Family: Herpesviridae Flashcards by Rachel Wisnoski

Family Herpesviridae viruses are _________, ___________ to __________, _________- stranded ________ genome.
A. non enveloped, spherical to pleomorphic, double, DNA
B. enveloped, spherical to pleomorphic, double, DNA
C. non enveloped, circular to pleomorphic, double, RNA
D. enveloped, circular to pleomorphic, double, DNA

B. enveloped, spherical to pleomorphic, double, DNA

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Herpeseviridae viruses replication and encapsidation occur in the: 
A. Nucleus
B. Cytoplasm
C. Mitochondria
D. Endoplasmic Reticulum

A. Nucleus

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How is the viral envelope of the herpesviridae viruses acquired?
A. exocytosis through the cytoplasmic membrane
B. budding through the cytoplasmic membrane
C. budding through the nuclear envelope
D. exocytosis through the nuclear envelope

C. budding through the nuclear envelope

–technically via budding through the inner layer of the nuclear envelope.

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Herpesviridae viruses' mature virions accumulate within vacuoles in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and are released by exocytosis or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. nucleus, nucleolysis 
B. cytoplasm, cytolysis 
C. nucleus, budding
D. cytoplasm, budding

B. cytoplasm, cytolysis

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T/F: Herpesviruses are resilient outside of the host and can survive for months in dry environments.

FALSE!!!

–Herpesviruses DO NOT SURVIVE WELL outside of the host.

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Which type of environmental conditions promote extended survival of herpesviruses? 
A. dry and hot
B. humid and hot
C. moist and cool
D. moist and hot

C. moist and cool

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Which of the following animals serves as a reservoir for transmission of herpesviridae viruses? 
A. Laterally infected animals
B. Horizontally infected animals
C. Vertically infected animals
D. Parallel infected animals

A. Laterally infected animals

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All of the following are general characteristics of family herpesviridae, except:
A. Reactivation of latent herpesvirus infection is usually associate with stress caused by intercurrent infections, shipping, cold, crowding, or by the administration of glucocorticoid drugs.
B. Some herpesviruses are oncogenic
C. Persistent infection with periodic or continuous shedding occurs in all herpesvirus infections.
D. Formation of Syncytium
E. All of the above are general characteristics of family Herpesviridae.

E. All of the above are general characteristics of family Herpesviridae.

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Herpesviridae viruses contain what type of inclusion body?
A. “botryoid” intra-cytoplasmic
B. Type A Cowdry Intranuclear eosinophilic
C. Type A (ATI) eosinophilic
D. Type B (Guarineri) basophilic

B. Type A Cowdry Intranuclear eosinophilic

-“botryoid” intra-cytoplasmic: this is in circoviridae virus- Porcine circovirus type-2: Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.
-Type A (ATI) eosinophilic: this is in most poxviruses.
-Type B (Guarineri) basophilic: This is in cowpox and ectromelia virus.

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All of the following are subfamily’s of family Herpesviridae, except:
A. Betaherpesvirinae
B. Alphaherpesvirinae
C. Gammaherpesvirinae
D. Desovirinae
E. All of the above are subfamily’s for herpesviridae

D. Desovirinae

—Desovirinae is a subfamily in parvoviridae family that is deals with insects, which we are not concerned with

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Which of the following viruses are within subfamily alphaherpesvirinae?
A. Bovine Herpesvirus 1 and 2 
B. Porcine Herpesvirus 1 
C. Equine Herpesvirus 1 and 4
D. Canine Herpesvirus 1
E. Alcephaline Herpesvirus 1
F. Ovine Herpesvirus 2
G. Porcine Herpesvirus 2 
H. Feline Herpesvirus 1 
I. Gallied Herpesvirus 1
J. Gallied Herpesvirus 2 
K. A-G
L. A-D, and H-J
M. All of the above

L. A-D, and H-J
–Bovine Herpesvirus 1 and 2 ; Porcine Herpesvirus 1; Equine Herpesvirus 1 and 4; Canine Herpesvirus 1; Feline Herpesvirus 1; Gallied Herpesvirus 1; Gallied Herpesvirus 2 are all within subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae

–Alcephaline Herpesvirus 1 and Ovine Herpesvirus 2 are within subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae

–Porcine Herpesvirus 2 is within subfamily Betaherpesvirinae

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All of the following are properties of subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, except:
A. Generally, high cytopathic cell culture
B. Some alphaherpesviruses, such as said herpesvirus 1 (pseudorabies), have a broad host range, whereas most are highly restricted in their natural host range
C. Many alphaherpesviruses produce localized skin lesions, particularly in the skin or on the mucosal of the respiratory and genital tracts
D. Generalized infections characterized by foci of necrosis in almost any organ or tissue are typical of infection of very young or immunocompromised animals
E. Relatively long replication cycle
F. In pregnant animals, transfer of the virus across the placenta, leading to abortion, characteristically with multifocal areas of necrosis in several fetal organs
G. All of the above are properties of subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae

E. Relatively long replication cycle

—Should say: Relatively SHORT replication cycle!

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Which virus causes Bovine mammilitis and pseudo-lumpy skin disease? 
A. Bovine Herpesvirus 1  
B. Porcine Herpesvirus 1 
C. Equine Herpesvirus 1 
D. Canine Herpesvirus 1
E. Feline Herpesvirus 1 
F. Gallied Herpesvirus 1
G. Gallied Herpesvirus 2 
H. Bovine Herpesvirus 2  
I. Equine Herpesvirus 4

H. Bovine Herpesvirus 2

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Which virus causes Abortion, respiratory disease, encephalitis, and perinatal foal mortality? 
A. Bovine Herpesvirus 1  
B. Porcine Herpesvirus 1 
C. Equine Herpesvirus 1 
D. Canine Herpesvirus 1
E. Feline Herpesvirus 1 
F. Gallied Herpesvirus 1
G. Gallied Herpesvirus 2 
H. Bovine Herpesvirus 2  
I. Equine Herpesvirus 4

C. Equine Herpesvirus 1

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Which virus causes Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, infectious balanoposthitis, and abortion? 
A. Bovine Herpesvirus 1  
B. Porcine Herpesvirus 1 
C. Equine Herpesvirus 1 
D. Canine Herpesvirus 1
E. Feline Herpesvirus 1 
F. Gallied Herpesvirus 1
G. Gallied Herpesvirus 2 
H. Bovine Herpesvirus 2  
I. Equine Herpesvirus 4

A. Bovine Herpesvirus 1

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Which virus causes Feline viral rhinotracheitis? 
A. Bovine Herpesvirus 1  
B. Porcine Herpesvirus 1 
C. Equine Herpesvirus 1 
D. Canine Herpesvirus 1
E. Feline Herpesvirus 1 
F. Gallied Herpesvirus 1
G. Gallied Herpesvirus 2 
H. Bovine Herpesvirus 2  
I. Equine Herpesvirus 4

