FAMILY PLANNING Flashcards by Secret acc

Definition

Empowers individuals or couples to decide the ______, ______, and ______ of their children.

number, timing, spacing

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Definition

It provides access to ______, ______, and ______.

contraception, reproductive health education, healthcare services

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Definition

Promotes ______ and ______ health by preventing unintended pregnancies and high-risk births.

maternal, child

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Definition

Supports gender equality and sustainable development through ______.

reproductive autonomy

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Definition

Offers ______ options, ______ management, and ______ prevention.

contraceptive, fertility, STI

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Definition

Addresses both ______ and ______ needs for reproductive health.

societal, individual

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Definition

Ensures access to ______ and ______ appropriate healthcare services.

affordable, culturally

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Definition

Contributes to ______ management and ______ stability.

population, economic

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Definition

Improves the quality of life for ______ and ______.

families, communities

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Definition

Reduces ______, ______, and ______.

health risks, maternal mortality, infant mortality rates

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Importance

Family planning enhances ______, ______, and ______ well-being.

individual, family, societal

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Importance

Ensures planned pregnancies, reducing risks of ______ or ______ pregnancies.

unintended, high-risk

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Importance

Promotes proper birth ______, improving maternal recovery and child health.

spacing

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Importance

Prevents unsafe ______ and reduces maternal and infant ______.

abortions, mortality

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Importance

Supports ______ by empowering women to make reproductive choices and pursue education or careers.

gender equality

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Importance

Reduces ______ on families and contributes to ______.

economic strain, poverty alleviation

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Importance

Helps manage ______, easing pressure on ______, ______, and ______.

population growth, resources, infrastructure, public services

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Importance

Fosters ______ development and improves overall ______ of life.

sustainable, quality

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Reproductive Physiology Recall

Menstrual Cycle:

Ovarian Cycle
Endometrial Cycle

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Reproductive Physiology Recall

Menstrual Cycle

Ovarian Cycle:

Follicular Phase
Ovulation
Luteal Phase

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Reproductive Physiology Recall

Menstrual Cycle

Endometrial Cycle:

Proliferative Phase
Secretory Phase
Menstrual Phase

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Reproductive Physiology Recall

Hormonal Regulation

Hypothalamus secretes ______, causing ______ and ______ secretion

GnRH, LH, FSH

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Reproductive Physiology Recall

Hormonal Regulation

Negative feedback of ______ and ______ decreases ______ and ______ secretion

estrogen, progesterone, LH, FSH

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Reproductive Physiology Recall

Hormonal Regulation

Inhibin inhibits ______ and ______ secretion

FSH, LH

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PHYSIOLOGY OF CONTRACEPTION Methods of contraception include ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, male and female ______, ______ methods, ______ and ______ methods. These methods have different mechanisms of action and effectiveness in preventing unintended pregnancy.

oral contraceptive pills, implants, injectables, patches, vaginal rings, intra uterine devices, condoms, sterilization, lactational amenorrhea, withdrawal, fertility awareness-based

______ refers to methods or devices used to prevent pregnancy that involve external interventions or products, rather than relying on natural body processes. These methods are designed to interfere with the body's ______ through ______, ______, or ______ means.

Artificial contraception, reproductive system, physical, chemical, hormonal

BARRIER METHODS:

CONDOMS (MALE AND FEMALE) DIAPHRAGM CERVICAL CAP SPERMICIDES

______ help prevent pregnancy by blocking sperm from entering the uterus.

Barrier methods

BARRIER METHODS ______: A thin latex or polyurethane sheath worn over the penis to prevent sperm from entering the vagina.

Male condom

BARRIER METHODS ______: A pouch worn inside the vagina to prevent sperm from reaching the cervix.

Female condom

BARRIER METHODS CONDOMS (MALE AND FEMALE) - Effectiveness: ______% effective with typical use.

BARRIER METHODS ______ - Advantages: Also protects against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

CONDOMS (MALE AND FEMALE)

BARRIER METHODS ______ - Disadvantages: Can break or slip off, may interrupt spontaneity, and some people may be allergic to latex.

