family patterns

Question 1

reasons for the decline in divorce rates

Answer 1

• seccularisation
• law changes
• womens position and freedom
• changing expectations
• increased domestic violence

Question 2

1923 matrimonial causes act

Answer 2

equalised grounds between sexes

enables either partner to petition for divorce on the basis of their spouses adultery

Question 3

1969 divorce law reform act

Answer 3

widened grounds for divorce

‘irretrievable breakdown made sole ground for divorce

Question 4

2020 divorce and dissolution act

Answer 4

widened the grounds

no blame is needed cant contests divorce and only takes 6 months

makes divorce less acrimonious or traumatic for adults and kids involved

Question 5

evaluation of law changes

Answer 5

• only tell us why people are more able to get a divorce not why they get one

Question 6

Mitchell and groody on religion and divorce

Answer 6

an important change since 1960s has been a rapid decline in stigma around divorce

Question 7

how much has church attendance fallen by

Answer 7

12%-5%

Question 8

secularisation and divorce

Answer 8

causes fewer people to have the religious obligation to marry. for children etc.

Question 9

fletchers view (functionalist) on high rates of divorce

Answer 9

higher expectations people place on marriage today are major cause for the increasing divorce rate. higher expectancy make couples less willing to tolerate unhappy marriages

past- marriage was for a females economic stability
now- marriage based on romantic love

Question 10

criticism of fletchers view

Answer 10

feminists would argue this view is too rosy. there is still female oppression in marriages

Question 11

what percent of women are in paid work in 2019

Answer 11

72% 2019

Question 12

giddens choice marriages

Answer 12

giddens argues that marriage has become more focused on choice an equality due to
female independence
and the changing role of sex (more about intimacy than children due to contraception)

giddens calls these ‘pure relationships’ where they only last as longas both partners needs are met

Question 13

(feminist) hochschild’s view on divorce

Answer 13

an increasing number of working women means they have less time and energy for ‘emotion work’ . if a relationship is string her work and home life women are more likely to leave

Question 14

how do the new right view high divorce rates

Answer 14

lone-parent families lead to welfare dependency which could lead to the perverse incentive

Question 15

how do feminists view high divorce rates

Answer 15

women are no longer oppressed by marriage and patriarchal oppression it brings

Question 16

how do interactionalists view high divorce rates

Answer 16

ignores the reasons people have divorces for the better of the family

Question 17

how does the PLP see high divorce rates

Answer 17

can cause financial problems but the family. can adapt and it has been normalised for a modern society

Question 18

what are the alternatives to marriage?

Answer 18

• cohabitation
• same-sex
• LATs
• lone-parent families

Question 19

how many unmarried adults are cohabiting?

Answer 19

1/4

Question 20

why are more people cohabiting instead of marrying

Answer 20

• decline in stigma
• young people more accepting of cohabitation
• secularisation
• marriage no longer needed for financial stability
• womens free place in society

Question 21

what does bejin argue about cohabitation

Answer 21

cohabitations amongst young represent a conscious attempt to create a more personally negotiated and equal relationship

Question 22

why are more people living alone?

Answer 22

• marrying later due to focus on career before marriage

- divorced dads, custody usually goes to mother

Question 23

how many people live alone

Answer 23

around 7.7 million (29% of all households)

Question 24

issues with LATs

Answer 24

• cost of 2 houses
• trust issues
• parenting one-sided

DUNCAN AND PHILIPS

Question 25

reasons for LATs

Answer 25

- PURE RELATIONSHIPS beck and giddens more people persuing their own careers - exisiting prirorities - roseneil found that 31% said it was too early to cohabit - fear of trauma from divorce

Question 26

what did Roseneil et al find out about LATs

Answer 26

surveyed 573 LATs 31% said it was too early to co-habit 31% saw it as a desirable lifestyle to avoid emotional abuse

Question 27

how many families had one parent in 2019

Answer 27

21%

Question 28

why is the 21% of families had a lone parent in 2019 statistic misleading?

