Farm Flashcards
(40 cards)
What pathogens are involved in contagious mastitis?
Are these more gram positive or negative?
Gram positive
Staph aureus Sterp agalactiae Strep dysgalactiae Strep uberis Mycoplasma CNS Corynebacterium bovis
What pathogens are involved in environmental mastitis?
Are these more gram positive or negative?
Gram negative
E.coli Coliforms Strep uberis K. pneumoniae Environmental streptococci CNS
When is mastitis seasonal?
Contagious in all round calving
Environmental
Which type of mastitis tends to take longer to resolve and why?
Contagious
Higher BMSCC
More chronic and so dont tend to cure as easily
In what part of the lactation is a case of mastitis still classed as dry period origin?
first 30 days
What clinical mastitis case rate should you aim not to exceed?
3 in 12 cows monthly = ~0.25cases/cow/yr(12 months of risk)
How How many of each clinical mastitis case origin should be represented in a herd?
2 in 12 cows lactation period = 0.20cases/cow/yr(9months of risk)
1 in 12 cows dry period 1 cases/cow/yr (1 monh of risk)
What is the most likely cause of mastitis in a cow that had a high SCC at drying off that is still high at the start of the next lactation?
Contagious
How many cows do we aim for that have a high SCC at the end of the lactation to then be low at the start of the next?
> 80%
What is likely to be happening if you hav a number of cows going from low SCC to high SCC between lactations and also a number staying high?
Environmental
Hygiene
Looks like a failure to cure but actually getting reinfected
What parameters do we assess subclinical mastitis by and what should be the targets for these?
BMSCC: 100-200K cells/ml <10% high SCC cows <5% chronic highSCC cows <5-10% new inefection < 5-10% High cell count at first recording <5% dry period new ifnection rate >80% dry period cure rate
What toxic plants are most likely to cause immediate death?
Yew Laurel Potato Hemolock roots (ditch clearing) Water dropwort Lush pasture = fog fever, frothy bloat)
What are the signs of acute ragwort toxicity?
Hepatic Encephalopathy: Blindness, Excitability, Ataxia
GI Signs: Diarrhoea, faecal tenesmus, rectal prolapse, colic
What are the signs of fog fever?
Mixed inspiratory and expiratory dyspnoea Mouth breathing, no coughing Raised HR, and Resps, Delayed CRT, Pale MM Generalised fluid crackles Normal temperature
How do you treat fog fever?
Furosemide and meloxicam
Have a high chance of secondary infection - Oxytet
What are the plants that can cause photosensitisation?
St. Johns wort
Bog ahphodel
Hypercium species
Ragwort (secondary)
What is important to remember about lead toxicity ?
Must inform the APHA
Food safety implications
How do you treat lead poisoning?
Supportive and symptomatic
Oral salts MgSO4 preciptate soluble lead EDTA - lead chelating agent
What is the most common risk for white line disease?
Prolonged standing on concrete
What is the most common risk for Sole ulcers?
Prolonged standing in slurry
When are the best times to treim?
Befoore and after risk
More than 4 wekks beore calging and over 8 weeks after
Drying off and mid lactation
How should you manage ovine digital dermatitis?
Wet and warm - grazing
Topical oxytet for 3 days
Foot bath flock weekly
How should you manage foot rot?
Scald plus D. nodosus Wet housing Plus wall separation 10 days to clean a pasture of D. nodosus Remove under run horn unless really bad Foot bathing, systemic ocytet or penicillin and NSAIDs Segregate bad ones Vacciation
How can you manage a tow granuloma?
Caregul paring - no nerve endings
Presure bandage
AB if evidence of infection
