Family: Schistosomatidae

Question 1

Scientific Name of blood flukes

Answer 1

Schistosomatidae

Question 2

Common name of Schistosomatidae

Answer 2

Blood flukes

Question 3

Schistosomatidae “blood flukes”

Answer 3

• cylindrical
• unisexual
• inhabit the blood vessels
• female is slender and longer, male is much broader
• eggs are non-operculated
• Cercariae are furcocercous
• Cercariae do not encyst

Question 4

facilitate mating process. female is carried by the male during copulation by means of a ventral groove known as?

Answer 4

gynaecophoric canal

Question 5

No redia, has 2 generation of sporocyst

Answer 5

Schistosoma japonicum

Question 6

Final host of Schistosoma

Answer 6

man and domestic animals (ruminants, horse, dog, cat, pig, rabbit and rat)

Question 7

Intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum (phil)

Answer 7

Oncomelania hupensis quadrasii

Question 8

Intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum (japan)

Answer 8

Oncomelania nosophora

Question 9

Intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum (china)

Answer 9

Oncomelania hupensis

Question 10

Intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum (Formosa)

Answer 10

Oncomelania formosanum

Question 11

Concomitant Immunity possible with major escape mechanisms as;

Answer 11

✓ antigenic mimicry
✓ immunosuppression
✓ Isotypic selection

Question 12

flukes acquire a masking coat of host molecules, thus disguising their non-self character

Answer 12

antigenic mimicry

Question 13

release of worm-derived neuropeptides

Answer 13

immunosuppression

Question 14

resistance dependent on balance between protective and blocking effects or specific antibodies

Answer 14

isotypic selection

Question 15

young flukes

Answer 15

schistosomula

Question 16

common name of schistosomula

Answer 16

young flukes

Question 17

Mode of transmission for Schistosomosis

Answer 17

• skin penetration
• ingestion of contaminated water
• prenatal infection

Question 18

Scientific name of Snail fever, Bilharziasis or Katayama Disease

Answer 18

Schistosomosis

Question 19

common name of schistosomosis

Answer 19

snail fever, Bilharziasis, katayama disease

Question 20

Schistosomosis disease has three stages;

Answer 20

1. Developmental period
2. Period of active oviposition
3. Period of proliferation and repair

Question 21

Developmental period

Answer 21

from skin penetration to mature ova-producing adult worms

• DERMATITIS and PUSTULE FORMATION due to cercarial penetration
• Migration of schistosomula produce pneumonia, nephritis and hemorrhage

Question 22

Period of active oviposition and extrusion

Answer 22

ulceration and necrosis of the intestine

Question 23

Period of proliferation and repair

Answer 23

fibrosis

Question 24

other name of schistosomosis

Answer 24

Bilharziosis

Question 25

Two clinical syndromes of Schistosomosis

Answer 25

1. Acute intestinal syndrome 2. Chronic hepatic syndrome

Question 26

Acute intestinal syndrome

Answer 26

• observed in heavily infected animals • hemorrhage, edema, and fibrosis in the intestine • phlebitis of the mesenteric veins • hemorrhages in the lungs • clinical signs are PROFUSE, DIARRHEA WITH MUCUS AND BLOOD, DEHYDRATION, PALENESS DUE TO ANEMIA, LOSS OF WEIGHT DUE TO HYPOALBUMINEMIA and ASCITES FORMATION

Question 27

Chronic hepatic syndrome

Answer 27

• more common in animals; often go unnoticed • it is an immunologically specific host reaction which results from the presence of eggs in the liver leading to extensive damage and eventuala healing by fibrous tissue formation (granuloma) • Lymphoid nodules develop around dead parasites in the liver • Massive thrombosis of the portal veins that lead to hepatic infarction • presence of ascites

Question 28

Chronic hepatic syndrome or?

Answer 28

Clay-pipe stem liver fibrosis

Question 29

drug of choice pf Schistosomosis

Answer 29

Praziquantel

Question 30

Prevention of schistosomosis

Answer 30

• avoid contact with contaminated water • proper disposal of human excreta • destruction of snail intermediate host • information dissemination

Question 31

species that affecting humans in mesenteric veins of man in africa, south Africa and the middle east

Answer 31

S. mansoni

Question 32

species affecting human that eggs laid in the wall of the bladder and urethra

Answer 32

S. hematobium

Question 33

° Occurs in portal and mesenteric vessels ° Affects ruminants, equine and baboon ° Present in Southern Europe, South Asia and Africa

Answer 33

Schistosoma bovis

Question 34

with spindle shape eggs

Answer 34

Schistosoma bovis

Question 35

Intermediate host of Schistosoma bovis

Answer 35

Bulinus sp., Physopsis sp.

Question 36

found in the veins of the nasal mucosa of cattle, goat, and horse in India

Answer 36

Schistosoma nasalis

Question 37

eggs are boomerang-shaped

Answer 37

Schistosoma nasalis

Question 38

Intermediate host of Schistosoma nasalis

Answer 38

Lymnaea sp., Indoplanorbis sp.

Question 39

causes nasal granuloma "snoring disease"

Answer 39

Schistosoma nasalis

Question 40

nasal granuloma

Answer 40

snoring disease

Question 41

occurs in the mesenteric veins of cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat

Answer 41

Schistosoma spindalis

Question 42

Eggs are flattened on the side with a terminal spine

Answer 42

Schistosoma spindalis

Question 43

Intermediate host of Schistosoma spindalis

Answer 43

Planorbis spp., Indoplanorbis spp.

Question 44

Occurs in the portal, mesenteric, pancreatic, hepatic and pelvic vessels of sheep, goat, and cattle, equine and camel in India

Answer 44

Schistosoma indicum

Question 45

Cause nodule formation in various organs particularly in the liver and pancreas

Answer 45

Schistosoma indicum

Question 46

Affects pig and dog in India

Answer 46

Schistosoma suis

Question 47

Eggs are flattened on one side with a small, stout spine

Answer 47

Schistosoma suis

Question 48

also known as "rice paddy itch", "hunters itch", "clam diggers itch", "cercarial dermatitis", "sea bather's eruption", "lakeside disease".

Answer 48

Schistosome/Cercarial Dermatitis or "Swimmer's Itch"

Question 49

a maculopapular skin eruption caused by penetration of the cercaria of non-human schistosomes into the skin of man producing erythema, pruritus, vesicle formation and marked papule formation (non human)

Answer 49

Schistosome/Cercarial Dermatitis or "Swimmer's itch"

Question 50

Incriminated schistosome species are;

Answer 50

Trichobilharzia sp., Austrobilharzia sp., Heterobilharzia

Question 51

Incriminated schistosome (wild birds)

Answer 51

Trichobilharzia sp.

Question 52

incriminated schistosome (ducks)

Answer 52

Austrobilharzia sp.

Question 53

incriminated schistosome (dogs, racoon)

Answer 53

Heterobilharzia sp.

Question 54

parasites of the bile duct, and pancreatic ducts, of amphibia, reptiles, birds and mammals. Cuticle often lack spines. No redia stage

Answer 54

Dicrocoelidae

Question 55

where eggs laid

Answer 55

Genital pore

Question 56

Scientific name of Lanceolate, lancet, or small liver fluke

Answer 56

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Question 57

prevalent in tropical region

Answer 57

D. hospes