Answer 28

could be misleading 21% in 2023 will no longer be lone parents ONLY A SNAPSHOT OF THE SITUATION AT ONE TIME

Question 29

Allan and corn pointed to two factors as to why there are more lone-parent families. what are they?

Answer 29

- increase in martial breakdown and divorce. | - rise in births in unmarried mothers

Question 30

who sociologist said benefits create perverse inscentive?

Answer 30

charles murray a criticism of this is that cutting welfare will only force these families into further poverty creating greater problems

Question 31

chamberlain on the extended family

Answer 31

- study of Caribbean families found that despite geographical distance families continues to support described at 'multiple nuclear families'

Question 32

criticsm of hoschcilds view on dirvoce

Answer 32

cooke no evidence that working women are more likley to divorce. they argue the dual burden has become an accepted nrom for married women

Question 33

why are more people having cicil cercives rather than religious marriages

Answer 33

seccularisation decline in stigma 5% church attednance

Question 34

in 2016 what % of population said sex before marriage was okay?

Answer 34

65% would haver rapidly increased since then

Question 35

how many same sex marriage happen each year

Answer 35

7,000

Question 36

why has there been an increase in same sex marriages

Answer 36

- loss of stigma due to seccularisation | - law changes

Question 37

what two law changes have made sam sex marriage easier?

Answer 37

2002 allowed same sex co-habited to have equal right to adoption 2004 equal right to inheritance 2015 same ex marriag elegalised

Question 38

duncan and philips on LATS

Answer 38

1 in 10 are LAT in a signficant relationship

Question 39

pure relationships leading to LATS

Answer 39

pure relationships are ones that meet the needs of inidivuals so people may LATin order to persure tir own goals and decline the risk of breakdown due to existing responsibilies sucha s children

Question 40

criticism of beck and giddens pure relationships as to why there are more LATS

Answer 40

duncan and philips argue that LAts arent always the perfect outcome there are points of conflict that come with it such as 2 household bills and loss of trust

Question 41

morgan on the reasons for the increase of lone paretn families

Answer 41

- men and women: woemn less likely to feel opressed by men and be single not having to worry about dulal burden and tripple shift - decline in stigma: morgan argues that terms such as illigitmate children have decrease wiht a rise of long parents family probably due to seccularisation

Question 42

what % of lone parent families are headed by women

Answer 42

90%

Question 43

how are black family structure different and why

Answer 43

black families are more likely to be lone parents headed by mothers due to the diorgansiation caused by the high unemployment rates of balck men leading t ofiancl issues causing marital breakdown

Question 44

crticisms of black families being more likley to have 1 parent due to disorgansiation

Answer 44

mirza argues that it is not that black families are more disorganised but the fact that black women place a lot of importance on independence and therfore are mor likely to leave a unhappy marriage

Question 45

asian family patterns

Answer 45

- tend to have larger 3 gerenations housefolds due to the fact that asain women have a lower age profile and the value that sian culture places upon family - ballard argues that the asian extended family emerged for support reasons in the 50s and 60s for new immigrants from asia

Question 46

argument that the extended family has dissapraed

Answer 46

charles found that in hsi study of swansea he identified that the classic three generation households in extint with the execption of bangaldeshi families parsons argues that functial fit is the reason for this

Question 47

argument against the extended family dissapearing

Answer 47

wilmott argues that rather than dissapreating its role has changed relatioves can be geographically seperated by still provide the emtioanl role

Question 48

beanpole family

Answer 48

bell found the importance of a long and thin beanpole family strustc where people are no longer connected to extended family but mroe to grandparents due tp smaller familiy sizes and longer life exepctancy

Question 49

argument against beanpole family

Answer 49

finch asn mason say that people are still hevilt connected to extend family and foudn that 90% of fmiyl have givne or recived financal help from extend family members

Question 50

what % of all children are bron outsdie of marriage

Answer 50

1/2 50%

Question 51

what % of families are reconsituted step familes?

Answer 51

10%