Family Med Flashcards
(140 cards)
1
Q
tachycardia, no p waves, narrow QRS
A
SVT
2
Q
SVT management
A
vagal
doesn’t work –> adenosine
doesn’t work –> verapamil
prevention: amiodorone
3
Q
tan colored stools
A
pancreatitis
4
Q
diff btwn meningococcal vaccines
A
both are quadrivalent
conjugate is newer, for age 2-55
polysaccharide is for all ages
5
Q
diff btwn pneumococcal vaccines
A
13 = conjugate for immunocompromised pts 23 = polysaccharide = non-immunocomp chronic dz + healthy 65+
6
Q
shots for asplenia
A
pneumococcal: PCV13 (unless already have, then 23)
menigococcal: conj if 2 - 55, polysac for older
Hib
7
Q
first line for absence seizures (and how to choose)
A
ethosuximide (not w/ pancytopenia) valproic acid (not if they may get pregnant)
8
Q
breast: dilated ducts filled with secretions and fibrotic debris
A
duct ectasia
9
Q
when to give newborns vit D
A
few days after birth
all breastfed babies
formula babies drinking
10
Q
when to give vit K to newborns
A
@ birth (IM)
newborns w/ bleeding in fist weeks of life
11
Q
when to give vit B12 to newborns
A
veg moms who breastfeed
12
Q
when to give Fe to babies
A
babies exclusively breastfed past 4 - 6 months
13
Q
pre-diabetes HbA1c
A
5.7% - 6.4%
14
Q
MC complication of nephrotic syndrome
A
venous thrombosis
15
Q
smoking cessation in alcoholics
A
nicotine patches (not buproprion which lowers seizure threshold)
16
Q
bone pain, anemia, hypercalcemia
A
multiple myeloma
17
Q
infant: progressive food intolerance, bilious, non-bloody, non-projectile vomiting
A
malrotation
18
Q
tx for exercise induced bronchoconstriction
A
beta-2 ag 10-15 min before exercise
19
Q
tx for actinic keratosis
A
cryosurgery
20
Q
abx for animal bite
A
amoxicillin-clavulanate (for gram neg + anaerobes)
21
Q
cause of urinary obstruction in male infants
A
posterior urethral valves
22
Q
how to dx post urethral valces
A
voiding cystourethrogram
23
Q
risk w/ TG > 1000
A
pancreatitis
24
Q
morton’s neuroma sx
A
pain btwn toes
Mulder’s sign
25
mulder's sign
palpable, painful click (seen w/ morton's neuroma)
26
positive McMurry sign
medial meniscus tear
27
when does Fe def anemia need blood transfusions?
Hb
28
definition of chronic bronchitis
3+ months of chronic cough/dyspnea in 2 years
29
when do you screen w/ CT for smokers
55 - 80 yo
30 pack year
smoke or quit w/in 15 yrs
30
colorectal cancer screening options
```
colonoscopy (10)
sigmoidoscopy (5)
fecal occult (1)
```
31
Tx: tetanus risk event, unknown vacc status
tetanus toxoid + tetanus Ig
32
MCC benign breast neo in women
fibroadenoma
33
intoeing w/ forward facing patella (no foot deformities) =
internal tibial torsion
34
C shaped lateral foot border w/ prominent 5th met styloid process
metatarsus adductus (pigeon toe)
35
intoeing MCCs
internal tibial torsion
36
tx for moderate to severe asthma exacerbation
oral corticosteroids
37
tx for mild asthma exacerbation that doesn't respond well to inhaled beta-2-ag
oral corticosteroids
38
1st line: GAS pharyngitis
penicillin V (10 days)
(or amoxicillin alone if need)
if can't oral --> penicillin G (1 IM)
39
biggest stroke risk
HTN
40
tx for preg hypothyroid
up levo immediately and repeat TSH in 5 weeks (check every TM)
41
4 Ds of epiglottitis
drooling
distress (resp)
dysphagia
dysphonia
42
thumb sign
epiglottitis
43
tx for alcoholic ketoacidosis
thiamine
| glucose/fluid
44
kid w/ bilat irregular myoclonic jerks of UEs
juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
45
Tx: juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
valproic acid
46
austin-flint murmur
aortic regurge
47
widened PP, visible head pulsations
aortic regurge
48
type 2 DM 1st line Tx
metformin
sulfonylureas (if can't use metformin)
meglitinides (w/ renal disease or increased risk of hypoglycemia)
49
MC cardiac abnormality w/ Friedrich ataxia
hypertrophic obstructive CM
50
temporal arteritis tx
corticosteroids
| IV methylprednisolone if they have visual disturbances, oral prednisone if not
51
esophagus problems w/ DM
autonomic neuropathy
52
whats elevated in pagets?
