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Geography (Evan grade 4) > Farming > Flashcards

Farming Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

What are the five different ways of how people get food?

A

farming
buying
collecting
fishing
hunting

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2
Q

What is a source of food?

A

Where your food comes from

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3
Q

What is processed food?

A

Food from from plants and animals that has been changed in some way.

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4
Q

Give an example of a community that collects they’re food (hunts and gathers)?

A

San people in South Africa

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5
Q

Give 5 examples of food we eat that comes from animals.

A

Beef (cows)
Veal (cow calf)
Lamb
Pork (pig)
Fish
chicken
Eggs
Milk

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6
Q

What is subsistence farming?

A

Growing crops and keeping animals to feed themselves and their family.

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7
Q

What is commercial farming?

A

Farming to make a profit

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8
Q

What is the name of a crop grown for sale?

A

Cash crop

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9
Q

Give two types of commercial farming.

A

Stock farming and crop farming

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10
Q

Who in the family does the most of the farming on a subsistence farm?

A

The woman

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11
Q

Ina family who does subsistence farming, What does the father do and where?

A

Works in towns and cities

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12
Q

Name three features of commercial farms?

A

The farm specialises in one particular type of plant or animal

Has lots of land

Uses big vehicles and machines (tractors, trucks, harvesters)

They use Equipment to water the land (irrigation systems)

The farm makes money

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13
Q

What are the main categories of commercial farming?

A

Crop and stock

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14
Q

What is a factory farm?

A

A farm where animals are kept under strict conditions so that the farm produces as much food as possible.

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15
Q

Give places where is maize grown in South Africa?

A

Mpumlanga
Gauteng
North west
Free state

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16
Q

In which provinces is wheat grown in South Africa?

A

Free state
Eastern Cape
Western Cape

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17
Q

In which provinces is sugar grown in South Africa?

A

Limpopo
Mpumalanga
KZN

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18
Q

In which provinces is citrus fruit grown in South Africa?

A

Limpopo
Mpumalanga
North west
KZN
Western
Eastern Cape

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19
Q

In which provinces is deciduous fruit grown in South Africa?

A

Gauteng
North west
Free state
Northern cape
Western cape
Western cape

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20
Q

In which provinces is subtropical fruit grown in South Africa?

A

Limpopo
Mpumalanga
KZN
Eastern cape

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21
Q

In which provinces is Rooibos tea grown in South Africa?

A

Western cape
Northern cape

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22
Q

List the provinces in South Africa where there are beef cattle farms.

A

Limpopo
North west
Northern cape
Free state
KZN
Eastern cape
Gauteng

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23
Q

List the provinces in South Africa where there are dairy cattle farms.

A

All of them!

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24
Q

List the provinces in South Africa where there are sheep farms.