E. Feline Herpesvirus 1

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Which virus causes Infectious laryngotracheitis of chickens? 
A. Bovine Herpesvirus 1  
B. Porcine Herpesvirus 1 
C. Equine Herpesvirus 1 
D. Canine Herpesvirus 1
E. Feline Herpesvirus 1 
F. Gallied Herpesvirus 1
G. Gallied Herpesvirus 2 
H. Bovine Herpesvirus 2  
I. Equine Herpesvirus 4

F. Gallied Herpesvirus 1

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Which virus causes Pseudorabies and Aujeszky's disease? 
A. Bovine Herpesvirus 1  
B. Porcine Herpesvirus 1 
C. Equine Herpesvirus 1 
D. Canine Herpesvirus 1
E. Feline Herpesvirus 1 
F. Gallied Herpesvirus 1
G. Gallied Herpesvirus 2 
H. Bovine Herpesvirus 2  
I. Equine Herpesvirus 4

B. Porcine Herpesvirus 1

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Which virus causes Rhinopneumonitis? 
A. Bovine Herpesvirus 1  
B. Porcine Herpesvirus 1 
C. Equine Herpesvirus 1 
D. Canine Herpesvirus 1
E. Feline Herpesvirus 1 
F. Gallied Herpesvirus 1
G. Gallied Herpesvirus 2 
H. Bovine Herpesvirus 2  
I. Equine Herpesvirus 4

I. Equine Herpesvirus 4

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Which virus causes Hemorrhagic disease in puppies? 
A. Bovine Herpesvirus 1  
B. Porcine Herpesvirus 1 
C. Equine Herpesvirus 1 
D. Canine Herpesvirus 1
E. Feline Herpesvirus 1 
F. Gallied Herpesvirus 1
G. Gallied Herpesvirus 2 
H. Bovine Herpesvirus 2  
I. Equine Herpesvirus 4

D. Canine Herpesvirus 1

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Which virus causes Marek's disease of chickens (serotype 1)? 
A. Bovine Herpesvirus 1  
B. Porcine Herpesvirus 1 
C. Equine Herpesvirus 1 
D. Canine Herpesvirus 1
E. Feline Herpesvirus 1 
F. Gallied Herpesvirus 1
G. Gallied Herpesvirus 2 
H. Bovine Herpesvirus 2  
I. Equine Herpesvirus 4

G. Gallied Herpesvirus 2

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Which of the following correctly matches the subtypes for bovine herpesvirus -1 ?
A. BHV 1.1 is genital subtype 
B. BHV 1.2 is genital subtype 
C. BHV 1.1 is respiratory subtype 
D. BHV 1.2 is respiratory subtype 
E. both A and D
F. both B and C

F. both B and C

–BHV 1.1 is respiratory subtype and BHV 1.2 is genital subtype

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How is respiratory disease and conjunctivitis in bovine herpesvirus 1 transmitted? 
A. Droplet transmission
B. Vector transmission 
C. Artificial insemination
D. Coitus

A. Droplet transmission

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Genital disease may result form which transmission in bovine herpesvirus 1?
A. Droplet transmission
B. Vector transmission
C. Artificial insemination with infected semen
D. Coitus with infected semen
E. Both C and D

E. Both C and D

–. Artificial insemination with infected semen; Coitus (i.e. sexual intercourse) with infected semen

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Which of the following in incorrect about the pathogenesis of bovine herpesvirus 1? A. Typical herpesvirus inclusion may be present in nuclei at the periphery of necrotic foci B. Intense inflammatory response within the narcotic mucosa, frequently with formation of an overlying accumulation of fibrin and cellular debris (pseudomembrane). C. In both the genital and the respiratory forms of he disease, the lesions are focal areas of epithelial cell necrosis in which there is ballooning of epithelial cells D. Virus can be reactivated from latency by corticosteroids or stress E. All seronegative animals are considered as potential carriers F. Life-long infection with periodic virus shedding occurs after BHV-1 infection. G. All of the above are correct about BHV1 pathogenesis

E. All seronegative animals are considered as potential carriers ---All seroPOSITIVE animals are considered as potential carriers!

``` Where is the site of latency for RESPIRATORY disease associated with Bovine Herpesvirus 1? A. Trigeminal nerve B. Facial nerve C. Sciatic Nerve D. Pelvic nerve ```

A. Trigeminal nerve | --KNOW THIS WELL! HE STATED THIS WAS VERY IMPORTANT!

``` Where is the site of latency for GENITAL disease associated with Bovine Herpesvirus 1? A. Trigeminal nerve B. Facial nerve C. Sciatic Nerve D. Pelvic nerve ```

C. Sciatic Nerve | ----KNOW THIS WELL! HE STATED THIS WAS VERY IMPORTANT!

``` What are some of the common names associated with the respiratory form of BHV1? A. Red nose B. Necrotic rhinitis C. Dust pneumonia D. B and C E. All of the above ```

E. All of the above - -Red nose, Necrotic rhinitis, and Dust pneumonia - --Inflamed nares give the appearance of having a "red nose", due to hyperemia.

All of the following are clinical signs of respiratory form of BHV1, except: A. Fibrinonecrotic Rhinitis, Laryngitis and Tracheitis B. Inflamed nares give the appearance of having a "red nose", due to hyperemia C. grayish necrotic foci on the mucous membrane of the septal mucosa D. Nasal discharge becomes more profuse and mucopurulent E. Uncomplicated cases recover in 10-14 days F. Complications may result form secondary bacterial infection, such as Mannheimia hemolytic and Pasteurella multocida (Shipping fever) G. Death is usually the result of secondary bronchopneumonia H. All of the above are clinical signs of respiratory form of BHV1

H. All of the above are clinical signs of respiratory form of BHV1

``` Conjunctivitis is a common finding in a typical "red nose" and is associated with which form of BHV1? A. Respiratory form B. Ocular form C. Genital form D. Pink eye form ```

B. Ocular form--Infectous - -Do NOT misdiagnose as Pink- eye! Remember, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis lesions are confined to the conjunctiva and no lesions on cornea except diffuse edema!! - -Pink eye is caused by moraxella bovis - Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivits!

Which of the following is incorrect in regards to abortion associated with BHV1? A. Occurs as a common sequel to natural infection B. Fetuses in the second half of gestation have a higher incidence of abortion, but early embryonic death is also possible C. Animals in contact with IBR (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis)- susceptible pregnant animals D. Is often preceded by pustular vulvovaginitis E. Result of some modified- live virus (MLV) vaccines being given to pregnant animals. F. All of the above are correct in regards to abortion associated with BHV1

F. All of the above are correct in regards to abortion associated with BHV1

T/F: newborn calves with systemic disease due to BHV1, are infected in-utero or right after birth. It can be severe in calves less than 10 days of age, but is not often fatal.

FALSE!!! --newborn calves with systemic disease due to BHV1, are infected in-utero or right after birth. It can be severe in calves less than 10 days of age, and IS OFTEN FATAL.

Which of the following is associated with genital disease due to BHV1? A. IPV (Infectious Pustular Vaginitis) B. Infectious bovine Keratoconjunctivitis C. Balanopsthitis D. Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis E. both A and C F. both A and D

E. both A and C - - IPV (Infectious Pustular Vaginitis) and Balanopsthitis - -recall that IBR has to deal with the ocular form of BHV1 and IBK is pink eye and not to be confused with IBR!!! IBK is in Moraxella bovis NOT BHV1!!

Which of the following is not a clinical sign associated with Infectious pustular vaginitis (IPV) in cows infected with BHV1? A. Occurs after coitus B. Inflammation and pustules in the mucosa of the penis and prepuce C. Tail is usually held in an elevated position and excessive tail switching is noted D. frequent urination E. Vagina mucosa is red and swollen F. Mild vaginal discharge G. Vulva swollen, red spots and discrete pustules may be noted H. All of the above are clinical signs associated with IPV

B. Inflammation and pustules in the mucosa of the penis and prepuce --VAGINITIS!! not dealing with the penis!

Which of the following is a clinical sign associated with Balanoposthitis in cows infected with BHV1? A. Occurs after coitus B. Inflammation and pustules in the mucosa of the penis and prepuce C. Tail is usually held in an elevated position and excessive tail switching is noted D. frequent urination E. Vagina mucosa is red and swollen F. Mild vaginal discharge G. Vulva swollen, red spots and discrete pustules may be noted H. All of the above are clinical signs associated with IPV

B. Inflammation and pustules in the mucosa of the penis and prepuce

Which of the following is not an appropriate control method for BHV1? A. intranasal vaccine in a pregnant cow B. Parenteral vaccine in pregnant cows C. Modified live vaccines, subunit vaccines and inactivated vaccines D. Parenteral and intranasal vaccines which stimulate the production of humoral antibodies. E. all of the above are appropriate control methods for BHV1

B. Parenteral vaccine in pregnant cows | ---Parenteral vaccines may cause abortion in pregnant cows!! But intranasal vaccines are safe for use in pregnant cows!

What are the hosts associated with Bovine Ulcerative Mammillitis, which is associated with Bovine herpesvirus 2? A. Horses B. Cattle, heifers, usually within 2 weeks after calving. C. Swine D. Both A and B

B. Cattle, heifers, usually within 2 weeks after calving.

T/F: Large herds infected with bovine ulcerative mammillitis due to BHV2, may have persistent diseases.

True!

Which of the following accurately describes how bovine ulcerative mammillitis, associated with BHV2, is transmitted? A. Mechanical transmission by stable flies and other arthropods B. Respiratory disease and conjunctivitis result from droplet transmission C. Genital disease may result form coitus or artificial insemination with infective semen D. Direct contact and famine- mediated, through trauma to skin E. Both A and D F. Both B and C

E. Both A and D - -Mechanical transmission by stable flies and other arthropods. And: Direct contact and famine- mediated, through trauma to skin. - -both B and C are how BHV1 is transmitted: Respiratory disease and conjunctivitis result from droplet transmission. And: Genital disease may result form coitus or artificial insemination with infective semen.

What is/are the clinical sign(s) associate with bovine ulcerative mammillitis (associated with BHV2)? A. teat is swollen and painful B. teat exudes serum C. Formation of raw ulcers on teat D. Skin of teat is bluish in color E. high incidence of mastitis F. All of the above are clinical signs associated with Bovine Ulcerative mammillitis in BHV2

F. All of the above are clinical signs associated with Bovine Ulcerative mammillitis in BHV2 --in severe cases, teat is swollen and painful, exudes serum, formation of raw ulcers, skin of teat is bluish in color, and there is a high incidence of mastitis.

``` Where does Pseudo- Lumpy skin disease (associated with Bovine herpesvirus 2) most commonly occur? A. Southern Asia B. Southern Africa C. Northern Africa D. Northern Asia ```

B. Southern Africa

``` What animal does pseudo- lumpy skin disease infect? A. Equine B. Bovine C. Feline D. Canine ```

B. Bovine

How is pseudo- lumpy skin disease transmitted? A. Mechanical transmission of the virus occurs by arthropods B. Respiratory disease and conjunctivitis result from droplet transmission C. Genital disease may result form coitus or artificial insemination with infective semen D. Direct contact and famine- mediated, through trauma to skin E. Both A and D F. Both B and C

A. Mechanical transmission of the virus occurs by arthropods - -B and C are associated with BHV1 - -D is associated with bovine ulcerative mammillitis (in BHV2) not pseudo- lumpy skin disease (in BHV2).

Which of he following is not a clinical sign of pseudo- lumpy skin disease (associated with BHV2)? A. Mild fever, followed by the sudden appearance of skin nodules B. nodules on face, neck, back and perineum of the cattle C. High incidence of mastitis D. In severe cases, teat is swollen and painful, skin is bluish, exudes seem, formation of raw ulcers E. both A and B F. both C and D

E. both A and B - -Mild fever, followed by the sudden appearance of skin nodules. A few, or many nodules on: face, neck, back and perineum of the cattle. - -Both C and D are clinical signs associated with bovine ulcerative mammillitis also within BHV2

``` What is the primary host of pseudorabies (Aujeszky disease, Mad itch)? A. Equine B. Bovine C. Swine D. Feline E. Canine ```

C. Swine | -- pseudorabies is associated with Porcine/ Suid herpesvirus 1

T/F: Humans are refractory to infection of Mad itch.

True!! -- Humans are refractory (resistant) to infection of mad itch, which is also known as pseudorabies, a porcine herpesvirus 1!

``` Which of the following is not true in regards to secondary hosts for pseudorabies (Porcine/ Suid herpesvirus 1)? A. ruminants B. dogs and cats C. goats, sheep and horses D. humans E. many feral species F. they get intense pruritus G. Hyperacid, Rapid progress, and High mortality ```

D. humans | --humans are refractory (resistant) and are not a secondary host!

T/F: Pigs that have recovered from Pseudorabies (Porcine herpesvirus 1) act as primary reservoirs, and are latent carriers of the virus for the rest of their life.

True!

``` Which animal can act as a reservoir for pseudorabies (Suid herpesvirus 1) and transmit disease form Farm- to - Farm? A. Cats B. Rats C. Dogs D. Raccoons ```

B. Rats

Which of the following is not a route of transmission for a primary host of pseudorabies (Suid herpesvirus 1)? A. Transmission can occur by licking, biting, aerosol, ingestion of contaminated carcass, water and feed. B. Virus shed in saliva, nasal discharges and milk of infected pigs. C. Virus is shed in urine and feces D. All of the above are routes of transmission pseudorabies.

C. Virus is shed in urine and feces | --The virus is NOT she in the urine or feces!

T/F: Transmission of pseudorabies in a dog and cat (secondary hosts of the virus) is via ingestion of infected pig carcass/ meat, or rodents.

True! --remember that rodents can be a reservoir along with pigs which have recovered from the virus- they are the primary reservoirs

T/F: Transmission in cattle (secondary host) of pseudorabies virus is via direct contact with infected pigs, oral and nasal routes.

True!

Where is the primary site of viral replication for pseudorabies in pigs? A. GI tract B. upper respiratory tract C. regional lymph noes D. All of the above are primary sites of viral replication

B. upper respiratory tract

Which of the following is incorrect about the pathogenesis of the spreading of pseudorabies virus in pigs? A. Virus replicates in tonsils and nasopharynx following infection B. A brief viremia is associated with virulent strains, with localization of virus in different organs C. The virus spread via the lymphatics to regional lymph nodes, where replication continues D. the virus can sprat to the CNS via axons of cranial nerves E. Virus will continue to spread within the CNS F. The virus spread in the CNS has a preference for neurons of the cortex and medulla G. All of the above are correct

F. The virus spread in the CNS has a preference for neurons of the cortex and medulla ---The virus spread in the CNS has a preference for the neurons of the PONS AND MEDULLA!!