CONDOMS (MALE AND FEMALE)

BARRIER METHODS ______ - A dome-shaped silicone cup inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix, often used with spermicide.

DIAPHRAGM

BARRIER METHODS DIAPHRAGM - Effectiveness: ______% effective with typical use.

BARRIER METHODS ______ - Advantages: Can be inserted hours before intercourse.

DIAPHRAGM

BARRIER METHODS ______ - Disadvantages: Requires fitting by a healthcare provider and must be used with spermicide to be effective.

DIAPHRAGM

BARRIER METHODS ______ - Similar to the diaphragm but smaller, it fits over the cervix to prevent sperm from entering the uterus.

CERVICAL CAP

BARRIER METHODS CERVICAL CAP - Effectiveness: ______–______% effective.

71, 86

BARRIER METHODS ______ - Advantages: Discreet and reusable.

CERVICAL CAP

BARRIER METHODS ______ - Disadvantages: Must be fitted by a doctor and needs spermicide for effectiveness.

CERVICAL CAP

BARRIER METHODS ______ - Chemical agents (foam, gel, cream, film) inserted into the vagina before intercourse to kill or immobilize sperm.

SPERMICIDES

BARRIER METHODS SPERMICIDES - Effectiveness: ______% effective with typical use.

BARRIER METHODS ______ - Advantages: Easy to use and can be purchased without a prescription.

SPERMICIDES

BARRIER METHODS ______ - Disadvantages: Less effective on its own and can cause irritation or allergic reactions.

SPERMICIDES

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION:

BIRTH CONTROL PILLS CONTRACEPTIVE PATCH CONTRACEPTIVE INJECTIONS CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS VAGINAL RING

______: These methods involve hormones that alter the woman's natural menstrual cycle to prevent pregnancy.

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION ______ - Contain synthetic hormones (estrogen and/or progestin) that prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus.

BIRTH CONTROL PILLS

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION BIRTH CONTROL PILLS - Effectiveness: ______% effective with typical use.

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION ______ - Advantages: Regulates periods, can reduce acne and menstrual cramps.

BIRTH CONTROL PILLS

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION ______ - Disadvantages: Must be taken daily at the same time, side effects may include nausea, headaches, and mood changes.

BIRTH CONTROL PILLS

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION ______ - A small, sticky patch worn on the skin that releases hormones (estrogen and progestin) into the bloodstream.

CONTRACEPTIVE PATCH

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION CONTRACEPTIVE PATCH - Effectiveness: ______% effective with typical use.

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION ______ - Advantages: Weekly application, easy to use.

CONTRACEPTIVE PATCH

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION ______ - Disadvantages: Can cause skin irritation and may not be as effective in women who weigh over 198 pounds.

CONTRACEPTIVE PATCH

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION ______ - Progestin-only shots administered by a healthcare provider every three months.

CONTRACEPTIVE INJECTIONS

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION CONTRACEPTIVE INJECTIONS - Effectiveness: ______% effective with typical use.

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION ______ - Advantages: Convenient, reduces the risk of pregnancy for three months.

CONTRACEPTIVE INJECTIONS

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION ______ - Disadvantages: Requires regular visits to the doctor, may cause weight gain or changes in mood.

CONTRACEPTIVE INJECTIONS

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION ______ - Small rods or capsules placed under the skin of the arm that release progestin to prevent ovulation.

CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS - Effectiveness: ______% effective.

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION ______ - Advantages: Long-lasting (3–5 years), low maintenance.

CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION ______ - Disadvantages: Requires a healthcare provider for insertion and removal, can cause irregular bleeding.

CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION ______ - A flexible ring inserted into the vagina that releases estrogen and progestin.

VAGINAL RING

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION VAGINAL RING - Effectiveness: ______% effective with typical use.

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION ______ - Advantages: Monthly use, does not require daily attention.

VAGINAL RING

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION ______ - Disadvantages: Can cause vaginal irritation, must be removed after 3 weeks.

VAGINAL RING

______: These are small contraceptive devices that are inserted into the uterus (womb) to prevent pregnancy. The 2 types available are the ______ and the ______.

INTRAUTERINE DEVICES, copper IUD, hormonal IUD

INTRAUTERINE DEVICES ______ - A T-shaped plastic and copper device inserted into the uterus that prevents sperm from fertilizing an egg.

COPPER IUD

INTRAUTERINE DEVICES COPPER IUD - Effectiveness: ______% effective.

INTRAUTERINE DEVICES ______ - Advantages: Long-term protection (up to 10 years), no hormones involved, can be used as emergency contraception.

COPPER IUD

INTRAUTERINE DEVICES ______ - Disadvantages: May cause heavier periods and cramping, requires a healthcare provider for insertion.

COPPER IUD

INTRAUTERINE DEVICES ______ - A T-shaped device that releases progestin to thicken cervical mucus and prevent ovulation.

HORMONAL IUD

INTRAUTERINE DEVICES HORMONAL IUD - Effectiveness: ______% effective.

INTRAUTERINE DEVICES ______ - Advantages: Lasts 3-7 years, reduces menstrual bleeding.

HORMONAL IUD

INTRAUTERINE DEVICES ______ - Disadvantages: Can cause irregular bleeding or spotting in the first few months, requires a healthcare provider for insertion.

HORMONAL IUD

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION:

MORNING-AFTER PILL

______ is used after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure to prevent pregnancy.

Emergency contraception

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION ______ - Pills (e.g., Plan B, Ella) that prevent ovulation or fertilization after unprotected sex.

MORNING-AFTER PILL

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION MORNING-AFTER PILL - Effectiveness: ______–______% effective depending on timing (most effective within ______ hours, but can work up to ______ days)

75, 89, 72, 5

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION ______ - Advantages: Can be taken after intercourse, no prescription needed for some brands.

MORNING-AFTER PILL

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION ______ - Disadvantages: Less effective the longer the delay after intercourse, may cause nausea or irregular bleeding.

MORNING-AFTER PILL

PERMANENT METHODS:

STERILIZATION (TUBAL LIGATION) VASECTOMY

______: These are irreversible forms of contraception.

PERMANENT METHODS

PERMANENT METHODS ______ - A surgical procedure where a woman's fallopian tubes are blocked, preventing eggs from reaching the uterus.

STERILIZATION (TUBAL LIGATION)

PERMANENT METHODS STERILIZATION (TUBAL LIGATION) - Effectiveness: ______% effective. - Advantages: ______ and highly ______.

99, Permanent, effective

PERMANENT METHODS ______ - Disadvantages: Permanent, requires surgery, and may not be suitable for those who may want children later.

STERILIZATION (TUBAL LIGATION)

PERMANENT METHODS ______ - A surgical procedure where a man's vas deferens (the tubes that carry sperm) are cut or blocked.

VASECTOMY

PERMANENT METHODS VASECTOMY - Effectiveness: ______% effective. - Advantages: ______, highly ______.

99, Permanent, effective

PERMANENT METHODS ______ - Disadvantages: Requires surgery, and may not be immediately effective (needs follow-up sperm analysis).

VASECTOMY

CONCEPTION PROCESS AND FERTILITY:

Fertilization Mechanism Factors Influencing Fertility Fertility Window in Menstrual Cycle

______ refers to the biological processes and strategies through which male and female gametes (sperm and egg) fuse to form a zygote.

Fertilization mechanism

GENERAL STEPS IN FERTILIZATION MECHANISM:

Gamete Production Gamete Transport Recognition of Binding Genes Fusion of Gametes Zygote Formation

Factors Influencing Fertility:

Biological Lifestyle Environmental Medical Behavioral

Factors Influencing Fertility: ______ - age, hormonal balance, reproductive health, and genetic factors

Biological

Factors Influencing Fertility: ______ - diet, body weight, smoking, alcohol, stress, physical activity

Lifestyle

Factors Influencing Fertility: ______ - exposure, heat, infections, etc.