A

Western Cape
Eastern cape
Northern cape
Free state
Gauteng
Mpumalanga

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25
List the provinces in South Africa where there are goat farms.
Eastern cape Northern Cape KZN Mpumalanga Limpopo
26
What is mono cropping?
Planting /farming only one crop
27
What is a field where grapes are grown called?
Vineyard
28
What is a field where fruit trees are grown called?
Orchard
29
Why is monocropping bad for the soil?
The crops always takes out the same nutrients from the soil And It makes insects and diseases spread more easily
30
What is a watering system called?
Irrigation system
31
What is the feedlot system?
when commercial farmers they don’t let cattle graze in open fields; the cattle get put in small fenced areas (called feedlots) and are given lots of food to eat to fatten them up quickly so they can be sent to abattoirs
32
What do grapes grow on?
Vines
33
What kills pests on plants?
Pesticides
34
What does a mono cropping farmer have to do the soil?
Put fertilizer on it
35
What is mixed farming?
Farming where you first farm cattle or game and then they move the animals to another field and they plant crops in the field that the animals were first in. And then they switch them around
36
Why is mixed farming good?
The cattle or game gets to graze on the part of the crop left over after harvest. And The crops get better soil- with more nutrients in it from animals dung (no need for chemical fertilizer)
37
What is organic farming ?
When you farm using natural fertilizers like dung and compost
38
What is rotation?
When the farmer changes what crops he grows each year
39
Why is rotation good?
It helps to keep the soil rich. Because different plants need different nutrients from the soil and some even put nutrients back into the soil
40
What is a stock farmer?
A farmer who keeps animals
41
What does it mean to specialise?
To concentrate on doing one thing, for example, Keeping only one type of crop or animal
42
What is the name given to growing food in towns and cities?
Urban farming
43
Why do people grow food in towns and cities?
Farmers outside cities can’t produce enough food for all the people who live in cities (Almost 6 out of every 10 people in South Africa live in towns/ cities!) Some people do it to save money / know exactly where their food came from / create less pollution (uses less petrol)
44
Where do people grow food in towns and cities?
Back yards Rooftops School grounds Hospital grounds Prison grounds Old car tyre Used tin cans
45
List the advantages of urban farming.
1. You know where your food is coming from 2. Saves money 3. Saves petrol therefore less pollution 4. Creates a greener city 5. Creates more jobs for people 6. Better quality and freshness of vegetables (no pesticides) 7. Gardening is a great way to bond with family 8. Gets you in touch with nature
46
Why is urban farming good for the environment?
There is less use of pesticides And Less pollution because it uses less petrol than traditional farming
47
What are the main categories of food crop grown in South Africa?
Deciduous fruit Citrus fruit Subtropical fruit Wheat Maize Rooibos tea Sugar cane
48
Give four examples of deciduous fruit.
Apples Pears Peaches Apricots
49
Give four examples of citrus fruit.
Oranges Lemons Naartjies Grapefruit
50
Give three examples of subtropical fruit.
Pawpaws Bananas Pineapples
51
List two difficulties faced by fruit farmers.
Bad weather (such as Heavy rains, hail and strong winds) stripping the fruit off the trees/vines Protecting the fruit from Insects and birds who love to eat the fruit.
52
Give four examples of poultry
Chickens Turkeys Ducks Geese
53
Describe citrus fruit
Fruit that has thick skin that you can peel off. Fruit on the trees in winter
54
Describe the area where subtropical fruit grows?
Areas that are hot and have lots of rain.
55
Give a solution to this farming problem: Some fruit grows high on the trees
Pickers use long ladders
56
Give a solution to this farming problem: Fruits bruise easily
Picking is done by hand and fruit is wrapped carefully and separately
57
Give a solution to this farming problem: Fruit rots quickly but needs to be sold in shops far away.
Fruit is kept in cold storage to keep it fresh for longer
58
Give a solution to this farming problem: Fruit is only ripe for a short time and needs to be harvested quickly
Farmers employ extra people to pick fruit in the harvesting season
59
Where are apples farmed in South Africa?
Cold places, so mostly in the western cape
60
List 3 types of apples.
Pink lady Granny Smith Golden delicious
61
What time of year are apples picked?
Summer
62
What do apple farmers do in the winter?
Prune branches
63
What do people make from maize?
Miele pap
64
What weather conditions are best for growing maize?
Hot summer with lots of rain
65
What weather conditions are best for growing wheat?
Cool dry summers and wet winters
66
Give 3 examples of large stock
Beef cattle bred for meat Dairy cattle bred for milk Sheep bred for meat and wool
67
Give 2 examples of small stock
Goats Pigs
68
What is the word stock short for?
Livestock
69
What do we get from goats to eat?
Milk Cheese Yoghurt Meat
70
What is goat skin used for?
Leather
71
What is goat manure used for?
Fertilizer and fuel
72
What is a commercial fishing company?
A company that employs people to fish for them
73
What is a trawler?
Fishing boat that catches fish in big nets
74
Name four harbors in the Western Cape
Cape Town Gansbaai Saldanha bay Mossel bay
75
Name a harbor in the northern cape
Port nolloth
76
Name two harbors in the eastern cape
Port Elizabeth East London
77
Name two harbors in the KZN
Durban Richards bay
78
What is over fishing?
When too many fish are taken out of the dress and there are not enough left to breed and replace the fish taken out.
79
How is overfishing stopped?
Laws that say people can only take a certain number of fish from the sea And Inspectors who check that fishermen don’t exceed their quota
80
What is a quota?
The limit on how many fish a person or company can take out of the sea in one session
81
What is unprocessed food ?
Food that has not been changed in any way; food that is in the same state as it left the farm (raw fruit and veg etc)
82
What is processed food?
Food that has been changed somehow
83
Give three examples of processed foods
Cheese Jam Sugar Flour
84
Give three of unprocessed foods?
Raw carrot Raw peanut Raw corn Apple
85
List three reasons for processing food
1. To stop it from going bad ie last longer 2. To make it tastier 3. To make it safer to eat 4. To add vitamins and minerals 5. To make it look better 6. To make it easier to prepare
86
What is the main reason for processing food?
To make it last longer
87
List 5 ways of processing food
1. Cutting 2. Drying 3. Vacuum packing 4. Cooking 5. Canning 6. Freezing 7. Mixing 8. Salting 9. Squeezing
88
List the steps, in order, of the process of bread production
1. Fields are ploughed 2. Seeds are sown 3. The wheat plants are watered and grow 4. The wheat is harvested 5. Grain is transported to the flour mill to be cleaned, rolled and sieved into flour 6. The flour is sold to the a bakery 7. Flour is mixed with salt, yeast and water 8. The dough is mixed, put into tins and allowed to rise 9. Dough is baked 10. Bread is packaged

Geography (Evan grade 4) (3 decks)

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