules