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Geography (Evan grade 4) > Farming > Flashcards

Farming Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five different ways of how people get food?

A

farming
buying
collecting
fishing
hunting

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2
Q

What is a source of food?

A

Where your food comes from

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3
Q

What is processed food?

A

Food from from plants and animals that has been changed in some way.

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4
Q

Give an example of a community that collects they’re food (hunts and gathers)?

A

San people in South Africa

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5
Q

Give 5 examples of food we eat that comes from animals.

A

Beef (cows)
Veal (cow calf)
Lamb
Pork (pig)
Fish
chicken
Eggs
Milk

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6
Q

What is subsistence farming?

A

Growing crops and keeping animals to feed themselves and their family.

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7
Q

What is commercial farming?

A

Farming to make a profit

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8
Q

What is the name of a crop grown for sale?

A

Cash crop

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9
Q

Give two types of commercial farming.

A

Stock farming and crop farming

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10
Q

Who in the family does the most of the farming on a subsistence farm?

A

The woman

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11
Q

Ina family who does subsistence farming, What does the father do and where?

A

Works in towns and cities

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12
Q

Name three features of commercial farms?

A

The farm specialises in one particular type of plant or animal

Has lots of land

Uses big vehicles and machines (tractors, trucks, harvesters)

They use Equipment to water the land (irrigation systems)

The farm makes money

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13
Q

What are the main categories of commercial farming?

A

Crop and stock

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14
Q

What is a factory farm?

A

A farm where animals are kept under strict conditions so that the farm produces as much food as possible.

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15
Q

Give places where is maize grown in South Africa?

A

Mpumlanga
Gauteng
North west
Free state

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16
Q

In which provinces is wheat grown in South Africa?

A

Free state
Eastern Cape
Western Cape

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17
Q

In which provinces is sugar grown in South Africa?

A

Limpopo
Mpumalanga
KZN

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18
Q

In which provinces is citrus fruit grown in South Africa?

A

Limpopo
Mpumalanga
North west
KZN
Western
Eastern Cape

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19
Q

In which provinces is deciduous fruit grown in South Africa?

A

Gauteng
North west
Free state
Northern cape
Western cape
Western cape

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20
Q

In which provinces is subtropical fruit grown in South Africa?

A

Limpopo
Mpumalanga
KZN
Eastern cape

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21
Q

In which provinces is Rooibos tea grown in South Africa?

A

Western cape
Northern cape

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22
Q

List the provinces in South Africa where there are beef cattle farms.

A

Limpopo
North west
Northern cape
Free state
KZN
Eastern cape
Gauteng

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23
Q

List the provinces in South Africa where there are dairy cattle farms.

A

All of them!

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24
Q

List the provinces in South Africa where there are sheep farms.

A

Western Cape
Eastern cape
Northern cape
Free state
Gauteng
Mpumalanga

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25
Q

List the provinces in South Africa where there are goat farms.

A

Eastern cape
Northern Cape
KZN
Mpumalanga
Limpopo

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26
Q

What is mono cropping?

A

Planting /farming only one crop

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27
Q

What is a field where grapes are grown called?

A

Vineyard

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28
Q

What is a field where fruit trees are grown called?

A

Orchard

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29
Q

Why is monocropping bad for the soil?

A

The crops always takes out the same nutrients from the soil
And
It makes insects and diseases spread more easily

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30
Q

What is a watering system called?

A

Irrigation system

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31
Q

What is the feedlot system?

A

when commercial farmers they don’t let cattle graze in open fields; the cattle get put in small fenced areas (called feedlots) and are given lots of food to eat to fatten them up quickly so they can be sent to abattoirs

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32
Q

What do grapes grow on?

A

Vines

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33
Q

What kills pests on plants?

A

Pesticides

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34
Q

What does a mono cropping farmer have to do the soil?

A

Put fertilizer on it

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35
Q

What is mixed farming?

A

Farming where you first farm cattle or game and then they move the animals to another field and they plant crops in the field that the animals were first in. And then they switch them around

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36
Q

Why is mixed farming good?

A

The cattle or game gets to graze on the part of the crop left over after harvest.
And
The crops get better soil- with more nutrients in it from animals dung (no need for chemical fertilizer)

37
Q

What is organic farming ?

A

When you farm using natural fertilizers like dung and compost

38
Q

What is rotation?

A

When the farmer changes what crops he grows each year

39
Q

Why is rotation good?

A

It helps to keep the soil rich. Because different plants need different nutrients from the soil and some even put nutrients back into the soil

40
Q

What is a stock farmer?

A

A farmer who keeps animals

41
Q

What does it mean to specialise?

A

To concentrate on doing one thing, for example, Keeping only one type of crop or animal

42
Q

What is the name given to growing food in towns and cities?

A

Urban farming

43
Q

Why do people grow food in towns and cities?

A

Farmers outside cities can’t produce enough food for all the people who live in cities

(Almost 6 out of every 10 people in South Africa live in towns/ cities!)

Some people do it to save money / know exactly where their food came from / create less pollution (uses less petrol)

44
Q

Where do people grow food in towns and cities?

A

Back yards
Rooftops
School grounds
Hospital grounds
Prison grounds
Old car tyre
Used tin cans

45
Q

List the advantages of urban farming.