``` Which of the following is/ are CNS lesion(s) associated with pseudorabies (Suid herpesvirus 1) virus in pigs? A. Nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis B. Perivascular cuffing C. Suppurative meningoencephalitis D. Ganglioneuritis E. A, B and D F. A, C and D ```

E. A, B and D | Nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis; Perivascular cuffing; Ganglioneuritis

``` Which dominant clinical feature in secondary hosts with pseudorabies, is rare in pigs (the primary host)? A. signs of CNS disease B. reabsorption of embryo C. Intense pruritus (itching) D. increased respiratory signs ```

C. Intense pruritus (itching) | --All the others signs listed are seen in pigs.

``` What is the mortality rate of pseudorabies (Suid herpesvirus 1) in Nonimmune piglets; Nonimmune pregnant sows; and older piglets, growers and adult pigs? A. 100%; < 2%; 50% B. 50%; 100%; < 2% C. 100%; 50%; < 2% D. < 2%; 50%; 100% ```

C. 100%; 50%; < 2% --Nonimmue piglets: 100% mortality; Nonimmune pregnant sows: 50% mortality; Older piglets, grower, and adult pigs: -mild disease and <2% mortality

Which of the following is not a clinical sign of pseudorabies of a piglet born to a nonimmune sow? A. Incoordination of hindlimb B. Fitting C. Tremors D. Paddling E. All of the above are clinical signs associated with a piglet born to a nonimmune sow

E. All of the above are clinical signs associated with a piglet born to a nonimmune sow --Signs of CNS disease: incoordination of hindlimb, fitting, tremors, and paddling.

``` Which of the following animals are most susceptible to pseudorabies? A. adult pigs B. piglets born to non immune sows C. Nonimmune pregnant sows D. Weaned pigs ```

B. piglets born to non immune sows

Which of the following is/ are clinical sign(s) associated with weaned pigs and growing pigs with pseudorabies (Suid herpesvirus 1)? A. Central nervous signs may be reduced and an increase in respiratory signs B. Fitting C. Tremors D. Paddling E. B, C and D

A. Central nervous signs may be reduced and an increase in respiratory signs --B, C and D are associated with piglets born to nonimmue sows

Which of the following is/ are clinical sign(s) associated with nonimmune pregnant sows with pseudorabies (Suid herpesvirus 1)? A. Infection before 30th day of gestation result in death and resorption of embryo B. Infection in late pregnancy may result in mummified, macerated, stillborn, weak or normal swine. C. Up to 20% of sows aborting are infertile on next breeding, but eventually conceive D. All of the above

D. All of the above

T/F: Necropsy finds for pseudorabies in pigs consists of gross lesions that are often absent or minimal. Serous to fibrous rhinitis is common and necrotic tonsillitis.

True! | ---remember after infection the virus replicates in the tonsils!

``` What is the name for pseudorabies in cattle? A. bovine Ulcerative Mammillitis B. Pseudo- Lumpy Skin Disease C. Infectious pustular Vaginitis D. Mad Itch ```

D. Mad Itch - - A and B are both in Bovine herpesvirus 2 - -C is in BHV 1

Which of the following is not a clinical sign of pseudorabies in cattle? A. Intense pruritus B. Frenzied cattle C. Progressive involvement of CNS, stage of paralysis, ataxia D. Death from respiratory failure E. Abortion

E. Abortion

Which of the following is not a clinical sign of pseudorabies in dogs? A. Frenzy associated pruritus. Self- mutilation. B. Paralysis of jaws and pharynx with drooling of saliva C. Plaintive howling D. Unlike rabies, the dogs do not tend to attack E. All of the above are clinical signs of pseudorabies in dogs

E. All of the above are clinical signs of pseudorabies in dogs

T/F: Pseudorabies progresses rapidly in cats so pruritus may not be observed.

True! | --Pruritus is itching!

Which of the following is not true regarding vaccination of pseudorabies? A. Vaccination of swine in enzootic areas reduces losses B. Vaccination does not prevent infection, or establishment of latent infection by wild-type virus, but can alleviate clinical signs in pigs of certain ages C. Recombinant DNA, deletion- mutant, Live- attenuated and inactivated vaccines are available D. All of the above are true

D. All of the above are true

T/F: Equine herpesvirus 1 is endemic in horse populations only in the US

FALSE!! | --Equine herpesvirus 1 is endemic in horse populations AROUND THE WORLD!!

Which of the following is not a transmission method for EHV-1? A. Inhalation of infected aerosols B. Direct or Indirect contact with nasal discharges C. Direct or Indirect contact with aborted fetuses D. Direct or Indirect contact with placenta or placental fluids E. All of the above are correct

E. All of the above are correct

T/F: A latent EHV-1 can reside in tissues of the CNS (neuron cell bodies, specifically the trigeminal ganglia) and lymph system (leukocytes, more specifically lymphocytes) WITHOUT causing any clinical symptoms of disease.

True!

T/F: When a EHV-1 host is immunosuppressed; the virus is then reactivated, causing disease, or shedding of virus once again.

True!

``` What is the principal route of EHV-1 infections? A. GI tract B. Respiratory tract C. lymphatic system D. All of the above ```

B. Respiratory tract

Which of the following is not true in regards to pathogenesis of EHV-1? A. following infection of the epithelial cells, EHV-1 infects endothelial cells in the lamina propria B. Virus- infected mononuclear cells and T lymphocytes subsequently appear in drainage lymph nodes and are released into the circulation producing viremia. C. Following infection of respiratory epithelium, latent infections are established in circulating T lymphocytes and trigeminal ganglionic neurons. D. Reactivation relates in shedding of virus from nasal epithelium and probably uterine infection. E. All of the above are true

E. All of the above are true

``` What is/are the condition(s) caused by the central lesions of EHV-1 that leads to ischemia? A. CNS B. Respiratory C. Reproductive D. GI E. A and B F. A, B and C G. B, C and D ```

F. A, B and C - -CNS, Respiratory, and Reproductive - -The central lesion caused by EHV-1 responsible for the three types of condition seen is an infection of endothelial cells, leading to vascular necrosis, thrombus formation and subsequent death to the tissues serviced by these blood vessels (ischemia)

``` Cell associated viremia (associated with EHV-1) confers protection form the body's immune defenses and allows the virus to spread to endothelial cells lining blood vessels in the _______ and ________. A. CNS, Bladder B. Heart, Bladder C. CNS, pregnant uterus D. Heart, pregnant uterus ```

C. CNS, pregnant uterus --Cell associated viremia (associated with EHV-1) confers protection form the body's immune defenses and allows the virus to spread to endothelial cells lining blood vessels in the CNS and pregnant uterus, resulting in CNS signs or abortion respectively

T/F: EHV-1 can cause CNS signs, Abortion and immunosuppression.

True!

T/F: Respiratory Disease due to Equine Herpesvirus-1 mostly effects young horses and causes rhinopneumonitis.

True!

T/F: Encephalomyelophaty is associated with Equine herpesvirus-1 and only effects young horses.

FALSE!!! - -Encephalomyelophaty is associated with Equine herpesvirus-1 and MAY EFFECT HORSES OF ANY AGE OR BREED!! - -It is also knows as Equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM)

Which of the following is not true in regards to the reproductive form of EHV-1? A. The majority of abortions occur in the last rimester (between 8-10 months) of gestation, but abortions may also occur early in gestation. B. Reproductive efficiency is not compromised C. Cases of abortion are usually sporadic D. If large numbers of susceptible mares are exposed to the aborted conceptus, extensive outbreaks of abortion (abortion storms) occur E. Natural immunity to the EHV-1 may last 2 to 3 years, thus explaining why "abortion storms" tend to display 3 year cycles F. All of the above is true

F. All of the above is true

T/F: Equine herpes virus 4 causes Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis and is antigenically related to EHV-1.

True!

Which of the following is not correct about the transmission of EHV-4? A. Most infections with EHV-4 are sporadic B. Direct or Indirect contact with aborted fetuses C. It can cause lifelong latent infection, which can be reactivated D. Droplet infection from infected horses and older horses in which inapparent viral shedding occurs E. It is obsessed mostly in horses under the age of two F. All of the above are correct

B. Direct or Indirect contact with aborted fetuses | -- This is a transmission method of EHV-1

T/F: EHV-1 cause less severe tissue destruction than EHV-4.

FALSE!! --reverse it! : EHV-4 cause LESS SEVERE tissue destruction than EHV-1. KNOW THIS IT WAS NOTED THAT IT WAS VERY IMPORTANT!

T/F: EHV-4 rarely causes abortion when it infects pregnant mares.

True | --KNOW THIS IT WAS NOTED THAT IT WAS VERY IMPORTANT!

T/F: EHV-4 rarely results in viremia.

True! | --KNOW THIS IT WAS NOTED THAT IT WAS VERY IMPORTANT!

T/F: Death is common in EHV-4.

FALSE!!! - -Death is RARE in EHV-4. - ---KNOW THIS IT WAS NOTED THAT IT WAS VERY IMPORTANT!

``` Infection of EHV-4 results primarily in what type of disease? A. rhinopharyngitis B. tracheobronchitis C. upper respiratory tract D. All of the above ```

D. All of the above | --Infection of EHV-4 results primarily in upper respiratory tract disease (rhinopharyngitis and tracheobronchitis).

T/F: The ideal vaccine for both EHV-1 and EHV-4 should prevent early infection suckling foals as well as latency of infection in pregnant mares.

True!

T/F: Live attenuated and inactivated vaccines for EHV-1 are not yet commercially available.

FALSE!!! --Live attenuated and inactivated commercial EHV-1 vaccines are available, including combined products that include both EHV-1 and EHV-4.

T/F: The immunity from the EHV-1 and EHV-4 vaccination is long lived.

FALSE!!! | --The immunity is SHORT- LIVED!

Hemorrhagic disease in puppies due to canine herpesvirus 1 is also known as what?

Fading puppy syndrome

T/F: Canine herpes virus 1 is in dog and wild canidae and is highly fatal, generalized hemorrhagic disease of puppies.

True!

Which of the following is not a route of transmission for Canine herpes virus 1 in neonates? A. In- Utero transmission B. Contact with infected oral, nasal or vaginal section of dam C. From passage through birth canal D. Via an arthropod vector E. All of the above are true

D. Via an arthropod vector | -- two more transmission methods are contact with secretion of littermates. And contact with infected fomites (rare).

How can older dogs become infected with Canine herpes virus 1? A. Venereal transmission B. mosquito vector C. Contact with saliva, nasal discharge, or urine of infected dogs or puppies. D. Both A and C

D. Both A and C | --Venereal transmission; Contact with saliva, nasal discharge, or urine of infected dogs or puppies.

``` Which of the following is the pathogenesis for CHV-1 within in-utero infections? A. Abortion B. Stillbirth C. Infertility D. A and C E. All of the above ```

E. All of the above - - abortion, stillbirth and infertility! - -If the puppy survives, most pups develop systemic CHV-1 infections within 9 days from birth

Which of the following is not true in regards to systemic neonatal infection with Canine herpesvirus 1? A. Pups less than 1 week are most susceptible to fatal generalized infections B. Mucosal invasion is followed by leukocyte (macrophage)- associated viremia C. Virus replication in endothelial cells D. Diffuse necrotizing vasculitis, multiple hemorrhagic necrosis in several organs E. Thrombocyopenia, DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation) F. all of the above are true

F. all of the above are true

T/F: In systemic neonatal infection in CHV-1: initial replication occurs in nasal epithelium, tonsils and pharynx.

True!

CNS infection of Hemorrhagic disease of puppies has what pathogenesis? A. meningoencephalitis- commonly occurs in ora-nasally infected neonatal puppies B. Virus may travel up the nerve axons to CNS C. Puppies display neurological signs D. both A and B E. All of the above

D. both A and B - -meningoencephalitis- commonly occurs in ora-nasally infected neonatal puppies. And Virus may travel up the nerve axons to CNS. - -Puppies die from systemic illness before neurologic signs are evident

``` What are the Main factors governing systemic neonatal infection? A. body temperature of puppies B. Humoral Immunity from the puppy C. Maternal Immunity D. Both A and B E. Both A and C ```

E. Both A and C - -Body temperature of puppies is critical: - > CHV-1 replicates optimally at 33 degrees C- that is, the temperature of the outer genital and upper respiratory tracts - > the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center of the pup are not fully operative until 2-3 weeks of age - > The pup is crucially dependent on ambient temperature and maternal contact for the maintenance of its normal body temperature. - -Maternal immunity: - > Maternal antibodies provide protection

T/F: The more severe the hypothermia, the less severe and slower the course of the hemorrhagic disease of puppies.

FALSE!!! | -- The more severe the hypothermia, the MORE SEVERE and RAPID is the course of the hemorrhagic disease of puppies.

T/F: Pups born form seronegative bitches are highly vulnerable to severe form of disease.

True!

Which of the following is not a clinical sign of hemorrhagic disease of puppies? A. Painful crying B. abdominal pain C. anorexia D. Dyspnea E. Passing soft, odorless, greenish stool F. Elevation in body temperature

F. Elevation in body temperature | --There is NO elevation in body temperature

T/F: CHV-1 Animals that survive systemic disease develop persistent neurological signs such as ataxia and blindness.

True!

Which of the following is true for infection with CHV-1 in Bitches? A. Generally, asymptotic or limited to vaginal hyperemia B. Vesicular vaginitis with discharges and vesicular lesions C. In- utero infection may result in abortion, stillbirth, mummified fetus, and/ or infertility D. Balanoposthitis E. A- C are true F. All of the above are true

E. A- C are true

Which of the following is true for infection with CHV-1 in Male dogs? A. Generally, asymptotic or limited to vaginal hyperemia B. Vesicular vaginitis with discharges and vesicular lesions C. In- utero infection may result in abortion, stillbirth, mummified fetus, and/ or infertility D. Balanoposthitis E. A- C are true F. All of the above are true

D. Balanoposthitis

``` Which of the following viruses cause Balanoposthitis? A. Bovine herpesvirus 1 B. Equine herpesvirus 1 C. Canine herpesvirus 1 D. Feline herpesvirus 1 E. Both A and C F. Both B and C ```

E. Both A and C | --Bovine herpesvirus 1 and Canine herpesvirus 1

T/F: Canine herpesvirus 1 can cause adult genital infection, adult respiratory infection and ocular infection.

True! - -In older dogs it causes a mild respiratory infection (rhinitis and pharyngitis) - - Ocular infection: conjunctivitis

How can you control Canine herpesvirus 1? A. Vaccination B. Reduce hypothermia by providing heated whelping boxes C. Place puppies under infrared lamp D. both B and C E. All of the above

D. both B and C --There is low prevalence of severe illness in pups (<20%) and paucity of clinical signs in adult animals has resulted in lack of availability of vaccines.

``` Which of the following are the most common causes of infectious respiratory disease of cats? A. Cowpox in cats B. Feline herpes virus 1 C. Feline calicivirus D. Both A and B E. both B and C ```

E. both B and C | --Feline herpes virus 1; Feline calicivirus

Which of the following is incorrect about the transmission of Feline Herpes virus 1 (feline rhinotracheitis) A. Shed is primarily in ocular, nasal, and oral secretions B. Spread is largely by direct contact with an infected cat C. Aerosol rout is important D. Virtually all received cats are latently infected carriers and reactivation may cause viral shedding.

C. Aerosol route is important | --Aerosol route is NOT considered important!

``` Where does virus replication for FHV-1 predominantly take place? A. Mucosae of nasal septum B. Turbinates C. Nasopharynx D. Tonsils E. All of the above ```

E. All of the above

T/F: FHV-1 replication is restricted to areas of high temperature and upper respiratory tract.

FALSE!! | --FHV-1 replication is restricted to areas of LOW temperature and upper respiratory tract.

T/F: Infection with FHV-1 leads to multifocal epithelial necrosis, inflammation and fibrinous exudation.

True!

Which of the following is not a clinical sign of FHV-1 in kittens up to 4 weeks of age? A. Upper respiratory disease B. Extensive rhinotracheitis C. Fatal bronopneumonia (due to secondary bacterial infection) D. Conjunctivitis; Hyperemia and sous ocular discharge and ulcerative keratitis E. All of the above are clinical signs

E. All of the above are clinical signs

T/F: Cats older than 6 months with FHV-1 show mild or subclinical disease.

True!

T/F: In pregnant queen's with FHV-1 abortion occurs around 6 weeks of pregnancy, but there has been no evidence that the virus crosses the placenta.

True!! | -- abortion may be caused by severe systemic effect of illness, and not direct effect of virus.

T/F: The way to differentiate between Feline Calicivirus infection and FHV-1 infection, feline rhinotracheitis, is that ulcers are commonly on the tongue of a cat infected with FCV, but oral ulcers are rare in cats with FHV-1.

True!

Which of the following vaccination is available for Feline rhinotracheitis caused by FHV1 and FCV? A. Inactivate vaccine parenterally B. Modified live intranasally C. Modified live parenterally D. all of the above are available vaccines

D. all of the above are available vaccines

Match the following: Infectious Laryngotracheitis and Marek's Disease to Gallid herpesvirus 1 and 2.

Laryngotracheitis --> Gallid herpesvirus 1 | Marek's Disease --> Gallid herpesvirus 2

Transmission of Infectious Laryngotracheitis (from Gallid herpesvirus 1 is MOSTLY by: (choose the answer that is most correct) A. droplet ot conjunctiva B. Inhalation C. Ingestion D. Carrier (previously recovered and vaccinated chickens) E. Fomites F. Mechanical transmission through scavengers.

B. Inhalation | --All the others are transmission methods as well but not most common! Ingestion transmission only occurs occasionally.

T/F: Gallid herpesvirus 1 is a highly contagious infection of chickens.

True!

Which of the following is the pathogenesis for Gallid herpesvirus 1? A. Severe laryngotracheitis B. Extensive diphtheritic membrane formation that can block the air passage and lead to death from asphyxia C. Virus persist in the infected bird D. All of the above are part of the pathogenesis

D. All of the above are part of the pathogenesis

Which of the following is/ are the clinical sign(s) of the severe form of Gallid herpesvirus 1? A. Severe respiratory distress with head shaking and coughing B. Raised neck and extended head: "pump handle reparation" C. Cough with expulsion of bloody mucous D. Conjuncitivis E. Ocular discharge F. Swollen infraorbital sinuses G. Decreased egg production H. A- C I. D- G

H. A- C --Severe respiratory distress with head shaking and coughing; Raised neck and extended head: "pump handle reparation"; Cough with expulsion of bloody mucous

Which of the following is/ are the clinical sign(s) associated with strains of low virulence of Gallid herpesvirus 1? A. Severe respiratory distress with head shaking and coughing B. Raised neck and extended head: "pump handle reparation" C. Cough with expulsion of bloody mucous D. Conjuncitivis E. Ocular discharge F. Swollen infraorbital sinuses G. Decreased egg production H. A- C I. D- G

I. D- G | --Conjuncitivis; Ocular discharge; Swollen infraorbital sinuses; Decreased egg production

``` Which ganglion is the target for infection laryngotracheitis? A. Facial B. Accessory C. Trigeminal D. Vagus ```

C. Trigeminal

``` Which form is most common for Gallid Herpesvirus 1? A. Mild enzootic B. Severe enzootic C. Mild epizootic D. Severe epizootic ```

A. Mild enzootic | --Severe epizootic form is uncommon!

T/F: necropsy findings of Gallid Herpesvirus 1 include: hemorrhagic tracheitis, necrotizing hemorrhagic tracheitis, and tracheal plug (diphtheric membrane).

True!

Which of he following is not true about the diagnosis of Gallid Herpesvirus 1? A. Detection of intranuclear inclusions in respiratory tissues B. Virus isolation is in the oral mucosa C. Virus grows well in CAM of embryonate eggs D. all of the above are true

B. Virus isolation is in the oral mucosa | --Virus isolation is in the NASAL mucosa

T/F: If there is an outbreak of GHV 1 then completer depopulation (slaughter) of infected birds, and disinfection of premises is recommended for control purposes.

True!