alk phos
53
thyroid nodule workup
1. TSH levels
2. euthyroid --> U/S FNA bx
3. malignant --> surgery
54
dx diff btwn hemo/pneumothorax
hemo has dullness to percussion (not tracheal dev)
| pneumo has hyperresonance (tracheal dev away)
55
test for PAOD
ankle brachial index (ABI)
56
meds for asystole
epinephrine
| vasopressin
57
asthma w/ brown mucus plugs
suspect allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
58
older pt w/ rapidly growing thyroid mass
anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
59
parasite w/ B12 def
diphyllobothrium latum
60
when is Hb A1C inaccurate?
chronic kidney disease
| high if on dialysis, low if uremic
61
mastitis workup
U/S to direct fine needle aspiration
62
mild vs severe preeclampsia
mild = 140/90 - 300 mg
63
flesh colored/erythematous plaques in circle
granuloma annulare
64
asthma sx that don't respond to tx w/ flattened inspiratory loop
vocal cord dysfunction
65
when do you give kids fluoride?
6 mo
66
FLT: vaginal candidiasis
topical azole (like clotrimazole)
67
MC neonatal rash (+eosinophilia)
erythema toxicum neonatorum (healthy infant)
68
osteomyelitis etiology
kids: hematogenous
adults: soft tissue spread
69
MCC isolated, persistent proteinuria in children
orthostatic proteinuria
70
dx test for orthostatic proteinuria
first morning urine protein-to-creatinine ratio
71
CA risk in PCOS
endometrial cancer
72
thyrotoxicosis and pelvic mass
struma ovarii
73
caustic inhalation exposure -->
reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS)
74
cell responsible in RADS
neutrophils
75
dx test for absence seizures in kids
hyperventilation
76
HIV vaccinations
flu, tetanus, pertussis
| pneumococcal, hep B
77
T scores for osteopenia/porosis
penia: -1.5 --> -2.5
porosis:
78
for fasting lipid levels:
no food for 12 hrs
| no alcohol for 24 hrs
79
bilat breast lumps and pain
fibrocystic breast dz
80
knee pain; tibial tuberocity tenderness
Osgood-Schlatter dz
| tibial tuberocity avulsion (if acute)
81
MCC jaundice w/in 24 hrs of brith
ABO/Rh incompatibility
| use direct Coomb's test
82
test for OA of thumb
thumbs up --> rotate and push down
83
time diff: seborrheic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis
seborrheic: 1st month
atopic: 3 mo +
84
vaccines w/ egg
flu(***), MMR, yellow fever
85
vessel perforated w/ duodenal ulcers
gastroduodenal artery
86
vessel perforated w/ gastric ulcers
L gastric artery
87
diff btwn gastric/duodenal ulcers
gastric: worse w/ eating
dup: better w/ eating
88
tx for primary dysmenorrhea
1. nsaids
| 2. OCPs
89
hematuria post athletics
IgA nephropathy
90
workup for early closure of fontanelles (
monitor head circumference
x ray
then CT
91
levels in anemia of chronic dz
normo - micro cytic (long)
serum Fe = low
TIBC = normal - low
ferretin = high
92
dx test for DM retinopathy
fluorescein angiography
93
Loeys-Dietz syndrome
marfan + atrophic scars, translucent skin
94
gradual scrotal pain that improves w/ elevation, cremasteric reflex in tact
epididymitis
95
MCC direct hyperbilirubinemia in newborns
biliary atresia
96
eclampsia prophylaxis
IV magnesium sulfate
97
tx for febrile seizures
acetaminophen
98
phases of thyroiditis
thyrotoxicosis
euthyroid
hypothyroid
recovery
99
testicular mass disappears while supine