A
  1. You know where your food is coming from
  2. Saves money
  3. Saves petrol therefore less pollution
  4. Creates a greener city
  5. Creates more jobs for people
  6. Better quality and freshness of vegetables (no pesticides)
  7. Gardening is a great way to bond with family
  8. Gets you in touch with nature
46
Q

Why is urban farming good for the environment?

A

There is less use of pesticides
And
Less pollution because it uses less petrol than traditional farming

47
Q

What are the main categories of food crop grown in South Africa?

A

Deciduous fruit
Citrus fruit
Subtropical fruit
Wheat
Maize
Rooibos tea
Sugar cane

48
Q

Give four examples of deciduous fruit.

A

Apples
Pears
Peaches
Apricots

49
Q

Give four examples of citrus fruit.

A

Oranges
Lemons
Naartjies
Grapefruit

50
Q

Give three examples of subtropical fruit.

A

Pawpaws
Bananas
Pineapples

51
Q

List two difficulties faced by fruit farmers.

A

Bad weather (such as Heavy rains, hail and strong winds) stripping the fruit off the trees/vines

Protecting the fruit from Insects and birds who love to eat the fruit.

52
Q

Give four examples of poultry

A

Chickens
Turkeys
Ducks
Geese

53
Q

Describe citrus fruit

A

Fruit that has thick skin that you can peel off.
Fruit on the trees in winter

54
Q

Describe the area where subtropical fruit grows?

A

Areas that are hot and have lots of rain.

55
Q

Give a solution to this farming problem:
Some fruit grows high on the trees

A

Pickers use long ladders

56
Q

Give a solution to this farming problem:
Fruits bruise easily

A

Picking is done by hand and fruit is wrapped carefully and separately

57
Q

Give a solution to this farming problem:
Fruit rots quickly but needs to be sold in shops far away.

A

Fruit is kept in cold storage to keep it fresh for longer

58
Q

Give a solution to this farming problem:
Fruit is only ripe for a short time and needs to be harvested quickly

A

Farmers employ extra people to pick fruit in the harvesting season

59
Q

Where are apples farmed in South Africa?

A

Cold places, so mostly in the western cape

60
Q

List 3 types of apples.

A

Pink lady
Granny Smith
Golden delicious

61
Q

What time of year are apples picked?

A

Summer

62
Q

What do apple farmers do in the winter?

A

Prune branches

63
Q

What do people make from maize?

A

Miele pap

64
Q

What weather conditions are best for growing maize?

A

Hot summer with lots of rain

65
Q

What weather conditions are best for growing wheat?

A

Cool dry summers and wet winters

66
Q

Give 3 examples of large stock

A

Beef cattle bred for meat
Dairy cattle bred for milk
Sheep bred for meat and wool

67
Q

Give 2 examples of small stock

A

Goats
Pigs

68
Q

What is the word stock short for?

A

Livestock

69
Q

What do we get from goats to eat?

A

Milk
Cheese
Yoghurt
Meat

70
Q

What is goat skin used for?

A

Leather

71
Q

What is goat manure used for?

A

Fertilizer and fuel

72
Q

What is a commercial fishing company?

A

A company that employs people to fish for them

73
Q

What is a trawler?

A

Fishing boat that catches fish in big nets

74
Q

Name four harbors in the Western Cape

A

Cape Town
Gansbaai
Saldanha bay
Mossel bay

75
Q

Name a harbor in the northern cape

A

Port nolloth

76
Q

Name two harbors in the eastern cape

A

Port Elizabeth
East London

77
Q

Name two harbors in the KZN

A

Durban
Richards bay

78
Q

What is over fishing?

A

When too many fish are taken out of the dress and there are not enough left to breed and replace the fish taken out.

79
Q

How is overfishing stopped?

A

Laws that say people can only take a certain number of fish from the sea
And
Inspectors who check that fishermen don’t exceed their quota

80
Q

What is a quota?

A

The limit on how many fish a person or company can take out of the sea in one session

81
Q

What is unprocessed food ?

A

Food that has not been changed in any way; food that is in the same state as it left the farm (raw fruit and veg etc)

82
Q

What is processed food?

A

Food that has been changed somehow

83
Q

Give three examples of processed foods

A

Cheese
Jam
Sugar
Flour

84
Q

Give three of unprocessed foods?

A

Raw carrot
Raw peanut
Raw corn
Apple

85
Q

List three reasons for processing food

A
  1. To stop it from going bad ie last longer
  2. To make it tastier
  3. To make it safer to eat
  4. To add vitamins and minerals
  5. To make it look better
  6. To make it easier to prepare
86
Q

What is the main reason for processing food?

A

To make it last longer

87
Q

List 5 ways of processing food

A
  1. Cutting
  2. Drying
  3. Vacuum packing
  4. Cooking
  5. Canning
  6. Freezing
  7. Mixing
  8. Salting
  9. Squeezing
88
Q

List the steps, in order, of the process of bread production

A
  1. Fields are ploughed
  2. Seeds are sown
  3. The wheat plants are watered and grow
  4. The wheat is harvested
  5. Grain is transported to the flour mill to be cleaned, rolled and sieved into flour
  6. The flour is sold to the a bakery
  7. Flour is mixed with salt, yeast and water
  8. The dough is mixed, put into tins and allowed to rise
  9. Dough is baked
  10. Bread is packaged

Geography (Evan grade 4) (3 decks)

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