``` Which of the following are available vaccines for Gallid Herpesvirus 1 (infectious laryngotracheitis)? A. Chick embryo origin (CEO) B. Tissue Culture Origin (TCO) C. Pox- vectored Recombinant vaccine D. both A and B E. All of the above ```

E. All of the above | ----KNOW THIS IT WAS NOTED THAT IT WAS VERY IMPORTANT!

Which GHV- 1 vaccine has the capability of reverting to virulence and causing full- blown ILT signs and induces better immunity? A. Chick embryo origin (CEO) B. Tissue Culture Origin (TCO) C. Pox- vectored Recombinant vaccine

A. Chick embryo origin (CEO) | ------KNOW THIS IT WAS NOTED THAT IT WAS VERY IMPORTANT!

Which GHV- 1 vaccine is only given by eye drop and does not get spread significantly or revert to virulence and give a limited level of induced immunity. A. Chick embryo origin (CEO) B. Tissue Culture Origin (TCO) C. Pox- vectored Recombinant vaccine

B. Tissue Culture Origin (TCO) - --Note all of these vaccines are applied via eye drop, or through mass vaccination by water or spray. - -----KNOW THIS IT WAS NOTED THAT IT WAS VERY IMPORTANT!

T/F: The host of gallid herpesvirus-2 (Marek's Disease) is most importantly chickens, but also turkey's, quails, and pheasants are susceptible.

True!

Which of he follow is true in regards to Gallid Herpesvirus 2 (Marek's Disease) transmission? A. Inhalation of infectious feather debris, chicken dander, or dust B. Cell free viruses release from the feather follicles which are highly infectious, but labile C. Viruses in desquamated cells are less infectious, but can survive in poultry house dust or litter for several months. D. Highly contagious E. All of the above are true.

E. All of the above are true.

``` Which of the following is not a pathotype(s) of Gallid Herpes Virus 2? A. Mild Marek's disease B. Virulent Marek's disease C. Very Virulent Marek's disease D. Severe Marek's disease E. Very virulent plus Marek's disease ```

D. Severe Marek's disease - -. Mild Marek's disease: associated with neural MD, and preventable with HVT vaccine. - -Virulent Marek's disease: Associated with High incidence of neural and visceral lymphomas and preventable with HVT vaccine. - -Very Virulent Marek's disease: Associated with high incidence of neural and visceral lymphomas. Viruses are oncogenic in HVT vaccinated chickens. Disease is preventable with bivalent vaccines. - -Very virulent plus Marek's disease: Associated with bivalent vaccines. : Associated with high incidence of neural and visceral lymphomas. Viruses are oncogenic in chickens vaccinated with bivalent vaccines.

Which of the following pathogenesis for GHV-2 causes: production of enveloped virions and cell death (lysis); Occurs only in feather follicle epithelium; Infected T cells appear to be the Trojan Horse by which MDV enters the feather - follicle epithelium? A. Non- productive infection B. Fully productive infection C. Non- productive neoplastic transformation D. Productive- restrictive infection

B. Fully productive infection | --------KNOW THIS IT WAS NOTED THAT IT WAS VERY IMPORTANT!

Which of the following pathogenesis for GHV-2 causes: Production of naked virions (not infectious) and viral antigens; cell death due to lysis; Occurs in B- cells and activated T cells (primarily CD4+ cells); and profound immunosuppression? A. Non- productive infection B. Fully productive infection C. Non- productive neoplastic transformation D. Productive- restrictive infection

D. Productive- restrictive infection | --------KNOW THIS IT WAS NOTED THAT IT WAS VERY IMPORTANT!

Which of the following pathogenesis for GHV-2 causes: viral genome persist in T cells (primarily CD4+) and no antigens are expressed? A. Non- productive infection B. Fully productive infection C. Non- productive neoplastic transformation D. Productive- restrictive infection

A. Non- productive infection | --------KNOW THIS IT WAS NOTED THAT IT WAS VERY IMPORTANT!

Which of the following pathogenesis for GHV-2 causes: some latently infected T cells undergo neoplastic transformation; Anew antigen, Marek's disease Associated Tumor Specific Antigen), appears in transformed T- cells? A. Non- productive infection B. Fully productive infection C. Non- productive neoplastic transformation D. Productive- restrictive infection

C. Non- productive neoplastic transformation | --------KNOW THIS IT WAS NOTED THAT IT WAS VERY IMPORTANT!

T/F: GHV-2 is slowly cytopathic and remain associated with cells. Cell - free infectious viruses are almost impossible to obtain, except in dander form feather follicles.

True!

T/F: Lesions in Marek's disease result form infiltration and in situ proliferation of transformed T lymphocytes.

True!

``` What clinical feature of GHV-2 presents with edematous, grey or yellowish enlarged nerve trunks that lack striations; and cause lameness, droopy wings, paresis of legs, limberneck, torticollis, and incoordination? A. Visceral lymphomatosis B. Ocular lymphomatosis C. Neurolymphomatosis D. Cutaneous lymphomatosis ```

C. Neurolymphomatosis

``` What clinical feature of GHV-2 presents with diffuse or nodular lymphoid tumors in various organs; absence of bursal tumors? A. Visceral lymphomatosis B. Ocular lymphomatosis C. Neurolymphomatosis D. Cutaneous lymphomatosis ```

A. Visceral lymphomatosis

``` What clinical feature of GHV-2 presents with graying of the iris of one or both eye; interference with normal pupillary constrictor and dilation; partial of total blindness? A. Visceral lymphomatosis B. Ocular lymphomatosis C. Neurolymphomatosis D. Cutaneous lymphomatosis ```

B. Ocular lymphomatosis

``` What clinical feature of GHV-2 presents with plucking of feathers revealing nodal lesions on skin; Enlarged feather follicles. A. Visceral lymphomatosis B. Ocular lymphomatosis C. Neurolymphomatosis D. Cutaneous lymphomatosis ```

D. Cutaneous lymphomatosis

What is the most widely used vaccine consist of for Marek's disease?

turkey herpesvirus (HVT)

T/F: bivalent vaccines consisting of HVT and either SB-1 or 301B/1 strains of Gallid herpesvirus 3 (Serotype 2, avirulent strain) for Marek's disease.

True!

T/F: CVI988/Rispens si the most protective commercial vaccine available against Marek's disease, a reportable disease!

True!

What subfamily is Porcine herpesvirus 2 under? A. Alphaherpesvirinae B. Gammaherpesvirinae C. Betaherpesvirinae

C. Betaherpesvirinae

Subfamily Betaherpesviriane has which of the following general properties? A. Slow replicating viruses B. Associated with chronic infections C. Cytomegaly: enlarged cells D. Maintained in latent form in secretory glands and lymphoreticular cells E. Often associated with continuous viral excretion F. All of the above

F. All of the above

T/F: porcine herpesvirus 2 is also known as porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) and is associated with inclusion body rhinitis.

True!

PHV-2 causes severe disease in piglets. T/F?

True!

