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Family Diversity Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

What are the trends in Marriages?

A
  • Peaked in 1970
  • Sudden drop from 2010 onwards
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2
Q

What is a statistic that supports the declining trend in marriages?

A
  • Drop from 480,000 to 85,000 from 1970s to 2020
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3
Q

What are the 4 factors that have affected Marriage rates?

A
  • Secularisation
  • Decline in stigma
  • Changing Position of Women
  • Fear of divorce
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4
Q

What is the explanation of Secularisation in relation to marriage?

A
  • Decline in the Church’s influence
  • 2001 Census: 17% of religious people are married, 3% of non religious people are married
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5
Q

What is the evaluation of Secularisation in relation to marriage?

A
  • People are still getting married in churches
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6
Q

What is the explanation of the decline in stigma in relation to marriage?

A
  • Cohabitation and children outside of wedlock are more common
  • 2012: 42% of people thought that you should get married before having kids, down from 70% in 1989
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7
Q

What is the evaluation of the decline in stigma in relation to marriages?

A
  • Most couples that cohabit tend to get married anyway
  • Chandler: it’s a stepping stone
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8
Q

What is the explanation of the CPOW in relation to marriages?

A
  • Women are now more financially independent which gives them more freedom
  • Sue Sharpe + McRobbie: changing ambitions
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9
Q

What is the evaluation of CPOW in relation to marriages?

A
  • Functionalism: Women still get married, they just do it later once their career is established
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10
Q

What is the explanation of the Fear of Divorce?

A
  • People reject marriage due to the possible experience of divorce
  • Financial costs, emotional damage and legal processes can be avoided
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11
Q

What is the evaluation of the Fear of divorce?

A
  • Remarriage statistics show that divorcees tend to get married again anyway
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12
Q

What is Cohabitation?

A
  • An unmarried couple that live together and are in a sexual relationship
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13
Q

What are the trends in Cohabitation?

A
  • It is the fastest growing family type
  • There were 2.5x as many adults cohabiting in 2022 than 1996
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14
Q

What factors have led to the trend in Cohabitation?

A
  • Secularisation
  • Decline in stigma
  • CPOW
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15
Q

What is the explanation of Secularisation in relation to Cohabitation?

A
  • People are less religious according to the 2001 Census
  • They don’t see marriage as important
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16
Q

What is the evaluation of Secularisation in relation to Cohabitation?

A
  • Marriages still take place in churches
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17
Q

What is the explanation of the decline in stigma in relation to Cohabitation?

A
  • Pre-marital sex is more approved
    (65% in 2010 vs 44% in 1989)
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18
Q

What is the evaluation of the decline in stigma in relation to Cohabitation?

A
  • People tend to get married after cohabiting, the average age of marriage is just higher
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19
Q

What is the explanation of the CPOW in relation to Cohabitation?

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A
  • Women no longer need to marry for financial stability, Cohabitation is sustainable
20
Q

What is the evaluation of the CPOW in relation to Cohabitation?

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A
  • Women stil get married, just later on once their career is established
21
Q

What are the trends in Same-sex relationships?

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A
  • More people are identifying as homosexual or bisexual (steady increase since 2014)
  • More same sex couples are getting married since it’s been legalised
22
Q

What are the 3 factors that have led to the trend in same sex relationships?

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A
  • Legal changes
  • Decline in stigma
  • Secularisation
23
Q

What is the explanation of the changes in law in relation to same sex relationships?

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A
  • Civil Partnerships Act (2004): gave same sex relationships similar legal rights to marriages (e.g. pensions and inheritance)
  • Marriage (Same Sex Couples Act) 2013: First gay marriage in UK in 2014
24
Q

What is the evaluation of the effect of changes in law in relation to same sex relationships?

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A

The New Right: they criticise these laws, believing they undermine the functions of the the family (SERS) by preventing correct Socialisation

25
What is the explanation of the decline in stigma in relation to same sex relationships?
- Polls show there's an increased tolerance to homosexuality
26
What is the evaluation of the decline in stigma in relation to same sex relationships?
- It's hard to quantify how tolerant society is
27
What is the explanation of Secularisation in relation to same sex relationships?
- Fewer people believe it is a sin to be gay as fewer people are religious
28
What is the evaluation of Secularisation in relation to same sex relationships?
- It can be argued that Secularisation isn't happening
29
What are the trends in Living Apart Together?
- **Duncan and Phillips**: about 1 in 10 adults are LAT in a relationship
30
What are the 3 factors for the increase in Living Apart Together?
- Decline in stigma - CPOW - Limited finances
31
What is the evaluation of the increase in LATs?
- Duncan and Phillips: LATs no longer being abnormal doesn't mean traditional relationships are being rejected
32
What are the trends in Child Bearing?
- 51.4% of children are now born outside of marriage (double 1986) - Women are having fewer children - 2.93 per woman in 1964 vs 1.94 per woman in 2001
33
What are the factors leading to the trends in Child Bearing?
- Decline in stigma - CPOW
34
What is the explanation of the decline in stigma in relation to child bearing?
- More socially acceptable - Only ⅓ of 18-24 year olds think you should be married before having kids
35
What are the trends in Lone Parent Families?
- In 2022, 27% of families were LPF - 85% of LPFs are headed by mothers
36
What are the factors leading to the trends in Lone Parent Families?
- CPOW - Increase in divorce - Courts - Impact of Feminism
37
What is the explanation of the CPOW in relation to Lone Parent Families?
- Women's growing financial independence means they can afford to head families on their own - Welfare benefits support them
38
What is the explanation for the increase in divorce in relation to Lone Parent Families?
- Creates more Lone parents - Less frowned upon to raise a child on your own
39
What is the explanation of courts in relation to Lone Parent Families?
- Radical feminists claims that the stereotypical "expressive role" leads to women tending tingling custody of children
40
What is the explanation of the impact of feminism in relation to Lone Parent Families?
- Many women no longer want to marry - **Renvoize**: professional women can support a child without a father's involvement
41
What are the trends in reconstituted families?
- Made up 11% of couple families with kids in 2011 - Made up 4.5% of all families in 2011
42
What are the factors leading to the trends in reconstituted families?
- Divorce/seperation - Courts
43
What is the explanation of divorce/seperation in relation to reconstituted families?
- More seperations leads to the forming of new families
44
What is the explanation of courts in relation to reconstituted families?
- Most of the children in a reconstituted family come from the mother's previous relationship
45
What does McCarthy say about reconstituted families?
- There is diversity among them - Should refer to them as "stepfamilies" not "the stepfamily" to avoid generalisations

Sociology (20 decks)

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