Environmental

Factors Influencing Fertility: ______ - chronic illnesses, medications, past surgeries

Medical

Factors Influencing Fertility: ______ - timing of intercourse, delaying parenthood, compatibility between parners

Behavioral

The ______ is the 5– 6 days in the menstrual cycle when a woman is most likely to conceive. It includes the 5 days leading up to ovulation and the day of ovulation.

fertility window

Tracking the Fertile Window:

Calendar Method Physical Signs Ovulation Predictor Kits (OPKs)

Tracking the Fertile Window: Calendar Method In a regular 28-day cycle, the fertile window is typically day ______ to day ______.

10, 15

Tracking the Fertile Window: Calendar Method For irregular cycles, ovulation prediction is less ______.

precise

Tracking the Fertile Window: Physical Signs Cervical Mucus: Becomes ______, ______, and resembles raw ______ during fertile days.

clear, stretchy, egg whites

Tracking the Fertile Window: Physical Signs Basal Body Temperature (BBT): Slightly ______ (______–______°F) after ovulation.

rises, 0.5, 1

Tracking the Fertile Window: Ovulation Predictor Kits (OPKs) Detects the surge in ______, which occurs ______–______ hours before ovulation.

luteinizing hormone (LH), 24, 36

PHYSIOLOGY OF NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING (NFT) The physiology of the ______ and the periodicity of ______ are the basis for natural family planning.

menstrual cycle, fertility

PHYSIOLOGY OF NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING (NFT) Does not involve ______, ______, and ______ in order to help either achieve or postpone pregnancy.

pills, devices, surgical procedures

PHYSIOLOGY OF NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING (NFT) Methods are based on the observation of the naturally occurring ______ and ______ of the ______ and ______ phases of a woman's ______.

signs, symptoms, fertile, infertile, menstrual cycle

PHYSIOLOGY OF NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING (NFT) At least ______% effective in preventing pregnancy.

Methods of Natural Family Planning:

Rhythm or Calendar Method Standard Days Method Two Day Method Billings Ovulation Method Basal Body Temperature Method Symptothermal Method Lactation Amenorrhea Method Coitus Interruptus

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - Inexpensive and safe way to help chart fertility or the time of month wherein pregnancy is more likely to happen by tracking the menstrual history to predict the ovulation period.

Rhythm or Calendar Method

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - In general, as many as 24 out of 100 women who use natural family planning for birth control become pregnant the first year.

Rhythm or Calendar Method

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - A more modern approach to the Calendar method

Standard Days Method

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - This method works best if the menstrual cycles are usually between 26 and 32 days long

Standard Days Method

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - It determines fertility using the probability of pregnancy relative to ovulation and that ovulation happens near mid-cycle.

Standard Days Method

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - The method is simply to avoid unprotected intercourse during cycle days 8 to 19.

Standard Days Method

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - Cervical mucus sample is observed every day along with its quantity, appearance, and feel as well as noting any other fertility/physical signs

Billings Ovulation Method

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - The cervical mucus can be described as dry, watery, sticky, creamy, watery, or egg-white like depending on where you are in your cycle.

Billings Ovulation Method

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - The early day rules have to do with the days leading up to ovulation. During this time, the characteristic changes of your cervical mucus will correspond to the beginning of the fertile phase. The peak rule applies once the peak day (ovulation) has been identified.

Billings Ovulation Method

Methods of Natural Family Planning Billings Ovulation Method - The peak day is the last day of "______" and occurs extremely close to the time of ovulation. According to the Billings ovulation method, a woman may be fertile for another ______ days after your peak day, and menstruation should occur ______ to ______ days later

lubricative sensation, three, 11, 16

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - This method is based on cervical secretions and is similar to the Standard Days Method.

Two Day Method

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - Presence or absence of secretions alone is considered sufficient for the identification of the fertile period. It is recommended to avoid unprotected intercourse every day that secretions are present, as well as on the first day after.

Two Day Method

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - Relies on a lack of ovulation in the postpartum period when meeting certain criteria.

Lactation Amenorrhea Method

Methods of Natural Family Planning Lactation Amenorrhea Method - Women must be exclusively breastfeeding, and they must be feeding at least every ______ hours in the day and every ______ hours at night.

four, six

Methods of Natural Family Planning Lactation Amenorrhea Method - Only usable for the first ______ months after delivery, and the patient must not have restarted menstruation.

six

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - Based on the change in body temperature that occurs shortly after ovulation, associated with secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum.