``` How is PHV-2 transmitted? A. Ingestion B. Inhalation C. Transplacental transmission D. Transdermal transmission (through a cut) E. Both B and C F. Both A and D ```

E. Both B and C | --Inhalation and Transplacental transmission

Where is the primary site of viral replication for PHV-2? A. Nasal mucous glands B. Epithelial cells of upper respiratory tract C. Lymphatic sytem D. A and B E. All of the above

D. A and B | --Nasal mucous glands; Epithelial cells of upper respiratory tract

Which of the following is not an example of a PHV-2 pathogenesis? A. Widespread petechiae and edema B. Most common in thoracic cavity and subcutaneous tissues C. still birth, mummification, neonatal death D. In ome neonates, bone marrow damage, and anemia E. Endothelia cell damage and necrosis F. menigioencephalitis

F. menigioencephalitis | -- this is a pathogenesis for PHV-1 within subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae

Which father following is not a clinical sign of PHV-2? A. Failure of piglets to hive that have been associated with infection of naive, pregnant sows. B. Subclinical disease in older animals C. Infected neonatal piglets appear weak, anemic or stunted with possible edema round the throat and tarsal joints. D. In suckling pigs < 3 weeks old, mucoprurulent rhinitis. E. All of the above are accurate clinical signs of PHV-2

E. All of the above are accurate clinical signs of PHV-2

Alcephaline herpesvirus 1 and Ovine herpesvirus -2 are the two most important viruses that cause what, and are in what subfamily? A. Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF), Alphaherpesvirinae B. Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF), Gammaherpesirinae C. Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF), Betaherpesvirinae D. Abortion storm, betaherpesvirinae

B. Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF), Gammaherpesirinae

``` Malignant Catarrhal Fever is a high fatal disease of what host? A. Cattle B. Horses C. wild ruminants D. Both A and C E. All of the above. ```

D. Both A and C | --Cattle and wild ruminants (like deer, bison, antelope)

All of the following are general properties of Gammahepresvirinae except: A. Lymphotropic (replicate in B or T lymphocytes) B. Slowly cytopathic for epithelial and fibrobalsitc cells, causing date without virion production C. Some shed continuously form epithelial surfaces D. Latency occurs in lymphoid tissue E. Some members cause lymphoid tumors. F. All of the above are correct

F. All of the above are correct

``` Alcephaline herpesvirus-1 is knows as: A. Sheep- associated MCF B. Cattle- associated MCF C. Wildebeest- associated MCF D. Ox- associated MCF ```

C. Wildebeest- associated MCF

``` ovine herpesvirus-2 is knows as: A. Sheep- associated MCF B. Cattle- associated MCF C. Wildebeest- associated MCF D. Ox- associated MCF ```

A. Sheep- associated MCF

Which of the following is not true in regards to Alcephaline herpesvirus 1? A. Wildebeest associated MCF occurs in most African countries B. It is transmitted to cattle from wildebeest C. It causes disease in the principal host, the wildebeest D. It is Epizootic and seasonal

C. It causes disease in the principal host, the wildebeest | --It DOES NOT CAUSE DISEASE in the principal host, the wildebeest.

Which of the following is not true in regards to Ovine herpesvirus-2? A. It occurs worldwide B. It is transmitted from sheep (or goats) to cattle C. Occurs year- round in cattle, with moderate increase doing lambing season D. Usually sporadic, occasionally outbreaks E. All of the above are correct

E. All of the above are correct

T/F: the transmission of wildebeest associated MCF (malignant Catarrhal Fever) is Rarely transmitted from adults, it is more commonly associated with young wildebeest contaminating the environment with nasal and ocular secretions.

True!

``` Transmission between sheep associated MCF is via: A. contact with nasal secretions B. Transplacental (rare) C. Respiratory D. Sexually transmitted E. A, B and C F. All of the above. ```

E. A, B and C

T/F: There is inapparent infection in Wildebeest and Sheep for Malignant Catarrhal Fever. The viruses are transmitted form Wildebeest to Sheep and from Sheep to Wildebeest.

FALSE!! - -There is inapparent infection in Wildebeest and Sheep. The viruses are transmitted form Sheep to Sheep and from Wildebeest to Wildebeest. - ---------KNOW THIS IT WAS NOTED THAT IT WAS VERY IMPORTANT!

Which of the following is incorrect in regards to cattle and Malignant Catarrhal Fever? A. Cattle can transmit the virus between each other B. Cattle have cell-associated virus, but not cell-free virus, in secretions C. There is a noncontagious nature of MCF when contact occurs with MCF affected cattle D. All of the above are correct

A. Cattle can transmit the virus between each other | --Cattle are DEAD END HOSTS!! i.e. there is no evidence for transmission of virus from cattle to cattle.

Which of the following is not true about the pathogenesis of Malignant Catarrhal Fever? A. Infection is followed by cell-associated viremia B. Lymphoid proliferation and infiltration C. Vascular lesions account for the development of gross lesions, such as epithelial erosions and keratoconjuncitvitis D. Necrotizing vasculitis E. all of the above is true

E. all of the above is true

``` In which form of Malignant Catarrhal Fever will you see sudden death, high fever, acute gastroenteritis, and with clinical signs of "head and eye" possibly not appearing? A. Head and eye form B. Alimentary / Intestinal form C. Mild form D. Peracute form ```

D. Peracute form

``` In which form of Malignant Catarrhal Fever will you see the majority of cattle cases? A. Head and eye form B. Alimentary / Intestinal form C. Mild form D. Peracute form ```

A. Head and eye form - -In early stages of Head and eye form: Reddened eyelids; bilateral corneal opacity; crusty muzzle and nares; Nasal discharge; Salivation - -In later stages: EROSIONS!!! Erosions on the: tounge, Hard palate and necrosis and erosion of the buccal papillae

``` In which form of Malignant Catarrhal Fever will you see similar signs to head and eye form, but with death occurring from severe diarrhea. (Note: Diarrhea is rarely observed in wildebeest derived MCF, but is more common in sheep associated MCF)? A. Head and eye form B. Alimentary / Intestinal form C. Mild form D. Peracute form ```

B. Alimentary / Intestinal form

``` In which form of Malignant Catarrhal Fever will you see inoculated animals with expected recovery? A. Head and eye form B. Alimentary / Intestinal form C. Mild form D. Peracute form ```

C. Mild form

Which of the following is an important necropsy finding of Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF)? A. chestnut liver B. Zebra striping of the bovine colon C. Disseminated intravascular coagulation D. All of the above are important necropsy findings

B. Zebra striping of the bovine colon | --Severe longitudinal linear congestion of the mucosa

Which of the following ways is an appropriate method of control? A. Separate the cows from calves after calling B. Separation of cattle from wildebeest and sheep C. Vaccination D. All are appropriate methods

B. Separation of cattle from wildebeest and sheep - -There is no cow- cow transmission, so you don't need to separate cows from calves - -There is not vaccine because the incidence it too low to justify one.

Family: Herpesviridae Flashcards

(173 cards)