varicocele
100
tx of aphthous ulcers
triamcinolone (topical CS)
| nsaids
101
crescent shaped lucency @ femoral head
avascular necrosis
102
tests for dementia (for reversible causes)
```
TSH/T3/4 (hypothyroid)
BMP (Cr/BUN)
LFTs (cirrhosis)
RPR (neurosyph)
B12
depression
CT (NPH, bleed)
MRI (stroke)
```
103
recurrent itchy vesicular eruptions on fingers/palms/soles
dyshidrotic eczema
104
low-pitched vibratory systolic ejection murmur (loudest @ LL sternal border or supine)
still's murmur
| MC benign childhood murmur
105
young male w/ progressive low back pain and sacroiliitis
ankylosing spondylitis
106
flat pink/salmon blanching skin path btwn eyebrows or nape of neck
nevus simplex (stork bite, angel kiss)
107
port wine stain name
nevus flammeus
108
signet ring sign on chest CT
bronchiectasis
109
corneal abrasion txs
no contacts: polymyxin B/trimethoprim
| contacts: quinolone/aminoglycoside
110
reactive non stress test definition
2 accelerations within 20 min (20 bpm increase for 30 s)
| w/ or w/o fetal mvmt
111
rapidly growing, shiny red, nontender nodule that bleeds easily
pyogenic granuloma
112
FLT premature ejaculation
SSRIs
113
FLT insomnia
CBT
114
other tests w/ insomnia
TSH
UDS
CBC
sleep study
115
bite cells
G6PD def
116
acute sinusitis > 10 days w/o worsening
viral (rhino)
117
biggest RF for periductal mastitis
smoking
118
smoking caused renal cancer
transitional cell
119
limping obese kid w/ hip/groin pain, limited internal rotation
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
120
bronchoalveolar lavage shows lipid-laden macrophages (foamy)
```
lipoid pneumonia (kind of aspiration pneumonia)
MC from misuse of petroleum jelly/mineral oil
```
121
how to reverse warfarin
vit K and FFP
122
test for cholelithiasis
RUQ U/S
123
fever, uterine tenderness, fetal tachy, premature rupture of membranes
chorioamnionitis
124
delayed femoral pulses
coarctation of the aorta
125
post abortion - fever, boggy uterus, foul smelling d/c
septic abortion
126
bilat proximal muscle aches, morning stiffness w/o joint pain, elevated ESR/CRP/IL6, normal CK
polymyalgia rheumatica (a/e temporal arteritis)
127
prolactinoma tx
bromocriptine
128
check for iron def anemia
serum ferritin (wtf)
129
drugs that up fetal HR
beta agonists (terbutaline)
130
hypopigmented patches (Ask-leaf), mental retardation, epilepsy
tuberous sclerosis
131
tumors a/w tuberous sclerosis
glioma, hamartoma, angiofibroma
132
triple therapy for h. pylori
PPI, amoxicillin, clarithromycin
or
bismuth subsalicylate, metronidazole, tetracycline
133
management of bloody diarrhea in kids
stool culture before abx
134
tx for ALS
riluzole (glutamate inhibitor)
135
which bx for skin
raised, non pigmented, non-melanoma = shave
pigmented and > 4 mm = excisional
non-pigmented, flat or pigmented
136
joint pain relief in CHF pts
not NSAIDs (--> Na/H2O retention)
acetaminophen
tramadol
opioids
137
clots in hematuria
extraglomerular bleeding --> do a renal/bladder U/S
138
baby w/ cyanosis during feeding and NG tube can't go past nasal passage
choanal atresia (CHARGE syndrome)
139
first step management of vulvar/vaginal lesion
punch bx
| check for squamous cell carcinoma
140
resp distress, worse w/ beta agonist
V/Q mismatch