Basal Body Temperature Method

Methods of Natural Family Planning Basal Body Temperature Method - After ovulation, the body temperature increases and remains at the higher level until the next ______. The postovulatory (late) infertile phase of a woman's cycle begins on the ______ day after tile temperature shift is observed.

menstruation, third

Methods of Natural Family Planning Basal Body Temperature Method - Women using the basal body temperature method need to record their temperature at ______, at the same ______ each day, so that they can recognize the ______ time of each cycle.

rest, time, infertile

Methods of Natural Family Planning Basal Body Temperature Method - The method can be used only to identify the ______ of the cycle. When a couple is using the method to avoid pregnancy, they must avoid intercourse until the ______ day after the rise in temperature.

post ovulatory infertile phase, third

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - This method is multimodal and combines awareness of cervical secretion changes with basal body temperature monitoring.

Symptothermal Method

Methods of Natural Family Planning Symptothermal Method - The presence of ______, ______, ______ mucus is the main indicator of the start of the fertile period of the menstrual cycle, and the elevation in ______ is considered the end of the fertile period.

transparent, slippery, stretchy, basal body temperature

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - Patients should monitor their secretions several times a day, take their temperature each morning, and also check the way the cervix is positioned and feels.

Symptothermal Method

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - Patients should avoid unprotected intercourse during days wherein secretions are present, all preovulatory days after days with intercourse, and until three days of higher temperatures follow six days of lower temperatures or four days after the last wet secretions (whichever is later).

Symptothermal Method

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - Also called as the Withdrawal or Pulling Out Method

Coitus Interruptus

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - Most unreliable NFP Method

Coitus Interruptus

Methods of Natural Family Planning ______ - A traditional family planning method in which the man withdraws or pulls out his penis from his partner’s vagina and ejaculates outside, keeping his semen away from her genitalia

Coitus Interruptus

Methods of Natural Family Planning Coitus Interruptus - The withdrawal method isn't as ______ at preventing pregnancy as other forms of birth control.

effective

Methods of Natural Family Planning Coitus Interruptus - It's estimated that ______ in ______ couples who use the withdrawal method for one year will get pregnant.

one, five

Benefits of Planned Pregancies:

Health and Wellbeing Economic Stability Educational Opportunities Empowerment of Women Reduction of Infant and Child Mortality Environmental Sustainability

Side Effects and Risk of Contraceptives Combined hormonal Contraception - contains man-made forms of estrogen and progestin (Birth control pills, The vaginal ring, The patch):

Nausea, Headaches, Breast tenderness, Irregular periods, Higher risk of blood clot

Side Effects and Risk of Contraceptives Progestin-Only pills and other progestin devices (Minipills, Progestin arm implant:

Irregular periods,Tender breasts, Acne, Lower sex drive, Depression, Headaches, Nausea, Ovarian cysts

Side Effects and Risk of Contraceptives Intrauterine Device (UID):

Irregular bleeding between periods, Cramps, Acne, Headaches, Tender breasts, Mood changes, Cramps or pelvic pain

Summary Contraceptive methods include ______ options (pills, implants, IUDs), ______ (condoms, diaphragms), ______, and ______, varying in effectiveness and suitability.

hormonal, barrier methods, natural family planning, emergency contraception

Summary Fertility awareness involves tracking ovulation using methods like ______ calculation, ______, and ______ observation to identify the ______.

calendar, basal body temperature, cervical mucus, fertile window

Summary Hormonal regulation, involving ______, ______, ______, ______, and ______, controls ovulation, menstruation, and pregnancy- related processes.

GnRH, LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone

Summary Fertilization requires gamete ______, ______, and ______; success depends on ______, ______, ______, and ______ factors.

production, transport, recognition, biological, lifestyle, environmental, medical

Summary Family planning promotes gender equality by empowering women to pursue ______ and ______ while reducing ______ and enhancing ______ in reproductive health.

education, careers, economic strain, decision-making

FAMILY PLANNING Flashcards

(148 cards)